《海牙判决公约草案》中共同法院条款研究
|
摘要
共同法院条款是《海牙判决公约草案》谈判中各国争议的关键性条款。区别于传统意义上属于一国司法系统的法院,共同法院是处理国际民商事纠纷的国际法院。因此,《海牙判决公约草案》需要重新定义法院判决和判决来源国。为了保证共同法院条款的有效实施,共同法院判决的承认与执行除了需要满足一般法院判决承认与执行的条件外,还需要满足相关的声明要求。同时,共同法院条款也可以推动中国的国际民事诉讼改革,有利于参与全球司法竞争,并通过组建或参与组建共同法院与其他国家进行司法合作。
The common courts provision is a key clause with debate among different countries in the negotiation of the Draft Hague Judgment Convention. Traditionally, the courts are affiliated with the judicial system of a country, but the common courts in nature are the international courts that deal with internationat civil and commercial disputes. Therefore, the Draft Hague Convention is required to redefine the"judgment of court"and"court of origin". In order to guarantee the effective implementation of the provision, the recognition and enforcement of the judgments rendered by the common courts still has to satisfy the requirements of the declaration required by the Convention, in addition to the conditions declaration of the Convention. Meanwhile, the common courts provision can also promote China' s international civil litigation system,facilitate the participation in global judicial competition, and create judicial cooperation with other countries through the establishment or joint establishment of the common courts.
The common courts provision is a key clause with debate among different countries in the negotiation of the Draft Hague Judgment Convention. Traditionally, the courts are affiliated with the judicial system of a country, but the common courts in nature are the international courts that deal with internationat civil and commercial disputes. Therefore, the Draft Hague Convention is required to redefine the"judgment of court"and"court of origin". In order to guarantee the effective implementation of the provision, the recognition and enforcement of the judgments rendered by the common courts still has to satisfy the requirements of the declaration required by the Convention, in addition to the conditions declaration of the Convention. Meanwhile, the common courts provision can also promote China' s international civil litigation system,facilitate the participation in global judicial competition, and create judicial cooperation with other countries through the establishment or joint establishment of the common courts.
引文
(1)See Work Doc. No.163-Proposal of the Delegations of the European Union and the United States of America(Special Commission on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments),16-24 February 2017,para.1.
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.4.
(2)比如俄罗斯、以色列、日本和中国。
(3)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments,para.23; Report of Meeting No.3, para.48.
(4)See Report of Meeting No.3, para.58.
(5)需要说明的是,在2018年5月第四次特委会后形成的公约草案中,共同法院的规定与之前有较大差异,因此本文所讨论的内容建立在2017年的案文之上。
(6)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.6.
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.6.
(2)See Francisco J. Garcimartín Alférez&Geneviève Saumier, Judgments Convention:Revised Preliminary Explanatory Report, Preliminary Document No.10 of May 2018,para.74.
(3)国际私法学者对国际法院研究较少,因而较少看到相关论述,但是已有国际公法和国际关系学者对其进行了研究。
(4)国际法院与仲裁庭项目成立于1997年,早期为英国和美国的合作研究项目,后来逐渐成为专门研究国际法庭和仲裁庭的机构。
(5)Karen Alter, The New Terrain of International Law:Courts, Politics, Rights 83(Princeton University Press 2014).
(1)Regulation(EU)No.542/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of15 May 2014 Amending Regulation(EU)No.1215/2012 as regards the Rules to be Applied with respect to the Unified Patent Court and the Benelux Court of Justice.
(2)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.7.
(3)See Article 1 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments.
(4)See Article 2(2)of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments.
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.14.
(2)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.15.
(1)See Matthias Weller, Mutual Trust:In Search of the Future of European Private International Law, 11 Journal of Private International Law 64(2015); Marek Zilinsky, Mutual Trust and Cross-Border Enforcement of Judgments in Civil Matters in the EU:Does the Step-by-Step Approach Work?, 64 Netherlands International Law Review 115-116(2017).
(2)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.16.
(3)参见钟丽:《国际知识产权争议解决机制研究》,中国政法大学出版社2011年版,第2-3页。
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.17.
(2)参见叶斌:《欧盟TTIP投资争端解决机制草案:挑战与前景》,《国际法研究》2016年第6期,第75-76页。
(3)参见贾丽娜:《知识产权投资争端问题研究》,《武大国际法评论》2017年第4期,第31页。
(4)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.7.
(5)See Discussion Document from the European Union on the Operation of the Future Hague Judgments Convention with regard to Intellectual Property Rights, para.37;Note on“Common Courts”in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.12.
(1)Andrea Bonomi, Courage or Caution? A Critical Overview of the Hague Preliminary Draft on Judgments, 17 Yearbook of Private International Law 3(2016).
(1)参见何其生:《比较法视野下的国际民事诉讼》,高等教育出版社2015年版,第325页。
(2)Ronald A. Brand&Paul Herrup, The 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements:Commentary and Documents 58(Cambridge University Press 2008).
(3)See Francisco J. Garcimartín Alférez&Geneviève Saumier, Judgments Convention:Revised Preliminary Explanatory Report, Preliminary Document No.10 of May 2018,para.90.
(4)See Explanatory Note Providing Background on the Proposed Draft Text and Identifying Outstanding Issues, para.61.
(5)在涉外民商事判决承认与执行的程序中,确定判决作出法院对该民商事案件具有适当的管辖权,是判决在被请求国法院获得承认与执行的前提和基础。参见何其生:《比较法视野下的国际民事诉讼》,高等教育出版社2015年版,第329页。
(1)参见徐国建:《建立法院判决全球流通的国际法律制度——〈海牙外国判决承认与执行公约草案〉立法资料、观点和述评》,《武大国际法评论》2017年第5期,第109页。
(2)See Francisco J. Garcimartín Alférez&Geneviève Saumier, Judgments Convention:Revised Preliminary Explanatory Report, Preliminary Document No.10 of May 2018,para.225.
(3)See Explanatory Note Providing Background on the Proposed Draft Text and Identifying Outstanding Issues, para.228.
(4)Oliver D rr&Kirsten Schmalenbach, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties:A Commentary 264(Springer-Verlag 2018).
(1)See Report of Meeting No.3, para.48.
(1)See Report of Meeting No.11, paras.44, 47.
(2)See Report of Meeting No.11, paras.43, 49, 53.
(3)See Report of Meeting No.11, para.35.
(4)See Report of Meeting No.11, para.44.
(5)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.7.
(6)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.25.
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.14.
(2)See Work Doc. No.222-Proposal of the Delegation of The People’s Republic of China on Common Courts(Special Commission on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments),13-17 November 2017.
(3)See Work Doc. No.222-Proposal of The Delegation of The People’s Republic of China on Common Courts(Special Commission on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments), 13-17 November 2017.
(1)Marek Zilinsky, Mutual Trust and Cross-Border Enforcement of Judgments in Civil Matters in the EU:Does the Step-by-Step Approach Work?, 64 Netherlands International Law Review 127(2017).
(1)参见何其生:《大国司法理念与中国国际民事诉讼制度的发展》,《中国社会科学》2017年第5期,第145页。
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.4.
(2)比如俄罗斯、以色列、日本和中国。
(3)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments,para.23; Report of Meeting No.3, para.48.
(4)See Report of Meeting No.3, para.58.
(5)需要说明的是,在2018年5月第四次特委会后形成的公约草案中,共同法院的规定与之前有较大差异,因此本文所讨论的内容建立在2017年的案文之上。
(6)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.6.
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.6.
(2)See Francisco J. Garcimartín Alférez&Geneviève Saumier, Judgments Convention:Revised Preliminary Explanatory Report, Preliminary Document No.10 of May 2018,para.74.
(3)国际私法学者对国际法院研究较少,因而较少看到相关论述,但是已有国际公法和国际关系学者对其进行了研究。
(4)国际法院与仲裁庭项目成立于1997年,早期为英国和美国的合作研究项目,后来逐渐成为专门研究国际法庭和仲裁庭的机构。
(5)Karen Alter, The New Terrain of International Law:Courts, Politics, Rights 83(Princeton University Press 2014).
(1)Regulation(EU)No.542/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of15 May 2014 Amending Regulation(EU)No.1215/2012 as regards the Rules to be Applied with respect to the Unified Patent Court and the Benelux Court of Justice.
(2)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.7.
(3)See Article 1 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments.
(4)See Article 2(2)of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments.
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.14.
(2)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.15.
(1)See Matthias Weller, Mutual Trust:In Search of the Future of European Private International Law, 11 Journal of Private International Law 64(2015); Marek Zilinsky, Mutual Trust and Cross-Border Enforcement of Judgments in Civil Matters in the EU:Does the Step-by-Step Approach Work?, 64 Netherlands International Law Review 115-116(2017).
(2)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.16.
(3)参见钟丽:《国际知识产权争议解决机制研究》,中国政法大学出版社2011年版,第2-3页。
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.17.
(2)参见叶斌:《欧盟TTIP投资争端解决机制草案:挑战与前景》,《国际法研究》2016年第6期,第75-76页。
(3)参见贾丽娜:《知识产权投资争端问题研究》,《武大国际法评论》2017年第4期,第31页。
(4)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.7.
(5)See Discussion Document from the European Union on the Operation of the Future Hague Judgments Convention with regard to Intellectual Property Rights, para.37;Note on“Common Courts”in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.12.
(1)Andrea Bonomi, Courage or Caution? A Critical Overview of the Hague Preliminary Draft on Judgments, 17 Yearbook of Private International Law 3(2016).
(1)参见何其生:《比较法视野下的国际民事诉讼》,高等教育出版社2015年版,第325页。
(2)Ronald A. Brand&Paul Herrup, The 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements:Commentary and Documents 58(Cambridge University Press 2008).
(3)See Francisco J. Garcimartín Alférez&Geneviève Saumier, Judgments Convention:Revised Preliminary Explanatory Report, Preliminary Document No.10 of May 2018,para.90.
(4)See Explanatory Note Providing Background on the Proposed Draft Text and Identifying Outstanding Issues, para.61.
(5)在涉外民商事判决承认与执行的程序中,确定判决作出法院对该民商事案件具有适当的管辖权,是判决在被请求国法院获得承认与执行的前提和基础。参见何其生:《比较法视野下的国际民事诉讼》,高等教育出版社2015年版,第329页。
(1)参见徐国建:《建立法院判决全球流通的国际法律制度——〈海牙外国判决承认与执行公约草案〉立法资料、观点和述评》,《武大国际法评论》2017年第5期,第109页。
(2)See Francisco J. Garcimartín Alférez&Geneviève Saumier, Judgments Convention:Revised Preliminary Explanatory Report, Preliminary Document No.10 of May 2018,para.225.
(3)See Explanatory Note Providing Background on the Proposed Draft Text and Identifying Outstanding Issues, para.228.
(4)Oliver D rr&Kirsten Schmalenbach, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties:A Commentary 264(Springer-Verlag 2018).
(1)See Report of Meeting No.3, para.48.
(1)See Report of Meeting No.11, paras.44, 47.
(2)See Report of Meeting No.11, paras.43, 49, 53.
(3)See Report of Meeting No.11, para.35.
(4)See Report of Meeting No.11, para.44.
(5)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.7.
(6)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.25.
(1)See Note on “Common Courts” in Article 22 of the Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, para.14.
(2)See Work Doc. No.222-Proposal of the Delegation of The People’s Republic of China on Common Courts(Special Commission on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments),13-17 November 2017.
(3)See Work Doc. No.222-Proposal of The Delegation of The People’s Republic of China on Common Courts(Special Commission on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments), 13-17 November 2017.
(1)Marek Zilinsky, Mutual Trust and Cross-Border Enforcement of Judgments in Civil Matters in the EU:Does the Step-by-Step Approach Work?, 64 Netherlands International Law Review 127(2017).
(1)参见何其生:《大国司法理念与中国国际民事诉讼制度的发展》,《中国社会科学》2017年第5期,第145页。