添加不同酶制剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质的影响
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摘要
本研究旨在探讨添加不同酶制剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质的影响,以蜡熟期刈割的全株玉米为材料,设对照组和6个处理组,处理组分别添加5 g/kg纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶,每组3个重复,青贮56 d后对全株玉米青贮饲料的感官评定、发酵品质、营养成分进行比较分析。结果显示:纤维素酶组、木聚糖酶组和β-葡聚糖酶组全株玉米青贮饲料的青贮效果较好;与对照组相比,纤维素酶组、木聚糖酶组和β-葡聚糖酶组可显著提高青贮饲料碳水化合物(WSC)和乳酸的含量(P>0.05),同时使青贮氨态氮/总氮显著降低(P<0.05),青贮发酵品质较好;添加纤维素酶的全株玉米青贮中干物质(DM)含量高于对照组和其他处理组,添加纤维素酶和α-半乳糖苷酶处理的粗蛋白质(CP)含量较高;添加纤维素酶的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和β-葡聚糖酶组青贮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、ADF均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上表明:纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶更适于用作全株玉米青贮饲料的添加剂。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different enzyme preparations on fermentation quality of whole corn silage to improve its utilization efficiency.The whole corn that castrating during wax maturity were used as materials and assigned into 7 groups which were control group and 6 treatment groups with 3 repeats per group.The six treatment groups were added 5 g/kg cellulase,xylanase,pectinase,α-galactosidase,β-mannanase and β-glucanase,respectively.Then the sensory evaluation,fermentation quality and nutrient composition of different processed corn silage were compared after 56 d of silage.The results showed that the whole corn in cellulase,xylanase and β-glucanase groups had better silage effect on sensory evaluation.Compared with control group,cellulase,xylanase and β-glucanase could significantly increase carbohydrate and lactic acid contents in whole corn silage(P>0.05),and significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen(P<0.05),so that the silage had a significant improvement in fermentation quality.The DM content in cellulase group was higher than that of control group and other treatment groups.The content of CP treated with cellulase and α-galactosidase was higher;The ADF content in cellulase group and contents of NDF and ADF in β-glucanase group were significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).In summary,under the experimental condition,cellulase,xylanase and β-glucanase were more suitable as additives for whole corn silage.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different enzyme preparations on fermentation quality of whole corn silage to improve its utilization efficiency.The whole corn that castrating during wax maturity were used as materials and assigned into 7 groups which were control group and 6 treatment groups with 3 repeats per group.The six treatment groups were added 5 g/kg cellulase,xylanase,pectinase,α-galactosidase,β-mannanase and β-glucanase,respectively.Then the sensory evaluation,fermentation quality and nutrient composition of different processed corn silage were compared after 56 d of silage.The results showed that the whole corn in cellulase,xylanase and β-glucanase groups had better silage effect on sensory evaluation.Compared with control group,cellulase,xylanase and β-glucanase could significantly increase carbohydrate and lactic acid contents in whole corn silage(P>0.05),and significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen(P<0.05),so that the silage had a significant improvement in fermentation quality.The DM content in cellulase group was higher than that of control group and other treatment groups.The content of CP treated with cellulase and α-galactosidase was higher;The ADF content in cellulase group and contents of NDF and ADF in β-glucanase group were significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).In summary,under the experimental condition,cellulase,xylanase and β-glucanase were more suitable as additives for whole corn silage.
引文
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[2] 陈雷,原现军,郭刚,等.添加乳酸菌制剂和丙酸对全株玉米全混合日粮青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(1):104-110. CHEN L,YUAN X J,GUO G,et al.The effects of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages prepared with whole-crop corn in Tibet[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2015,46(1):104-110.(in Chinese)
[3] MUCK R E,NADEAU E M G,MCALLISTER T A et al.Silage review:Recent advances and future uses of silage additives[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(5):3980-4000.
[4] 钟书,张晓娜,杨云贵,等.乳酸菌和纤维素酶对不同含水量紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1821-1830. ZHONG S,ZHANG X N,YANG Y G,et al.Effects of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on alfalfa silage quality with different moisture[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(5):1821-1830.(in Chinese)
[5] 庄苏,颜瑞,丁立人,等.纤维素酶与木聚糖酶对象草青贮发酵品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2009,32(4):148-153. ZHUANG S,YAN R,DING L R,et al.Effects of cellulase and xylanase on the fermentation quality of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) silages during ensiling[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2009,32(4):148-153.(in Chinese)
[6] COLOMBATTO D,MORGAVI D P,FURTADO A F,et al.Screening of exogenous enzymes for ruminant diets:Relationship between biochemical characteristics and in vitro ruminal degradation[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(10):2628-2631.
[7] 毛倩倩,王宝维,葛文华,等.高纤维饲粮中添加果胶酶和纤维素酶对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2394-2402. MAO Q Q,WANG B W,GE W H,et al.Effects of high fiber diets supplemented with pectinase and cellulase on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Wulong geese[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(10):2394-2402.(in Chinese)
[8] WEINBERG Z G,ASHBELL G,HEN Y,et al.The effect of cellulase and hemicellulase plus pectinase on the aerobic stability and fiber analysis of peas and wheat silages[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,1995,55(3-4):287-293.
[9] 郝桂娟,张凯,王学智,等.α-半乳糖苷酶的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(3):149-154. HAO G J,ZHANG K,WANG X Z,et al.Research progress of α-galactosidase[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(3):149-154.(in Chinese)
[10] 任艳芳,何俊瑜,王晓峰.植物β-甘露聚糖酶的研究现状[J].种子,2007,4:44-49. REN Y F,HE J Y,WANG X F.Advances in research of β-mannanase in plants[J].Seed,2007,4:44-49.(in Chinese)
[11] JACKSON M E,ANDERSON D M,HSIAO H Y,et al.Beneficial effect of β-mannanase feed enzyme on performance of chicks challenged with Eimeria sp.and Clostridium perfringens[J].Avian Diseases,2003,47(3):759-763.
[12] HRISTOV A N,MCALLISTER T A,CHENG K J.Intraruminal supplementation with increasing levels of exogenous polysaccharide-degrading enzymes:Effects on nutrient digestion in cattle fed a barley grain diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(2):477-487.
[13] 张强,马齐,徐升运,等.β-葡聚糖酶降解玉米秸秆中β-葡聚糖的工艺[J].食品与生物技术学报,2009,28(6):828-831. ZHANG Q,MA Q,XU S Y,et al.Study on the degradation of β-glucan of corn stalk by β-glucanase[J].Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology,2009,28(6):828-831.(in Chinese)
[14] 侯鑫狄,侯美玲,贾玉山,等.添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对黄花苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(6):95-98. HOU X D,HOU M L,JIA Y S,et al.Effects of adding lactic acid bacteria and cellulose on silage quality of Medicago falcata[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(6):95-98.(in Chinese)
[15] 侯美玲,杜珠梅,范文强,等.乳酸菌与纤维素酶对草甸草原天然牧草青贮品质的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(5):871-880. HOU M L,DU Z M,FAN W Q,et al.The effects of treating with lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on silage fermentation of natural grasses in meadow steppe[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2017,48(5):871-880.(in Chinese)
[16] 赵子夫.乳酸菌的分离筛选及其对玉米青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009. ZHAO Z F.Isolation and screening of lactic acid bacteria and its effect on corn silage quality and aerobic stability[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[17] WEINBERG Z G,MUCK R E.New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage[J].Fems Microbiology Reviews,2010,19(1):53-68.
[18] 许庆方,张翔,崔志文,等.不同添加剂对全株玉米青贮品质的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(2):157-161. XU Q F,ZHANG X,CUI Z W,et al.Effect of additives on the quality of whole-crop corn silage[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2009,17(2):157-161.(in Chinese)
[19] 李海红,郭雅妮,同帜.玉米秸秆的生物降解效果研究[J].西安工程大学学报,2010,3:294-297. LI H H,GUO Y N,TONG Z.Study on biodegradation effect of corn straw[J].Journal of Xi’an Polytechnic University,2010,3:294-297.(in Chinese)
[20] BATH K,ROOS S,WALL T,et al.The cell surface of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC55730 highlighted by identification of 126 extracellular proteins from the genome sequence[J].Fems Microbiology Letters,2010,253(1):75-82.
[21] 玉柱,陈燕,孙启忠,等.不同添加剂对白三叶青贮发酵品质与体外消化率的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2009,11(4):133-138. YU Z,CHEN Y,SUN Q Z,et al.Effects of different additives on silage fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of white clover[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2009,11(4):133-138.(in Chinese)
[22] 李静.萎蔫与添加剂青贮对白三叶发酵品质的影响[A].中国草学会饲料生产委员会第15次饲草生产学术研讨会论文集[C].2009. LI J.Effects of wilt and additive silage on the fermentation quality of white clover[A].Proceedings of the 15th Forage Production Symposium of China Grass Society Feed Production Committee[C].2009.(in Chinese)
[23] 彭海兰.不同青贮添加剂对苜蓿青贮品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003. PENG H L.Effects of different silage additives on the quality of alfalfa silage[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2003.(in Chinese)
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