超低水头轴流式水轮机反问题设计及水力特性研究
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摘要
基于准三维的反问题设计方法,设计了可用于低水头可再生能源开发的超低水头轴流式水轮机的导叶和转轮叶片.导叶为等厚叶片,转轮叶片采用空化性能良好的NACA 66(MOD)翼型.设计中根据给定的进出口边环量分布及叶片表面载荷分布,在满足无撞击进口水流条件下,计算、调整叶片剖面翼型的拱度和安放角.为了验证设计方法的有效性,还对该轴流式水轮机进行了全流道的三维定常湍流计算.计算结果表明:流道内水流流动平顺,水力损失小,最高效率可以达到92.16%,且在较宽的水头变幅内,水轮机均具有良好的水力性能.
In the paper,the rotor blades and fixed guide vanes of a low head axial-flow water turbine are designed using aquasi-three-dimensional inverse design method.The guide vanes have constant thickness distribution,except close to the leading and the trailing edges.The rotor blade sections are the NACA 66(MOD)with a=0.8 meanline.The camber and the stagger angle of the blade sections are adjusted to fulfill the prescribed circulation distributions at the blade leading and outlet edges,and the blade loading distribution;so the zero-incidence flow angle at the blade leading edge is realized.To validate the design method,the three-dimensional viscous steady flow is simulated through the whole flow passage of the axial-flow water turbine by the FLUENT code.The numerical results show water passes through the passage smoothly with small loss;the highest efficiency is 92.16%;and the water turbine has good hydraulic performance in the wider range of water head.
In the paper,the rotor blades and fixed guide vanes of a low head axial-flow water turbine are designed using aquasi-three-dimensional inverse design method.The guide vanes have constant thickness distribution,except close to the leading and the trailing edges.The rotor blade sections are the NACA 66(MOD)with a=0.8 meanline.The camber and the stagger angle of the blade sections are adjusted to fulfill the prescribed circulation distributions at the blade leading and outlet edges,and the blade loading distribution;so the zero-incidence flow angle at the blade leading edge is realized.To validate the design method,the three-dimensional viscous steady flow is simulated through the whole flow passage of the axial-flow water turbine by the FLUENT code.The numerical results show water passes through the passage smoothly with small loss;the highest efficiency is 92.16%;and the water turbine has good hydraulic performance in the wider range of water head.
引文
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[3]Li H,Hu Z,Chandrashekhara K,et al.Reliabilitybased fatigue life investigation for a medium-scale composite hydrokinetic turbine blade[J].Ocean Engineering,2014,89:230-242.
[4]Tahir Yavuz,Emre Ko,Bahad1rKaynak.Hydrodynamics performance of hydrofoil-slat arrangements in3Danalysis[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2013,75:44-50.
[5]Nicholls-Lee R F,Turnock S R,Boyd S W.Application of bend-twist coupled blades for horizontal axis tidal turbines[J].Renewable Energy,2013,50:541-550.
[6]Grogan D M,Leen S B,Kennedy C R,Brádaigh C M.Design of composite tidal turbine blades[J].Renewable Energy,2013,57:151-162.
[7]余龙,张仕骏,兀丰凯,等.海流发电机翼型研发进展及优化设计研究[J].船舶工程,2014,36(4):1-5.Yu Long,Zhang Shijun,Wu Fengkai,et al.Research&development and optimization design of hydrofoil of marine current turbine[J].Ship Engineering,2014,36(4):1-5.
[8]Yavuz T,Ko9B,Kilkis B,et al.Performance analysis of the airfoil-slat arrangements for hydro and wind turbine applications[J].Renewable Energy,2015,74:414-421.
[9]杨琳,陈乃祥.水力机械转轮三维反问题研究及其新进展[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(1):97-101.Yang Lin,Chen Naixiang.The new research and development of three-dimensional inverse problem of runners of hydraulic machinery[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2004,23(1):97-101.
[10]Bonaiuti D,Zangeneh M,Aartojarvi R,et al.Parametric design of a waterjet pump by means of inverse design,CFD calculation and experimental analyses[J].Journal of Turbomachinery,2010,132(3):1-15.
[11]谭磊,曹树良,桂绍波,等.离心泵叶轮正反问题迭代设计方法[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(7):30-35.Tan Lei,Cao Shuliang,Gui Shaobo,et al.Centrifugal pump impeller design by using direct inverse problem iteration[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(7):30-35.
[12]杨魏,王福军,王宏.离心风机叶片三维反问题优化设计[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(8):105-109.Yang Wei,Wang Fujun,Wang Hong.Aerodynamic optimization design of centrifugal fan blades based on3-D inverse design method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(8):105-109.
[13]王旭鹤,祝宝山,曹树良,等.可逆式水泵水轮机转轮的三维反问题优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(13):78-85.Wang Xuhe,Zhu Baoshan,Cao Shuliang,et al.Optimal design of reversible pump-turbine runner[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(13):78-85.
[14]Tan C S,Hawthorne W R,McCune J E,et al.Theory of blade design for large deflections:Part II—Annular cascades[J].ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,1984,106(2):354-365.
[15]Borges J E.A three-dimensional inverse method for turbomachinery:Part I-Theory[J].ASME Journal of Turbomachinery,1990,112(3):346-354.