高温和重载对DCLR改性沥青混合料抗变形能力的影响
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摘要
为了评价煤直接液化残渣(DCLR)和复合DCLR改性沥青混合料在高温和重载下的抗变形能力,对级配为AC-20的2种沥青混合料进行多温度(50℃、60℃、70℃)、多荷载(0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0 MPa)条件下的三轴重复荷载试验,并对试验数据进行非线性拟合,提出了能够在高温和重载条件下评价2种沥青混合料抗变形能力的指标,并利用方差分析法研究了温度和荷载对沥青混合料抗变形能力的显著性影响。研究结果表明:2种沥青混合料的永久变形随温度和荷载的增大而增大,流动数、非线性拟合指数分别与温度和荷载呈负相关与正相关,说明流动数和非线性拟合指数均能反映沥青混合料的抗变形能力,但2种沥青混合料的流动数的三维曲面在温度为65℃～70℃和荷载为1.0 MPa处有交叉,说明流动数在高温和重载条件下不能有效区分DCLR和复合DCLR改性沥青混合料的抗变形能力;在0.05显著性水平下,2种沥青混合料的抗变形能力对温度的敏感性均高于荷载,因此,温度为影响2种沥青混合料抗变形能力的主要因素,荷载为次要因素;温度和荷载的非线性拟合指数、流动数分别在0.013和0.113显著性水平下对2种沥青混合料的抗变形能力有显著性影响,因此,在试验温度和荷载范围内非线性拟合指数比流动数更适合作为评价DCLR与复合DCLR改性沥青混合料抗变形能力的指标。
To evaluate the deformation resistance of coal direct liquefaction residue(DCLR) modified asphalt mixture and compound DCLR modified asphalt mixture under high temperature and heavy load, the tri-axial repeated load test was carried out on two asphalt mixtures with the gradation of AC-20 under multi-temperatures(50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃) and multi-loads(0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 MPa) conditions, and the test data were nonlinearly fitted. An index for evaluating the deformation resistances of the two asphalt mixtures under high temperature and heavy load was proposed, and the variance analysis method was used to investigate the significant influences of temperature and load on the deformation resistance of asphalt mixture. Research result shows that the permanent deformations of two asphalt mixtures increase as temperature and load increase. The flow number and nonlinear fitting index have negative and positive correlation with temperature and load, respectively, indicating that both nonlinear fitting index and flow number can reflect the deformation resistance of asphalt mixture. However, the flow number three-dimensional surfaces of the two asphalt mixtures have intersects when temperature varies from 65 ℃ to 70 ℃ and load is 1.0 MPa, demonstrating that flow number cannot effectively distinguish the deformation resistances of DCLR modified asphalt mixture and compound DCLR modified asphalt mixture under high temperature and heavy load. The sensitivity of two asphalt mixtures to temperature is higher than to load at a significant level of 0.05. Therefore, temperature is the main factor that affects the deformation resistances of the two asphalt mixtures, and load is the secondary factor. The nonlinear fitting index and flow number of temperature and load have significant influences on the deformation resistances of two asphalt mixtures when the significant levels are 0.013 and 0.113, respectively, reporting that the nonlinear fitting index is more suitable than the flow number for evaluating the deformation resistances of DCLR modified asphalt mixture and compound DCLR modified asphalt mixture within test temperature and load conditions.
To evaluate the deformation resistance of coal direct liquefaction residue(DCLR) modified asphalt mixture and compound DCLR modified asphalt mixture under high temperature and heavy load, the tri-axial repeated load test was carried out on two asphalt mixtures with the gradation of AC-20 under multi-temperatures(50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃) and multi-loads(0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 MPa) conditions, and the test data were nonlinearly fitted. An index for evaluating the deformation resistances of the two asphalt mixtures under high temperature and heavy load was proposed, and the variance analysis method was used to investigate the significant influences of temperature and load on the deformation resistance of asphalt mixture. Research result shows that the permanent deformations of two asphalt mixtures increase as temperature and load increase. The flow number and nonlinear fitting index have negative and positive correlation with temperature and load, respectively, indicating that both nonlinear fitting index and flow number can reflect the deformation resistance of asphalt mixture. However, the flow number three-dimensional surfaces of the two asphalt mixtures have intersects when temperature varies from 65 ℃ to 70 ℃ and load is 1.0 MPa, demonstrating that flow number cannot effectively distinguish the deformation resistances of DCLR modified asphalt mixture and compound DCLR modified asphalt mixture under high temperature and heavy load. The sensitivity of two asphalt mixtures to temperature is higher than to load at a significant level of 0.05. Therefore, temperature is the main factor that affects the deformation resistances of the two asphalt mixtures, and load is the secondary factor. The nonlinear fitting index and flow number of temperature and load have significant influences on the deformation resistances of two asphalt mixtures when the significant levels are 0.013 and 0.113, respectively, reporting that the nonlinear fitting index is more suitable than the flow number for evaluating the deformation resistances of DCLR modified asphalt mixture and compound DCLR modified asphalt mixture within test temperature and load conditions.
引文
[1] 赵永尚.煤直接液化残渣改性沥青及其胶浆的性能研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2015.ZHAO Yong-shang. Study on the performances of DCLR modified asphalt and asphalt mortar[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2015. (in Chinese)
[2] 何亮.煤液化残渣复合改性沥青制备及其性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.HE Liang. Study on the preparation and performance of asphalt modified by coal liquefaction residue[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[3] 石越峰,季节,索智,等.基于DSR和BBR试验的TLA改性沥青胶浆高低温性能研究[J].公路工程,2016,41(5):72-76.SHI Yue-feng, JI Jie, SUO Zhi, et al. Study on the high-and-low-temperature properties of TLA modified asphalt mortar based on DSR and BBR[J]. Highway Engineering, 2016, 41(5): 72-76. (in Chinese)
[4] 季节,李鹏飞,索智,等.DCLR掺量和粉胶比对沥青胶浆性能的影响分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(2):35-39.JI Jie, LI Peng-fei, SUO Zhi, et al. Analysis of the properties of asphalt mortar affected by DCLR content and filler-asphalt ratio[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2016, 35(2): 35-39. (in Chinese)
[5] JI Jie, WANG Di, SUO Zhi, et al. Study on direct coal liquefaction residue influence on mechanical properties of flexible pavement[J]. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2018, 11(4): 355-362.
[6] 季节,王迪,石越峰,等.煤直接液化残渣改性沥青及其混合料性能评价[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2016,37(4):67-71.JI Jie, WANG Di, SHI Yue-feng, et al. Study on the performances of the DCLR modified asphalt mixtures[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), 2016, 37(4): 67-71. (in Chinese)
[7] ZHU Tan-yong, MA Tao, HUANG Xiao-ming, et al. Evaluating the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures using a simplified tri-axial repeated load test[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 116: 72-78.
[8] QIAO Y N, DAWSON A, HUVSTIG A, et al. Calculating rutting of some thin flexible pavements from repeated load triaxial test data[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2015, 16(6): 467-476.
[9] ZOKAEI-ASHTIANI A, TIRADO C, CARRASCO C, et al. Impact of different approaches to modelling rigid pavement base layers on slab curling stresses[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2016, 17(10): 861-869.
[10] KATICHA S W, FLINTSCH G W, LOULIZI A. Identifying non-linear HMA behaviour from uniaxial creep and dynamic modulus test results[J]. International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties, 2012, 7(5): 380-389.
[11] 李辉,黄晓明,张久鹏,等.基于连续变温的沥青路面车辙模拟分析[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(5):915-920.LI Hui, HUANG Xiao-ming, ZHANG Jiu-peng, et al. Simulation analysis on rutting of asphalt pavements considering consecutive temperature variation[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 37(5): 915-920. (in Chinese)
[12] CHOI S H, SHIN E J, SEONG B S. Simulation of deformation twins and deformation texture in an AZ31 Mg alloy under uniaxial compression[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(12): 4181-4192.
[13] ZHAO G Y, PRISCO M D, VANDEWALLE L. Experimental investigation on uniaxial tensile creep behavior of cracked steel fiber reinforced concrete[J]. Materials and Structures, 2015, 48(10): 3173-3185.
[14] SAEVARSDOTTIR T, ERLINGSSON S. Modelling of responses and rutting profile of a flexible pavement structure in a heavy vehicle simulator test[J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2015, 16(1): 1-18.
[15] 张久鹏,黄晓明,高英,等.沥青混合料永久变形的三轴重复荷载试验方法[J].建筑材料学报,2008,11(5):616-620.ZHANG Jiu-peng, HUANG Xiao-ming, GAO Ying, et al. Triaxial repeated load test method for permanent deformation of asphalt mixture[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2008, 11(5): 616-620. (in Chinese)
[16] 张久鹏,黄晓明,李辉.重复荷载作用下沥青混合料的永久变形[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(3):511-515.ZHANG Jiu-peng, HUANG Xiao-ming, LI Hui. Permanent deformation of asphalt mixture under repeated load[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 38(3): 511-515. (in Chinese)
[17] 张久鹏.基于黏弹性损伤理论的沥青路面车辙研究[D].南京:东南大学,2009.ZHANG Jiu-peng. Research on rutting of asphalt pavement based on viscoelastic-damage mechanics theory[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[18] ZHU Hao-ran, YANG Jun, SHI Xiao, et al. Relationship between repeated triaxial test and Hamburg wheel tracking test on asphalt mixtures[J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2010, 26(1): 117-121.
[19] ZHU Hao-ran, SUN Lu. A viscoelastic-viscoplastic damage constitutive model for asphalt mixtures based on thermodynamics[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2013, 40: 81-100.
[20] 薛国强,黄晓明.沥青混合料永久变形的三轴重复荷载试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(11):1-5.XUE Guo-qiang, HUANG Xiao-ming. Research on permanent deformation of asphalt mixture by triaxial repeated load test[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2009, 26(11): 1-5. (in Chinese)
[21] Applied Research Associates. Guide for mechanistic-empirical pavement design[R]. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 2004.
[22] 李金凤.沥青混合料永久变形的动三轴试验研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2012. LI Jin-feng. Research on dynamic triaxial test of asphalt mixture permanent deformation[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[23] WANG Yuan-yuan, SUN Lu. Pavement performance evaluation of recycled styrene-butadiene-styrene-modified asphalt mixture[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2017, 18(5): 404-413.
[24] JTG E20—2011,公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程[S].JTG E20—2011, standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering[S]. (in Chinese)
[25] JTG E42—2005,公路工程集料试验规程[S].JTG E42—2005, test methods of aggregate for highway engineering[S]. (in Chinese)
[26] 李金凤,梁乃兴,王鑫洋,等.三轴重复荷载作用下AC-13沥青混合料永久变形试验分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2012,31(1):2-5.LI Jin-feng, LIANG Nai-xing, WANG Xin-yang, et al. Analysis of AC-13 asphalt mixture permanent deformation in triaxial repeated load test[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2012, 31(1): 2-5. (in Chinese)
[27] HASSAN R, LIN O, THANANJEYAN A. A comparison between three approaches for modelling deterioration of five pavement surfaces[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2017, 18(1): 26-35.
[28] SARIDE S, RAYABHARAPU V K, VEDPATHAK S. Evaluation of rutting behaviour of geocell reinforced sand subgrades under repeated loading[J]. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2015, 45(4): 378-388.
[29] 周育名,魏建国,时松,等.多聚磷酸及橡胶粉复合改性沥青性能[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(5):9-17.ZHOU Yu-ming, WEI Jian-guo, SHI Song, et al. Properties of composite-modified asphalt with polyphosphoric acid and rubber powder[J]. Journal of Chang'an University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 38(5): 9-17. (in Chinese)
[30] 李达.旧料掺量对温拌再生沥青混合料耐久性的影响分析[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(5):25-31,48.LI Da. Influence of RAP content on durability of warm-mix recycled asphalt mixture[J]. Journal of Chang'an University(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 38(5): 25-31, 48. (in Chinese)
[31] YU Bin, ZHU Hao-ran, GU Xing-yu, et al. Modified repeated load tri-axial test for the high-temperature performance evaluation of HMA[J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2015, 16(4): 784-798.
[32] 王辉,李雪连,张起森.高温重载作用下沥青路面车辙研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(5):139-144.WANG Hui, LI Xue-lian, ZHANG Qi-sen. Rutting in asphalt pavement under heavy load and high temperature[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2009, 42(5): 139-144. (in Chinese)
[2] 何亮.煤液化残渣复合改性沥青制备及其性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.HE Liang. Study on the preparation and performance of asphalt modified by coal liquefaction residue[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[3] 石越峰,季节,索智,等.基于DSR和BBR试验的TLA改性沥青胶浆高低温性能研究[J].公路工程,2016,41(5):72-76.SHI Yue-feng, JI Jie, SUO Zhi, et al. Study on the high-and-low-temperature properties of TLA modified asphalt mortar based on DSR and BBR[J]. Highway Engineering, 2016, 41(5): 72-76. (in Chinese)
[4] 季节,李鹏飞,索智,等.DCLR掺量和粉胶比对沥青胶浆性能的影响分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(2):35-39.JI Jie, LI Peng-fei, SUO Zhi, et al. Analysis of the properties of asphalt mortar affected by DCLR content and filler-asphalt ratio[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2016, 35(2): 35-39. (in Chinese)
[5] JI Jie, WANG Di, SUO Zhi, et al. Study on direct coal liquefaction residue influence on mechanical properties of flexible pavement[J]. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2018, 11(4): 355-362.
[6] 季节,王迪,石越峰,等.煤直接液化残渣改性沥青及其混合料性能评价[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2016,37(4):67-71.JI Jie, WANG Di, SHI Yue-feng, et al. Study on the performances of the DCLR modified asphalt mixtures[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), 2016, 37(4): 67-71. (in Chinese)
[7] ZHU Tan-yong, MA Tao, HUANG Xiao-ming, et al. Evaluating the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures using a simplified tri-axial repeated load test[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 116: 72-78.
[8] QIAO Y N, DAWSON A, HUVSTIG A, et al. Calculating rutting of some thin flexible pavements from repeated load triaxial test data[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2015, 16(6): 467-476.
[9] ZOKAEI-ASHTIANI A, TIRADO C, CARRASCO C, et al. Impact of different approaches to modelling rigid pavement base layers on slab curling stresses[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2016, 17(10): 861-869.
[10] KATICHA S W, FLINTSCH G W, LOULIZI A. Identifying non-linear HMA behaviour from uniaxial creep and dynamic modulus test results[J]. International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties, 2012, 7(5): 380-389.
[11] 李辉,黄晓明,张久鹏,等.基于连续变温的沥青路面车辙模拟分析[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(5):915-920.LI Hui, HUANG Xiao-ming, ZHANG Jiu-peng, et al. Simulation analysis on rutting of asphalt pavements considering consecutive temperature variation[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 37(5): 915-920. (in Chinese)
[12] CHOI S H, SHIN E J, SEONG B S. Simulation of deformation twins and deformation texture in an AZ31 Mg alloy under uniaxial compression[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(12): 4181-4192.
[13] ZHAO G Y, PRISCO M D, VANDEWALLE L. Experimental investigation on uniaxial tensile creep behavior of cracked steel fiber reinforced concrete[J]. Materials and Structures, 2015, 48(10): 3173-3185.
[14] SAEVARSDOTTIR T, ERLINGSSON S. Modelling of responses and rutting profile of a flexible pavement structure in a heavy vehicle simulator test[J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2015, 16(1): 1-18.
[15] 张久鹏,黄晓明,高英,等.沥青混合料永久变形的三轴重复荷载试验方法[J].建筑材料学报,2008,11(5):616-620.ZHANG Jiu-peng, HUANG Xiao-ming, GAO Ying, et al. Triaxial repeated load test method for permanent deformation of asphalt mixture[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2008, 11(5): 616-620. (in Chinese)
[16] 张久鹏,黄晓明,李辉.重复荷载作用下沥青混合料的永久变形[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(3):511-515.ZHANG Jiu-peng, HUANG Xiao-ming, LI Hui. Permanent deformation of asphalt mixture under repeated load[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 38(3): 511-515. (in Chinese)
[17] 张久鹏.基于黏弹性损伤理论的沥青路面车辙研究[D].南京:东南大学,2009.ZHANG Jiu-peng. Research on rutting of asphalt pavement based on viscoelastic-damage mechanics theory[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[18] ZHU Hao-ran, YANG Jun, SHI Xiao, et al. Relationship between repeated triaxial test and Hamburg wheel tracking test on asphalt mixtures[J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), 2010, 26(1): 117-121.
[19] ZHU Hao-ran, SUN Lu. A viscoelastic-viscoplastic damage constitutive model for asphalt mixtures based on thermodynamics[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2013, 40: 81-100.
[20] 薛国强,黄晓明.沥青混合料永久变形的三轴重复荷载试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(11):1-5.XUE Guo-qiang, HUANG Xiao-ming. Research on permanent deformation of asphalt mixture by triaxial repeated load test[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2009, 26(11): 1-5. (in Chinese)
[21] Applied Research Associates. Guide for mechanistic-empirical pavement design[R]. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 2004.
[22] 李金凤.沥青混合料永久变形的动三轴试验研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2012. LI Jin-feng. Research on dynamic triaxial test of asphalt mixture permanent deformation[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[23] WANG Yuan-yuan, SUN Lu. Pavement performance evaluation of recycled styrene-butadiene-styrene-modified asphalt mixture[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2017, 18(5): 404-413.
[24] JTG E20—2011,公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程[S].JTG E20—2011, standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering[S]. (in Chinese)
[25] JTG E42—2005,公路工程集料试验规程[S].JTG E42—2005, test methods of aggregate for highway engineering[S]. (in Chinese)
[26] 李金凤,梁乃兴,王鑫洋,等.三轴重复荷载作用下AC-13沥青混合料永久变形试验分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2012,31(1):2-5.LI Jin-feng, LIANG Nai-xing, WANG Xin-yang, et al. Analysis of AC-13 asphalt mixture permanent deformation in triaxial repeated load test[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2012, 31(1): 2-5. (in Chinese)
[27] HASSAN R, LIN O, THANANJEYAN A. A comparison between three approaches for modelling deterioration of five pavement surfaces[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2017, 18(1): 26-35.
[28] SARIDE S, RAYABHARAPU V K, VEDPATHAK S. Evaluation of rutting behaviour of geocell reinforced sand subgrades under repeated loading[J]. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2015, 45(4): 378-388.
[29] 周育名,魏建国,时松,等.多聚磷酸及橡胶粉复合改性沥青性能[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(5):9-17.ZHOU Yu-ming, WEI Jian-guo, SHI Song, et al. Properties of composite-modified asphalt with polyphosphoric acid and rubber powder[J]. Journal of Chang'an University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 38(5): 9-17. (in Chinese)
[30] 李达.旧料掺量对温拌再生沥青混合料耐久性的影响分析[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(5):25-31,48.LI Da. Influence of RAP content on durability of warm-mix recycled asphalt mixture[J]. Journal of Chang'an University(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 38(5): 25-31, 48. (in Chinese)
[31] YU Bin, ZHU Hao-ran, GU Xing-yu, et al. Modified repeated load tri-axial test for the high-temperature performance evaluation of HMA[J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2015, 16(4): 784-798.
[32] 王辉,李雪连,张起森.高温重载作用下沥青路面车辙研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(5):139-144.WANG Hui, LI Xue-lian, ZHANG Qi-sen. Rutting in asphalt pavement under heavy load and high temperature[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2009, 42(5): 139-144. (in Chinese)