补贴政策、有机肥使用效果认知与果农有机肥使用行为——基于陕西省部分有机肥补贴试点县和非试点县的调查
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摘要
有机肥替代化肥施用对提升地力、减少农业面源污染及提高农产品品质具有重要意义。基于经济学效用理论,通过调查陕北延安地区160户果农,采用tobit模型分析影响果农有机肥使用行为的因素。结果表明:有机肥补贴对果农有机肥使用行为具有显著的正向影响,政府有机肥补贴政策有效激励了果农使用有机肥;果农有机肥使用效果认知方面,有机肥替代化肥能提高苹果销售价格的认知与有机肥易用性认知对果农有机肥使用行为具有显著的正向影响;此外,果农受教育程度对有机肥的使用行为也具有显著的正向影响。基于此,提出了完善有机肥补贴政策、提高果农有机肥使用效果认知程度及提高果农教育水平的政策建议。
The application of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers is of great significance to improve the soil capacity, reduce non-point agricultural pollution and improve the quality of agricultural products. Based on utility theory and the survey data of 160 apple growers in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, a Tobit model was used to analyze the influence of subsidy policy on the use of organic fertilizer by fruit farmers. The results showed that subsidies on organic fertilizer had significant positive influence on fruit farmers' use of organic fertilizer. The government policies effectively encouraged fruit farmers to use organic fertilizer. In the aspect of cognition of effect of organic fertilizer use on fruit farmers, the cognition of the use of organic fertilizers instead of fertilizers in increasing the price of apples and the cognition about ease of organic fertilizers had significant positive influence on fruit farmers' use of organic fertilizer. Moreover, the level of education of fruit farmers also had significant positive effects on the use of organic fertilizers. At last, we put forward the recommendations of perfecting the subsidy policy of organic fertilizer, raising the cognition degree of fruit farmer of the effect of using organic fertilizer and raising the education level of fruit farmers.
The application of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers is of great significance to improve the soil capacity, reduce non-point agricultural pollution and improve the quality of agricultural products. Based on utility theory and the survey data of 160 apple growers in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, a Tobit model was used to analyze the influence of subsidy policy on the use of organic fertilizer by fruit farmers. The results showed that subsidies on organic fertilizer had significant positive influence on fruit farmers' use of organic fertilizer. The government policies effectively encouraged fruit farmers to use organic fertilizer. In the aspect of cognition of effect of organic fertilizer use on fruit farmers, the cognition of the use of organic fertilizers instead of fertilizers in increasing the price of apples and the cognition about ease of organic fertilizers had significant positive influence on fruit farmers' use of organic fertilizer. Moreover, the level of education of fruit farmers also had significant positive effects on the use of organic fertilizers. At last, we put forward the recommendations of perfecting the subsidy policy of organic fertilizer, raising the cognition degree of fruit farmer of the effect of using organic fertilizer and raising the education level of fruit farmers.
引文
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[21] 陈刚,覃道文,李子璇,等.有机肥替代化肥政策成效的多重博弈分析-以湖北、湖南、江西的柑橘生产为例[J/OL].作物研究,2017,(S1):718-721.
[22] 吴丽花.农户购买有机肥的影响因素分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[23] 舒畅,乔娟.基于养殖废弃物肥料化的种植户施用关联效应研究[J].农业技术经济,2016(12):32-42.
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[25] 杨钰蓉,罗小锋.减量替代政策对农户有机肥替代技术模式采纳的影响-基于湖北省茶叶种植户调查数据的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2018(10):77-85.
[26] 赵润,高尚宾,万晓红.江苏省商品有机肥推广应用补贴方式调查与分析研究[J].农业环境与发展,2011,28(4):100-104,108.
[2] 金书秦,周芳,沈贵银.农业发展与面源污染治理双重目标下的化肥减量路径探析[J].环境保护,2015,43(8):50-53.
[3] 褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农户采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析-以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012,(3):68-77.
[4] 蔡荣,韩洪云.合同生产模式与农户有机肥施用行为-基于山东省348户苹果种植户的调查数据[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1277-1282.
[5] 郑彬.浙江省商品有机肥应用对策研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2017.
[6] 朱利群,王珏,王春杰,等.有机肥和化肥配施技术农户采纳意愿影响因素分析-基于苏、浙、皖三省农户调查[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(3):671-679.
[7] 周建华,杨海余,贺正楚.资源节约型与环境友好型技术的农户采纳限定因素分析[J].中国农村观察,2012(2):37-43.
[8] 张驰,张崇尚,仇焕广,等.农业保险参保行为对农户投入的影响-以有机肥投入为例[J].农业技术经济,2017(6):79-87.
[9] 黄季焜,冀县卿.农地使用权确权与农户对农地的长期投资[J].管理世界,2012,(9):76-81,99,187-188.
[10] 郑鑫.丹江口库区农户有机肥施用的影响因素分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,11(1):11-15.
[11] 刘梅,王咏红,高瑛,等.农户有机肥施用量及其影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2009(12):61-63.
[12] 姜太碧.农村生态环境建设中农户施肥行为影响因素分析[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2015,36(12):157-161.
[13] 钟太洋,黄贤金,王柏源.非农业就业对农户施用有机肥的影响[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(11):67-73.
[14] 余威震,罗小锋,李容容,等.绿色认知视角下农户绿色技术采纳意愿与行为悖离研究[J].资源科学,2017,39(8):1573-1583.
[15] 李想,穆月英.农户可持续生产技术采用的关联效应及影响因素-基于辽宁设施蔬菜种植户的实证分析[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,13(4):62-68.
[16] 李亮科.生产要素利用对粮食增产和环境影响研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[17] Chen X J,Zeng D,Xu Y,et al.Perceptions,risk attitude and organic fertilizer investment:evidence from rice and banana farmers in Guangxi,China[J].Sustainability,2018,10(17):3715.
[18] 左喆瑜.农户对环境友好型肥料的选择行为研究-以有机肥及控释肥为例[J].农村经济,2015(10):72-77.
[19] 杨泳冰,胡浩,王益文.农户以商品有机肥替代化肥的行为分析-基于江苏南通市228户调查数据[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,13(6):1-6,21.
[20] 蔡荣.合同生产模式与农户肥料施用结构-基于山东省苹果种植农户调查数据的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2011(3):41-51.
[21] 陈刚,覃道文,李子璇,等.有机肥替代化肥政策成效的多重博弈分析-以湖北、湖南、江西的柑橘生产为例[J/OL].作物研究,2017,(S1):718-721.
[22] 吴丽花.农户购买有机肥的影响因素分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[23] 舒畅,乔娟.基于养殖废弃物肥料化的种植户施用关联效应研究[J].农业技术经济,2016(12):32-42.
[24] Wang Y,Zhu Y C ,Zhang S X,et al.What could promote farmers to replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,199:882-890.
[25] 杨钰蓉,罗小锋.减量替代政策对农户有机肥替代技术模式采纳的影响-基于湖北省茶叶种植户调查数据的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2018(10):77-85.
[26] 赵润,高尚宾,万晓红.江苏省商品有机肥推广应用补贴方式调查与分析研究[J].农业环境与发展,2011,28(4):100-104,108.