竹叶和茶叶渣对4～6月龄荷斯坦公犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和腹泻状况的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究全混合日粮(TMR)中相同的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平下,竹叶或茶叶渣替代苜蓿对犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和腹泻状况的影响。按照随机区组设计将45头105 d的荷斯坦公犊牛分成3组,分别饲喂苜蓿(AH)、竹叶(BL)或茶叶渣(TR)为主要NDF来源的TMR。试验全期75 d,预饲期15 d,正试期60 d;每15 d进行一次称重,并计算犊牛每15 d的NDF采食量,每天晨饲前和晚上进行粪便评分,120、150 d和180 d时进行颈静脉采血。结果表明:①与苜蓿日粮相比,饲喂茶叶渣日粮的犊牛180 d体重和体尺增长率显著降低(P<0.05),饲喂BL日粮的犊牛NDF采食量、NDF采食量/体重值显著提高(P<0.05);②饲喂BL日粮有改变犊牛粪便指数的趋势(0.05 To study the effects of bamboo leaf or tea residue substituting alfalfa hay on calf growth, se-rum biochemical indices and diarrhea status at the same level of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) in totalmixed diet(TMR). Forty-five Holstein bull calves(age: 105 days) were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the randomized block design, 15 calves in each group, feeding a total mixed rationwith alfalfa hay(AH), bamboo leaf(BL) or tea-leaves residue(TR) as NDF source respectively. Thetest period is 75 days with 15 days of adapition period and 60 days of trial period. The NDF intakeand body weight of calves was measured every 15 d. Feces were scored morning feed and at night everyday. At 120, 150 days and 180 days of age,jugular vein blood collection was used for serumbiochemistry determination. The results showedthat:① compared with alfalfa diet, the bodyweight and the body measurement growth ofcalves fed with tea residue diet at 180 days de-creased significantly(P<0.05), NDF intake andNDF intake/body weight of calves fed with BL di-et increased significantly(P<0.05);② Fecal in-dex of calves fed with BL diet decreased significantly trend compared with that fed others diet(0.05
引文
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[24]Seifzadeh S,Aghjehgheshlagh F M,Abdibenem A R H,et al.The effects of a medical plant mix and probiotic on performance and health status of suckling Holstein calves[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2017,16(1):44-51.
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[29]Azevedo-martins A K,Curi R.Fatty acids decrease catalase activity in human leukaemia cell lines[J].Cell Biochemistry and Function,2008,26(1):87-94.
[30]郭咏梅,闫素梅.非酯化脂肪酸对奶牛氧化应激的诱导作用及其机制[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1469-1474.
[31]梁英,任成财,姜宁,等.黄酮对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(8):1409-1414.
[32]李光玉,高秀华,王凯英,等.梅花鹿、马鹿营养与其血清IGF-1浓度的关键研究[J].特产研究,2004,26(1):1-6.
[33]潘发明,李发弟,郝正里,等.茶渣单宁含量对绵羊养分消化利用与氮代谢参数的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(1):71-81.
[34]崔祥,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.日粮能量水平对断奶犊牛生长性能及营养物质消化代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(11):1815-1823.
[35]王建红,刁其玉,许先查,等.日粮Lys、Met和Thr添加模式对0~2月龄犊牛生长性能、消化代谢与血清学生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(9):1898-1907.
[2]汪庆华,王晨,刘新.我国茶叶标准不断完善[J].茶叶,2018,44(2):61-64.
[3]胡雨霞,江盼.健康生态下制茶废料的循环再利用设计研究[J].福建茶叶,2018,40(3):21.
[4]王文渊.竹叶黄酮的功能研究进展[J].中国食物与营养,2012,18(6):71-74.
[5]唐飞.青砖茶改善小鼠胃肠道功能的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2017.
[6]任春燕,毕研亮,杜汉昌,等.开食料中不同NDF水平对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃内环境及血清生化指标的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(5):210-218.
[7]Montoro C,Miller-cushon E K,Devries T J,et al.Effect of physical form of forage on performance,feeding behaviianor,and digestibility of Holstein calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(2):1117-1124.
[8]Beiranvand H,Ghorbani G R,Khorvash M,et al.Interactions of alfalfa hay and sodium propionate on dairy calf performance and rumen development[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(4):2270-2280.
[9]NRC.Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle:Seventh Revised Edition[M].Washington D.C.:National Academy of Sciences,2001.
[10]IPCC.2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南[S]:2版.日本全球环境战略研究所,2006.
[11]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:49-151.
[12]Nemati M,Amanlou H,Khorvash M,et al.Effect of different alfalfa hay levels on growth performance,rumen fermentation,and structural growth of Holstein dairy calves[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(3):1141-1148.
[13]Heinrichs A J,Jones C M,Heinrichs B S,et al.Effects of mannan oligosaccharide or antibiotics in neonatal diets on health and growth of dairy calves[J].Journal of dairy science,2003,86(12):4064-4069.
[14]Hess H D,Monsalve L M,Lascano C E,et al.Supplementation of a tropical grass diet with forage legumes and sapindus saponaria fruits:effects on in vitro ruminal nitrogenturnover and methanogenesis[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2003,54(7):703-713.
[15]郝媛华,蒋林树.茶皂素的生物学活性及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(11):1-4.
[16]潘龙,牛俊丽,卜登攀,等.柴胡皂苷对体外发酵参数及细菌数量变化的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):85-91.
[17]丁丽霞.油茶粕中茶皂素的降解及其利用研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012.
[18]Hill T M,Bateman H G,Aldrich J M,et al.Effects of the Amount of Chopped Hay or Cottonseed Hulls in a Textured Calf Starter on Young Calf Performance[J].Journal of dairy science,2008,91(7):2684-2693.
[19]苏万仁.利用桑叶作为家畜饲料的可行性[J].中国草食动物,2004,24(5):39-41.
[20]倪晓燕,黄清波,周建华.竹叶复合颗粒饲料加工工艺及其喂羊试验[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(2):50-51.
[21]Heinrichs A J,Rogers G W,Cooper J B.Predicting body weight and wither height in Holtein heifers using body measurements[J].Journal of dairy science,1992,75(12):3576-3581.
[22]董晓丽.益生菌的筛选鉴定及其对断奶仔猪、犊牛生长和消化道微生物的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[23]Timmerman H K,Koning C,Mulder L,et al.Monostratin,multistrain and multispecies probiotics-a comparison of functionality and efficacy[J].International Journal of food microbiology,2004,96(3):219-233.
[24]Seifzadeh S,Aghjehgheshlagh F M,Abdibenem A R H,et al.The effects of a medical plant mix and probiotic on performance and health status of suckling Holstein calves[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2017,16(1):44-51.
[25]Fukui H,Goto K,Tabata M.Two antimicrobial flavanones from the leaves of glycyrrhiza glabra[J].Chemical and Pharmaceutical bulletin,1988,36(10):4174-4176.
[26]杨春涛.热带假丝酵母和桑叶黄酮对犊牛生长和胃肠道发育的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[27]董晓丽,张乃锋,刁其玉,等.复合菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1285-1292.
[28]TerréM,Pedrals E,Dalmau A,et al.What do preweaned and weaned calves need in the diet:A high fiber content or a forage source[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,96:5217-5225.
[29]Azevedo-martins A K,Curi R.Fatty acids decrease catalase activity in human leukaemia cell lines[J].Cell Biochemistry and Function,2008,26(1):87-94.
[30]郭咏梅,闫素梅.非酯化脂肪酸对奶牛氧化应激的诱导作用及其机制[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1469-1474.
[31]梁英,任成财,姜宁,等.黄酮对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(8):1409-1414.
[32]李光玉,高秀华,王凯英,等.梅花鹿、马鹿营养与其血清IGF-1浓度的关键研究[J].特产研究,2004,26(1):1-6.
[33]潘发明,李发弟,郝正里,等.茶渣单宁含量对绵羊养分消化利用与氮代谢参数的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(1):71-81.
[34]崔祥,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.日粮能量水平对断奶犊牛生长性能及营养物质消化代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(11):1815-1823.
[35]王建红,刁其玉,许先查,等.日粮Lys、Met和Thr添加模式对0~2月龄犊牛生长性能、消化代谢与血清学生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(9):1898-1907.