基于遗传算法的潮流能水轮机叶片翼型优化设计研究
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摘要
为了得到高性能的潮流能水轮机叶片翼型,本文在分析潮流能水轮机叶片翼型设计方法和设计要求的基础上,以NACA4418翼型为初始翼型,采用儒可夫斯基保角变换的方法对翼型进行参数化建模,以最大升阻比为目标函数,通过设定设计变量、施加约束条件等对初始翼型进行优化设计,采用MATLAB软件编程遗传算法进行全局寻优求解,寻找到最优解后,采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamic)软件Fluent对NACA4418翼型和优化翼型进行翼型绕流数值计算,比较数值计算结果表明,优化翼型相比于初始翼型升力系数和升阻比都有所提高。
Hydrofoil profiles of the blades largely determine the performance of the tidal turbine.To get a tidal turbine hydrofoil with higher performance,optimization was made on a prototype hydrofoil of NACA4418 based on analysis of design method and design requirement of tidal turbine.A parameterized model was built with the method of Joukowski conformal transformation and optimization design was made by using the genetic algorithm with the software MATLAB,in which the global optimal solution was found in that the maximum lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function under setting design variables and constrains.CFD simulation of flow fields around hydrofoil of NACA4418 and the one optimized were respectively conducted by using software FLUENT.Comparison of results shows that the lift coefficient and the lift-to-drag ratio were largely raised by optimization.
Hydrofoil profiles of the blades largely determine the performance of the tidal turbine.To get a tidal turbine hydrofoil with higher performance,optimization was made on a prototype hydrofoil of NACA4418 based on analysis of design method and design requirement of tidal turbine.A parameterized model was built with the method of Joukowski conformal transformation and optimization design was made by using the genetic algorithm with the software MATLAB,in which the global optimal solution was found in that the maximum lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function under setting design variables and constrains.CFD simulation of flow fields around hydrofoil of NACA4418 and the one optimized were respectively conducted by using software FLUENT.Comparison of results shows that the lift coefficient and the lift-to-drag ratio were largely raised by optimization.
引文
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[23]程江涛,陈进,Shen W Z,等.基于噪声的风力机翼型优化设计研究[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(4):558-563.Cheng Jiangtao,Chen Jin,Shen W Z,et al.Optimization Design of Airfoil Profiles Based on the Noise of Wind Turbines[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,33(4):558-563.
[24]琚亚萍,张楚华.基于人工神经网络与遗传算法的风力机翼型优化设计方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(20):106-111.Ju Yaping,Zhang Chuhua.Optimal Design Method for Wind Turbine Airfoil Based on Artificial Neural Network Model and Genetic Algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(20):106-111.
[25]马林静,陈江,杜刚,等.风力机翼型气动特性数值模拟[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(2):203-209.Ma Linjing,Chen Jiang,Du Gang,et al.Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Performance for Wind Turbine Airfoils[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(2):203-20.
[2] Tae J K,Warn G P.Numerical Investigation of Active Control for An S809Wind Turbine Airfoil[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2013,14(6):1037-1041.
[3] Timmer W A,Van R A.Summary of Delft University Wind Turbine dedicated airfoils[J].ASME,2003,125:488-496.
[4] Fuglsang P,Bak C.Development of Riso Wind Turbine Airfoils[J].Wind Energy,2004,7(2):145-162.
[5] Bjork A.Coordinates and Calculations for the FFA-W1-xxx,FFAW2-xxx,FFA-W3-xxx Series of Airfoils for HAWTS[R].Sweden:FFA,1990.
[6]白井艳,杨科,李宏利,等.水平轴风力机专用翼型族设计[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(4):589-592.Bai Jingyan,Yang Ke,Li Hongli,et al.Design of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Airfoil Family[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2010,31(4):589-592.
[7]韩忠华,宋文萍,高永卫.大型风力机翼型族的设计与实验[J].应用数学与力学,2013,34(10):1012-1027.Han Zhonghua,Song Wenping,Gao Yongwei.Design and WindTunnel Verification of Large-Size Wind Turbine Airfoils[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2013,34(10):1012-1027.
[8] Wang Q,Chen J,Pang X P,et al.A New Direct Design Method for the Medium Thickness Wind Turbine Airfoil[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2013,43:287-301.
[9] Goundar J N,Ahmed M R,Lee Y H.Numerical and Experimental Studies on Hydrofoils for Marine Current Turbines[J].Renewable Energy,2012,42:173-179.
[10] Bahaj A S,Molland A F,Chaplin J R.Power and Thrust Measurements of Marine Current Turbines under Various Hydrodynamic Flow Conditions in a Cavitation Tunnel and a Towing Tank[J].Renewable Energy,2007,32(3):407-426.
[11] Grasso F.Design and Optimization of Tidal Turbine Airfoil[J].Journal of Aircraft,2012,49(2):636-643.
[12] Molland A F,Bahaj A S,Chaplin J R.Measurements and Predictions of Forces,Pressures and Cavitation on 2-D Sections Suitable for Marine Current Turbines[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,2004,218(2):127-138.
[13]任毅如,张田田,曾令斌.基于遗传算法的潮流能水轮机翼型优化设计[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(10):59-64.Ren Yiru,Zhang Tiantian,Zeng Lingbin.Tidal Turbine Hydrofoil Design Method Based on Genetic Algorithm[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2015,42(10):59-64.
[14]朱国俊,冯建军,郭鹏程,等.基于径向基神经网络-遗传算法的海流能水轮机叶片翼型优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):65-73.Zhu Guojun,Feng Jianjun,Guo Pengcheng,et al.Optimization of Hydrofoil for Marine Current Turbine Based on Radical Basis Function Neural Network and Genetic algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(8):65-73.
[15]王俭超.水平轴潮流能水轮机叶片设计和模型试验研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.Wang Jianchao.The Blade Design and Experimental Study on Horizontal Axis Turbine Driven by Tidal Current Energy[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011.
[16]黎作武,陈江,陈宝,等.风力机组叶片的先进翼型族设计[J].空气动力学学报,2012,30(1):131-136.Li Zuowu,Chen Jiang,Chen Bao,et al.Design of Advanced Airfoil Families for Wind Turbines[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2012,30(1):131-136.
[17]余龙,张仕骏,兀丰凯,等.海流发电机翼型研发进展及优化设计研究[J].船舶工程,2014,36(4):1-5.Yu Long,Zhang Shijun,Wu Fengkai,et al.Research&Development and Optimization Design of Hydrofoil of Marine Current Turbine[J].Ship Engineering,2014,36(4):1-5.
[18] Wang Q,Wang J,Chen J,et al.Aerodynamic Shape Optimized Design for Wind Turbine Blade Using New Airfoil Series[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2015,29(7):2871-2882.
[19]白井艳.水平轴风力机专用翼型族试验分析及优化设计[D].北京:中国科学院工程热物理研究,2010.Bai Jingyan.The Experimental Analysis,and Optimal Design of Dedicated Airfoil Family for Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines[D].Beijing:Institute of Engineering,Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.
[20] Abbott Ira H,Von Doenhoff Albert E.Theory of Wing Sections[M].New York:Dover Publications,1959.
[21]姜海波,曹树良,李艳茹.水平轴风力机叶片扭角和弦长的理想分布[J].太阳能学报,2013,34(1):1-6.Jiang Haibo,Cao Shuliang,Li Yanru.Optimal Twist and Chord of the Blades of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2013,34(1):1-6.
[22]黄宸武,杨科,刘强,等.CAS风力机叶片外侧翼型粗糙度敏感性分析与优化[J].太阳能学报,2013,34(4):563-567.Huang Chenwu,Yang Ke,Liu Qiang,et al.Roughness Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of CAS Airfoils Used at Outboard Section of Wind Turbine Blade[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2013,34(4):563-567.
[23]程江涛,陈进,Shen W Z,等.基于噪声的风力机翼型优化设计研究[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(4):558-563.Cheng Jiangtao,Chen Jin,Shen W Z,et al.Optimization Design of Airfoil Profiles Based on the Noise of Wind Turbines[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,33(4):558-563.
[24]琚亚萍,张楚华.基于人工神经网络与遗传算法的风力机翼型优化设计方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(20):106-111.Ju Yaping,Zhang Chuhua.Optimal Design Method for Wind Turbine Airfoil Based on Artificial Neural Network Model and Genetic Algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(20):106-111.
[25]马林静,陈江,杜刚,等.风力机翼型气动特性数值模拟[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(2):203-209.Ma Linjing,Chen Jiang,Du Gang,et al.Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Performance for Wind Turbine Airfoils[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(2):203-20.