计及外部性转移机制的绿色证书交易制度效益研究
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摘要
绿色证书交易机制是将火电外部性成本转移至对可再生能源发电正外部性补偿的有效途径。为控制燃煤发电带来的污染物影响,我国设立污染物排放费用的征收标准,对于排污企业进行费用征收。本文联合排污费征收、绿色证书交易机制,并考虑可再生能源发展基金运行产生的财政缺口,进行了外部性转移机制设计。在引入排污费机制,并将排污费缴纳作为燃煤企业核发绿色证书的标准后,可以实现可再生能源发展基金资金缺口的有效填补。论文以华北某地区的机组运营数据为依据形成算例,通过经济、环境效益两方面的分析,证实了所设计机制的有效性。
The green certificate trading mechanism is an effective way to transfer the externality costs of the thermal power generation to the positive external compensation of the renewable energy power generation.To control the pollutants impact brought by coal-fired power generation,China has established a pollutant discharge standard.In this research,the pollutant discharge fee levied,the green certificate trading mechanism,and the fiscal gap created by the operation of the renewable energy development fund are combined together to form an external transfer mechanism.By introducing the external transfer mechanism,the renewable energy development fund gap was found to be effectively filled.The case study is carried out based on the unit operation data a specific area in North China,and the analysis of the economic and environmental benefits confirms the validity of the designed mechanism.
The green certificate trading mechanism is an effective way to transfer the externality costs of the thermal power generation to the positive external compensation of the renewable energy power generation.To control the pollutants impact brought by coal-fired power generation,China has established a pollutant discharge standard.In this research,the pollutant discharge fee levied,the green certificate trading mechanism,and the fiscal gap created by the operation of the renewable energy development fund are combined together to form an external transfer mechanism.By introducing the external transfer mechanism,the renewable energy development fund gap was found to be effectively filled.The case study is carried out based on the unit operation data a specific area in North China,and the analysis of the economic and environmental benefits confirms the validity of the designed mechanism.
引文
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[13]钟宇峰,黄民翔,文福拴,等.计及绿色证书交易机制的大用户直购电市场均衡分析[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(2):144-150.ZHONG Yufeng,HUANG Minxiang,WEN Fushuan,et al.Equilibrium analysis of direct electricity purchase with green certificate mechanism[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(2):144-150.
[14]张晓娣,刘学悦.征收碳税和发展可再生能源研究——基于OLG-CGE模型的增长及福利效应分析[J].中国工业经济,2015(3):18-30.ZHANG Xiaodi,LIU Xueyue.Study on carbon taxation and developing renewable energy——Growth and welfare effects analyses based on OLG-CGE model[J].China Industrial Economics,2015(3):18-30.
[15]刘贞,张希良,高虎.可再生能源发展情景设计及评价研究[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2011,21(7):28-32.LIU Zhen,ZHANG Xiliang,GAO Hu.Study on the design and evaluation of renewable energy development scenarios[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(7):28-32.
[2] XIAO Y P,WANC X F,WANC X I,et al.Behaviors analysis of wind power producer in the electricity market[J].Applied Energy,2016,171:325-335.
[3] WANG T,GONG Y,JIANG C W.A review on promoting share of renewable energy by green-trading mechanisms in power system[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2014,40:923-929.
[4] TAN Z F,NUAN H W,WU Y,et al.Potential and policy issues for sustainable development of wind power in China[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2013,1(3):204-215.
[5] HUANU J,XUE F,SONG X F.Simulation analysis on policy interaction effects between emission trading and renewable energy subsidy[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2013,1(2):195-201.
[6]黄珺仪.可再生能源发电产业电价补贴机制研究[J].价格理论与实践,2016(2):95-98.HUANG Junyi.Research on mechanism and policy of electricity price subsidy for renewable energy generation industry[J].Price Theory&Practice,2016(2):95-98.
[7]张亦弛,刘冠伟,张绚.我国可再生能源发电产业扶持政策研究[J].中外能源,2017(11):34-40.ZHANG Yichi,LIU Guanwei,ZHANG Xuan.Research on policies supporting Chinas renewable energy generation industry[J].Sino-global Energy,2017(11):34-40.
[8] JU L W,LI H H,YU X B,et al.A combined external delivery optimization model for wind power and thermal power considering carbon trading and tradable green certificates based on credibility theory[J].International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2016,78:51-60.
[9] NIELSEN I,JEPPESEN T.Tradable green certificates in selected European countries-overview and assessment[J].Energy Policy,2003,31(1):3-14.
[10] JENSEN S G,SKYTTE K.Interactions between the power and green certificate markets[J].Energy Policy,2002,30(5):425-435.
[11] AMUNDSEN E S,BERUMEN L.Green certificates and market power on the Nordic power market[J].The Energy Journal,2012,33(2):101-107.
[12]任东明.中国可再生能源配额制和实施对策探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(22):25-28.REN Dongming.Chinas renewable portfolio standards and implementing countermeasures[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(22):25-28.
[13]钟宇峰,黄民翔,文福拴,等.计及绿色证书交易机制的大用户直购电市场均衡分析[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(2):144-150.ZHONG Yufeng,HUANG Minxiang,WEN Fushuan,et al.Equilibrium analysis of direct electricity purchase with green certificate mechanism[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(2):144-150.
[14]张晓娣,刘学悦.征收碳税和发展可再生能源研究——基于OLG-CGE模型的增长及福利效应分析[J].中国工业经济,2015(3):18-30.ZHANG Xiaodi,LIU Xueyue.Study on carbon taxation and developing renewable energy——Growth and welfare effects analyses based on OLG-CGE model[J].China Industrial Economics,2015(3):18-30.
[15]刘贞,张希良,高虎.可再生能源发展情景设计及评价研究[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2011,21(7):28-32.LIU Zhen,ZHANG Xiliang,GAO Hu.Study on the design and evaluation of renewable energy development scenarios[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(7):28-32.