油茶花、果及春梢生长相关性研究
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摘要
为了掌握油茶"大小年"现象的成因,为油茶的花果平衡调控技术提供依据。研究了5年生、9年生2种不同林龄油茶花、果及春梢生长的相关性,结果表明:(1)花芽数与当年春梢数呈正相关,其中5年生林呈极显著正相关(p<0.01);与当年的植株产果量、座果率呈负相关,其中5年生林分别呈显著(p<0.05)、极显著(p<0.01)负相关。(2)5年生油茶林中只有5%的植株为单株挂果量、花芽数量、座果率较为均衡;30%的植株为单株挂果量较大,当年花芽分化受到明显的抑制;25%的植株为单株挂果量与花芽数量均较少;40%植株为单株挂果量较小,当年花芽数量较多。(3)9年生油茶林中15%植株单株产果量与花芽数均较高,单株挂果为3.98~5.92 kg,花芽数为1 360~1 500个,座果率为18.9%~44.1%;25%的植株单株挂果量较大,花芽数量明显减少;30%植株单株产果量与花芽数均较低,35%的单株产果量较低,花芽数较多。
In order to master the causes of the phenomenon of major or minor year and provide basis for the flower and fruit balance control technology of Camellia oleifera, the correlationof flower bud, fruit and spring shoot growth of 5 years old and 9 years old oil-tea camellia forestry was studied in this paper. the results showed that: the flower buds was positively correlated with spring shoot, which was a significantly positive correlation(p < 0.01) in 5 years old camellia forestry, the flower buds was negatively correlated with fruit production of the same year and fruit set percentage. which were respectively significantly(p < 0.05), highly significantly(p < 0.01) negative correlation in 5 years old camellia forestry. Only 5% of 5 years old plants had more balanced fruit production, flower bud number and fruit set. 30% of 5 years old plants had more fruit production, but the flower bud differentiation was obviously inhibited. 25% of 5 years old plants had both less fruit production and flower buds. 40% of 5 years old plants had less fruit production, but had more flower buds. 15% of 9 years old plants had more fruit production and flower buds, the individual fruit production was 3.98-5.92 kg, flower buds was 1 360-1 500, fruit set percentage was 18.9%-44.1%. 25% of 9 years old plants had more fruit production,but the flower buds was obviously less. 30% of 9 years old plants had both less fruit production and flower buds. 35% of 9 years old plants had both less individual fruit production and flower buds.
In order to master the causes of the phenomenon of major or minor year and provide basis for the flower and fruit balance control technology of Camellia oleifera, the correlationof flower bud, fruit and spring shoot growth of 5 years old and 9 years old oil-tea camellia forestry was studied in this paper. the results showed that: the flower buds was positively correlated with spring shoot, which was a significantly positive correlation(p < 0.01) in 5 years old camellia forestry, the flower buds was negatively correlated with fruit production of the same year and fruit set percentage. which were respectively significantly(p < 0.05), highly significantly(p < 0.01) negative correlation in 5 years old camellia forestry. Only 5% of 5 years old plants had more balanced fruit production, flower bud number and fruit set. 30% of 5 years old plants had more fruit production, but the flower bud differentiation was obviously inhibited. 25% of 5 years old plants had both less fruit production and flower buds. 40% of 5 years old plants had less fruit production, but had more flower buds. 15% of 9 years old plants had more fruit production and flower buds, the individual fruit production was 3.98-5.92 kg, flower buds was 1 360-1 500, fruit set percentage was 18.9%-44.1%. 25% of 9 years old plants had more fruit production,but the flower buds was obviously less. 30% of 9 years old plants had both less fruit production and flower buds. 35% of 9 years old plants had both less individual fruit production and flower buds.
引文
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[13]刘平,温陟良,彭士琪,等.库-源关系对枣树14C-光合产物分配的影响[J].林业科学,2003,39(4):37-42.
[14]袁军,石斌,吴泽龙,等.不同库源关系对油茶光合作用及果实品质的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(8):1287-1292.
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[16]胡冬南,牛德奎,张文元,等.钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):243-248.
[17]曹永庆,任华东,林萍,等.油茶树体对氮磷钾元素年吸收和积累规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):442-448.
[18]罗汉东,朱从飞,张令,等.磷施肥水平对油茶植株营养生长的影响[J].经济林研究,2016,34(4):52-56.
[19]谭晓风,袁德义,袁军,等.维生素C及植物生长调节物质对油茶花粉萌发率的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(6):941-944.
[20]高超,袁德义,袁军,等.花期喷施营养元素及生长调节物质对油茶坐果率的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):0505-0510.
[21]赵海鹊,张乃燕,王东雪,等.几种植物生长调节剂对油茶花期授粉率的影响[J].西部林业科学,2009,38(1):55-57.
[22]王湘南,陈永忠,王瑞,等.不同种源油茶良种花粉活力研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(12):1-5.
[23]梁瑞友,廖文冠,申铠歌,等.小坑林场76株油茶优树的物候期与生长结实特点[J].经济林研究,2016,34(4):86-89.
[2]陈永忠.油茶优良种质资源[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008:1-3.
[3]胡芳名,李建安,吕芳德,等.湖南省油茶产业化现状及发展战略[J].经济林研究,2009,27(4):121-125.
[4]宋同清,曾馥平.油茶果实大小年结果及其生物学特征[J].经济林研究,1991,9(1):28-30.
[5]胡冬南,牛德奎,张文元,等.钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):243-248.
[6]陈永忠,彭邵锋,王湘南,等.油茶高产栽培系列技术研究—配方施肥试验[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(5):650-655.
[7]陈永忠,杨小胡,王湘南,等.油茶树体培育修剪试验[J].经济林研究,2007,25(2):39-41.
[8]国家油茶科学中心.油茶高效实用栽培技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[9]陈永忠.油茶栽培技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[10]何学友,蔡守平,谢一青.不同叶面积损失对油茶产量及品质的影响[J].林业科学,2013,45(9):86-90.
[11]胡玉玲,姚小华,张山,等.油茶花器官形成过程花芽与叶片生理生化变化[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(3):412-417.
[12]Graham I A,Martin T.Control of photosynthesis,allocationand partitioning by sugar regulated gene expression[C]//Richard C L,Thomas D S,Susanne V C.Photosynthesis:Physiology and Metabolism.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2000.
[13]刘平,温陟良,彭士琪,等.库-源关系对枣树14C-光合产物分配的影响[J].林业科学,2003,39(4):37-42.
[14]袁军,石斌,吴泽龙,等.不同库源关系对油茶光合作用及果实品质的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(8):1287-1292.
[15]Proietti P.Changes in photosynthesis and fruit characteristicsin olive in response to assimilate availability[J].Photosynthetica,2003,41(4):559-564.
[16]胡冬南,牛德奎,张文元,等.钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):243-248.
[17]曹永庆,任华东,林萍,等.油茶树体对氮磷钾元素年吸收和积累规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):442-448.
[18]罗汉东,朱从飞,张令,等.磷施肥水平对油茶植株营养生长的影响[J].经济林研究,2016,34(4):52-56.
[19]谭晓风,袁德义,袁军,等.维生素C及植物生长调节物质对油茶花粉萌发率的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(6):941-944.
[20]高超,袁德义,袁军,等.花期喷施营养元素及生长调节物质对油茶坐果率的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):0505-0510.
[21]赵海鹊,张乃燕,王东雪,等.几种植物生长调节剂对油茶花期授粉率的影响[J].西部林业科学,2009,38(1):55-57.
[22]王湘南,陈永忠,王瑞,等.不同种源油茶良种花粉活力研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(12):1-5.
[23]梁瑞友,廖文冠,申铠歌,等.小坑林场76株油茶优树的物候期与生长结实特点[J].经济林研究,2016,34(4):86-89.