且认他乡作故乡——中国国家博物馆藏《星洲图画》相册考述
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摘要
自宋元以来,不断有中国人移民至南洋,至清末在当地形成了以商人和劳工为基础的华人社会,这些商人和劳工为新马地区的经济发展和城市建设作出了巨大的贡献。中国国家博物馆藏《星洲图画》是由新加坡著名的兰伯特照相馆拍摄的原版照片册,主要反映了19世纪末20世纪初新加坡和马来西亚城市风貌和社会生活,由新加坡华侨刘金榜和陈士杰进贡给当时的清朝统治者,具有极其重要的历史和艺术价值。本文结合海内外资料,通过对该相册摄影者、进献者生平及照片内容的考证,论述了照片背后所蕴含的华人社会风貌及其特点和华侨心系故乡、建设他乡的奋斗历程。
Chinese people had been migrating to Southeast Asia constantly since the Song and Yuan dynasties and formed a Chinese community based on merchants and labours who had made great contribution to the economic development and city construction of Singapore and Malaya areas. Pictures of Singapore collected in National Museum of China is an album of photos taken by photographer G. R. Lambert representing cityscape and social life in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century of Singapore and Malaysia. The album was a tribute to the rulers of the Qing dynasty paid by overseas Chinese Liu Jinbang and Chen Shijie, so it is valuable for its historical and artistic significance. Referring to foreign and domestic documents, the paper makes a study on the content of the photos and the life stories of G. R. Lambert, Liu and Chen to discuss the features of Chinese community and the efforts of overseas Chinese made for their hometown and another country.
Chinese people had been migrating to Southeast Asia constantly since the Song and Yuan dynasties and formed a Chinese community based on merchants and labours who had made great contribution to the economic development and city construction of Singapore and Malaya areas. Pictures of Singapore collected in National Museum of China is an album of photos taken by photographer G. R. Lambert representing cityscape and social life in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century of Singapore and Malaysia. The album was a tribute to the rulers of the Qing dynasty paid by overseas Chinese Liu Jinbang and Chen Shijie, so it is valuable for its historical and artistic significance. Referring to foreign and domestic documents, the paper makes a study on the content of the photos and the life stories of G. R. Lambert, Liu and Chen to discuss the features of Chinese community and the efforts of overseas Chinese made for their hometown and another country.
引文
[1]“Daguerriotype Portraite”,The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser,7 December1843,page 1.
[2]“Notice”,The Singapore Daily Times,May 131867.
[3]Falconer,J.A Vision of the Past:A History of Early Photography in Singapore and Malaya:The Photographs of G.R.Lambert&Co.,1880-1910,Times Editions,page28.
[4]“Advertisements Column 4”,The Straits Times,1893,September 29,page 4;“Advertisements Column 3”,The Straits Times,1902,September8 page 5.资料来源于Newspaper SG.
[5]Wright,A.&Cartwright.H.A.,Twentieth Century Impressions of British Malaya:Its History,People,Commerce,Industries,and Resources,London Lloyd’s Greater Britain Pub.,page 702.
[6]Jason,T,Singapore through 19th Century Photographs,Editions Didier Millet,2009,page23.
[7]Bastin,J.S,Travellers’Singapore:An Anthology,Oxford University Press,1994,page 185.
[8]吴启基:《先贤后代谈往--访刘清银博士谈刘金榜》,《联合早报》1986年9月21日。
[9]Chang C.L,The Chinese Gentry,Studies on Their Role in 19th Century Chinese Societ,University of Washington Press,1955,page 105.
[10]苑书义等编《张之洞全集》第一册,河北人民出版社,1998年,第611-612页。
[11]《劝捐小启》,《叻报》1889年10月17日。
[12]《捐务新章》,《叻报》1887年10月24日。
[13]《章明云都转哀启》,《星报》1893年4月20日。.
[14]柯木林主编《世界福建名人录:新加坡篇》,焦点出版社,2012年,第35页。
[15]Yen Ching-Hwang,“Ching’s Sale of Honours and the Chinese Leadership in Singapore and Malaya(1877-1912)”,Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,Vol.1,No.2,1970,Cambrige University Press,page20-32.
[16]Falconer,J.,page36.
[17]佘有进:《新加坡华人人数、帮派职业概览》,《印度群岛东亚学报》1848年第2卷。
[18]颜清湟著、栗明鲜等译《新马华人社会史》,中国华侨出版公司,1991年,第131-133页。
[19]Buckley,C.B,An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore,1902,Vol.1 page213.
[20]Ng,S.Y,“The Chinese Protectorate in Singapore,1877-1900”,Journal of Southeast Asian History,1961,Vol.2,No.1,Cambridge University Press,page82.
[21]“Death of Mr.Low Kim Pong”,The Straits Times,20 Dec.1909,page7.
[22]宋旺相著、叶书德译《新加坡华人百年史》,新加坡中华总商会,1993年,第41页。
[23]《捐款录闻》,《叻报》1889年2月14日。
[24]《热心公益》,《叻报》1906年12月20日。
[2]“Notice”,The Singapore Daily Times,May 131867.
[3]Falconer,J.A Vision of the Past:A History of Early Photography in Singapore and Malaya:The Photographs of G.R.Lambert&Co.,1880-1910,Times Editions,page28.
[4]“Advertisements Column 4”,The Straits Times,1893,September 29,page 4;“Advertisements Column 3”,The Straits Times,1902,September8 page 5.资料来源于Newspaper SG.
[5]Wright,A.&Cartwright.H.A.,Twentieth Century Impressions of British Malaya:Its History,People,Commerce,Industries,and Resources,London Lloyd’s Greater Britain Pub.,page 702.
[6]Jason,T,Singapore through 19th Century Photographs,Editions Didier Millet,2009,page23.
[7]Bastin,J.S,Travellers’Singapore:An Anthology,Oxford University Press,1994,page 185.
[8]吴启基:《先贤后代谈往--访刘清银博士谈刘金榜》,《联合早报》1986年9月21日。
[9]Chang C.L,The Chinese Gentry,Studies on Their Role in 19th Century Chinese Societ,University of Washington Press,1955,page 105.
[10]苑书义等编《张之洞全集》第一册,河北人民出版社,1998年,第611-612页。
[11]《劝捐小启》,《叻报》1889年10月17日。
[12]《捐务新章》,《叻报》1887年10月24日。
[13]《章明云都转哀启》,《星报》1893年4月20日。.
[14]柯木林主编《世界福建名人录:新加坡篇》,焦点出版社,2012年,第35页。
[15]Yen Ching-Hwang,“Ching’s Sale of Honours and the Chinese Leadership in Singapore and Malaya(1877-1912)”,Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,Vol.1,No.2,1970,Cambrige University Press,page20-32.
[16]Falconer,J.,page36.
[17]佘有进:《新加坡华人人数、帮派职业概览》,《印度群岛东亚学报》1848年第2卷。
[18]颜清湟著、栗明鲜等译《新马华人社会史》,中国华侨出版公司,1991年,第131-133页。
[19]Buckley,C.B,An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore,1902,Vol.1 page213.
[20]Ng,S.Y,“The Chinese Protectorate in Singapore,1877-1900”,Journal of Southeast Asian History,1961,Vol.2,No.1,Cambridge University Press,page82.
[21]“Death of Mr.Low Kim Pong”,The Straits Times,20 Dec.1909,page7.
[22]宋旺相著、叶书德译《新加坡华人百年史》,新加坡中华总商会,1993年,第41页。
[23]《捐款录闻》,《叻报》1889年2月14日。
[24]《热心公益》,《叻报》1906年12月20日。