自然条件下桑螟种群的性比统计及雌性性腺提取物的气相色谱-质谱分析
|
摘要
昆虫的性比关系到种群的繁殖与数量维持,而昆虫性信息素能被同种异性个体接受并产生与生殖相关的行为和生理反应。桑螟(Diaphania pyloalis Walker)是桑树的重要害虫,对其种群性比的调查及性信息素组分鉴定,有利于虫情预测及开发桑螟性信息素应用于诱捕和干扰交配等综合防治。调查江苏省镇江地区5—9月份露地桑园与大棚桑园内自然发生桑螟种群蛹期的平均雌性占比分别为86.98%和83.05%,单蛾交配后代的雌性占比为82.91%,且未发现有孤雌生殖发生。对桑螟处女蛾性腺的二氯甲烷和正己烷萃取物采用色谱-质谱鉴定其组分,发现了5种与已知昆虫性信息素类物质结构具有一定相似性的化合物,包括3,6,9-三环丙烷,十八酸甲酯、(3Z,16E)-5甲基十八碳二烯醇、(3Z,6Z,9Z)-十八碳三烯异丙酯、甲酸6Z,8-甲基,十四碳烯酯、(3Z,6Z,9Z)-十八碳三烯丁酯。研究结果表明,自然条件下桑螟的雌性明显偏多,这有利于利用性信息素诱杀技术防控其为害;从雌成虫性腺萃取物中分离鉴定的5种化学成分可作为性信息素候选物质进一步研究。
Insect sex ratio plays a key role in reproduction and quantity maintenance of its population. Insect sex pheromones can be received by allogeneic individuals and cause corresponding reproductive behaviour and physiological responses. Mulberry pyralid( D. pyloalis) is one of the key pests of mulberry. Investigation on sex ratio of mulberry pyralid population and identification of its sex pheromone components are beneficial to pest forecast and development of mulberry pyralid sex pheromones for pest trapping and mating interference. An investigation was performed in open mulberry garden and greenhouse mulberry garden in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province from May to September. The results showed that the natural ratio of females at pupal period of mulberry pyralid in the above two gardens was 86. 98% and 83. 05%,respectively,and the offspring of pair mating had a female ratio of 82. 91%. Besides,no parthenogernesis was found in mulberry pyralid. Methylene chloride and n-hexane extracts from gonad of mulberry pyralid virgin moth were analyzed by GC-MS to identify their components. Five compounds with similar structure to known insect sex pheromones were discovered. They are 2-[[2-[( 2-Eth) Met]Cyc]Met]Cyc,Aci,Met,Est,E2,Z15,Me14-18: OH,Z9,Z12,Z15-18: Aci: Iso:Est,Me6,Z8-14: OAc and Z9,Z12,Z15-18: Aci-4: Est. Our results showed that the female proportion of Diaphania pyloalis Walker was significantly higher than the male proportion in natural condition,which will be beneficial to enhance the control effect of utilizing sex pheromone to attract and kill mulberry pyralid. The five chemicals isolated from gonad extract of mulberry pyralid female adult could be used as candidates of sex pheromone for further research.
Insect sex ratio plays a key role in reproduction and quantity maintenance of its population. Insect sex pheromones can be received by allogeneic individuals and cause corresponding reproductive behaviour and physiological responses. Mulberry pyralid( D. pyloalis) is one of the key pests of mulberry. Investigation on sex ratio of mulberry pyralid population and identification of its sex pheromone components are beneficial to pest forecast and development of mulberry pyralid sex pheromones for pest trapping and mating interference. An investigation was performed in open mulberry garden and greenhouse mulberry garden in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province from May to September. The results showed that the natural ratio of females at pupal period of mulberry pyralid in the above two gardens was 86. 98% and 83. 05%,respectively,and the offspring of pair mating had a female ratio of 82. 91%. Besides,no parthenogernesis was found in mulberry pyralid. Methylene chloride and n-hexane extracts from gonad of mulberry pyralid virgin moth were analyzed by GC-MS to identify their components. Five compounds with similar structure to known insect sex pheromones were discovered. They are 2-[[2-[( 2-Eth) Met]Cyc]Met]Cyc,Aci,Met,Est,E2,Z15,Me14-18: OH,Z9,Z12,Z15-18: Aci: Iso:Est,Me6,Z8-14: OAc and Z9,Z12,Z15-18: Aci-4: Est. Our results showed that the female proportion of Diaphania pyloalis Walker was significantly higher than the male proportion in natural condition,which will be beneficial to enhance the control effect of utilizing sex pheromone to attract and kill mulberry pyralid. The five chemicals isolated from gonad extract of mulberry pyralid female adult could be used as candidates of sex pheromone for further research.
引文
[1]李松,滕飞,邓昌敏.浅谈桑螟虫的发生与防治[J].蚕学通讯,2010,30(4):47-49
[2]钱祥明,洪志英,王卫明,等.桑螟的生物学特性研究[J].蚕业科学,1995,20(1):50-52
[3]张永辉.桑螟食叶量测定及其防治指标的研究[J].江苏蚕业,2009,31(4):9-12
[4]浦冠勤,毛建萍,于军香,等.桑螟食叶量测定及其防治指标的研究[J].蚕业科学,2004,30(2):207-210
[5]赵叙华,白锡川,施国方.桑螟发生规律及防治技术的研究进展[J].蚕桑通报,2013,44(3):5-10
[6]白锡川,吕美坤,张德明.桑螟对桑园常用农药抗性调查[J].植物保护,2005,31(6):81-83
[7]何其明.农业害虫的生物防治[J].现代农业科技,2015(17):174
[8]张涛.绿盲蝽(Apolygus luscorum)性信息素的提取鉴定及应用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011
[9]浦冠勤,毛建萍,谢立群,等.桑螟绒茧蜂的生物学特性研究[J].苏州大学学报(工科版),2005,25(2):20-23
[10]于军香,毛建萍,谢立群,等.桑螟寄生性天敌昆虫的研究[J].蚕业科学,2002,28(4):273-276
[11]白光瑛,马海鲲,王孝莹,等.利用昆虫病原线虫防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的研究进展[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(4):25-33
[12]李敏敏,程云霞,肖永红,等.性比对草地螟生殖潜力和寿命的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(6):1589-1596
[13]KARLSON P,LUSCHER M.Pheromones:a new term for a class of biologically active substances[J].Nature,1959,183(4653):55-56
[14]吴英杰,刘金龙.昆虫性信息素在害虫防治中的应用[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(8):60-62
[15]KHOSRAVI R,SENDI J J.Biology and demography of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)on mulberry[J].J AsiaPac Entomol,2010,13(4):273-276
[16]YEW J Y,CHUNG H.Insect pheromones:an overview of function,form,and discovery[J].Prog Lipid Res,2015,59:88-105
[17]KONG X B,LIU K W,WANG H B,et al.Identification and behavioral evaluation of sex pheromone components of the Chinese pine caterpillar moth,Dendrolimus tabulaeformis[J/OL].PLo S ONE,2012,7(3):e0033381[2017-03-15].http://www.plosone.org/article/fetch Object.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.003-3381&representation=PDF.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0033381
[18]MA T,LIU Z T,ZHANG Y Y,et al.Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Diaphania glauculalis males to female sex pheromone[J].Environ Sci Pollut R,2015,22(19):15046-15054
[19]何月秋,池树友,杜永均.黄杨绢野螟雌蛾性信息素的鉴定及诱蛾活性[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(10):1081-1090
[20]张胜男,沈婧,牟静,等.不同方法提取黄野螟性信息素粗提物组分GC-MS分析[J].河北林业科技,2016(3):1-5
[21]刘志韬,马涛,孙朝辉,等.GC-MS法鉴定团花绢螟性信息素成分的研究[J].中国森林病虫,2014,33(4):11-14;44
[22]李咏玲,韩福生,张金桐.昆虫性信息素研究综述[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(6):51-54
[23]王丽平,嵇保中,刘曙雯,等.螟蛾总科昆虫性信息素的种类、分泌及感受机制研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(4):585-596
[24]ANDO T,YAMAKAWA R.Analyses of lepidopteran sex pheromones by mass spectrometry[J].Trend Anal Chem,2011,30(7):990-1002
[25]闫祺,韦卫,侯雪玲,等.春尺蠖性信息素活性成分的提取和GC-MS鉴定[J].昆虫学报,2011,54(3):368-372
[2]钱祥明,洪志英,王卫明,等.桑螟的生物学特性研究[J].蚕业科学,1995,20(1):50-52
[3]张永辉.桑螟食叶量测定及其防治指标的研究[J].江苏蚕业,2009,31(4):9-12
[4]浦冠勤,毛建萍,于军香,等.桑螟食叶量测定及其防治指标的研究[J].蚕业科学,2004,30(2):207-210
[5]赵叙华,白锡川,施国方.桑螟发生规律及防治技术的研究进展[J].蚕桑通报,2013,44(3):5-10
[6]白锡川,吕美坤,张德明.桑螟对桑园常用农药抗性调查[J].植物保护,2005,31(6):81-83
[7]何其明.农业害虫的生物防治[J].现代农业科技,2015(17):174
[8]张涛.绿盲蝽(Apolygus luscorum)性信息素的提取鉴定及应用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011
[9]浦冠勤,毛建萍,谢立群,等.桑螟绒茧蜂的生物学特性研究[J].苏州大学学报(工科版),2005,25(2):20-23
[10]于军香,毛建萍,谢立群,等.桑螟寄生性天敌昆虫的研究[J].蚕业科学,2002,28(4):273-276
[11]白光瑛,马海鲲,王孝莹,等.利用昆虫病原线虫防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的研究进展[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(4):25-33
[12]李敏敏,程云霞,肖永红,等.性比对草地螟生殖潜力和寿命的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(6):1589-1596
[13]KARLSON P,LUSCHER M.Pheromones:a new term for a class of biologically active substances[J].Nature,1959,183(4653):55-56
[14]吴英杰,刘金龙.昆虫性信息素在害虫防治中的应用[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(8):60-62
[15]KHOSRAVI R,SENDI J J.Biology and demography of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)on mulberry[J].J AsiaPac Entomol,2010,13(4):273-276
[16]YEW J Y,CHUNG H.Insect pheromones:an overview of function,form,and discovery[J].Prog Lipid Res,2015,59:88-105
[17]KONG X B,LIU K W,WANG H B,et al.Identification and behavioral evaluation of sex pheromone components of the Chinese pine caterpillar moth,Dendrolimus tabulaeformis[J/OL].PLo S ONE,2012,7(3):e0033381[2017-03-15].http://www.plosone.org/article/fetch Object.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.003-3381&representation=PDF.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0033381
[18]MA T,LIU Z T,ZHANG Y Y,et al.Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Diaphania glauculalis males to female sex pheromone[J].Environ Sci Pollut R,2015,22(19):15046-15054
[19]何月秋,池树友,杜永均.黄杨绢野螟雌蛾性信息素的鉴定及诱蛾活性[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(10):1081-1090
[20]张胜男,沈婧,牟静,等.不同方法提取黄野螟性信息素粗提物组分GC-MS分析[J].河北林业科技,2016(3):1-5
[21]刘志韬,马涛,孙朝辉,等.GC-MS法鉴定团花绢螟性信息素成分的研究[J].中国森林病虫,2014,33(4):11-14;44
[22]李咏玲,韩福生,张金桐.昆虫性信息素研究综述[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(6):51-54
[23]王丽平,嵇保中,刘曙雯,等.螟蛾总科昆虫性信息素的种类、分泌及感受机制研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(4):585-596
[24]ANDO T,YAMAKAWA R.Analyses of lepidopteran sex pheromones by mass spectrometry[J].Trend Anal Chem,2011,30(7):990-1002
[25]闫祺,韦卫,侯雪玲,等.春尺蠖性信息素活性成分的提取和GC-MS鉴定[J].昆虫学报,2011,54(3):368-372