燃煤过程中Na对微细颗粒物生成特性的影响——合成焦炭法
|
摘要
以合成焦炭为载体,研究不同种类的钠元素在煤粉燃烧过程中对微细颗粒物生成特性的影响,并通过向载体中添加煤中常见的矿物元素的氧化物(SiO_2、Al_2O_3),反映煤粉燃烧过程中钠与煤中常规矿物的相互作用。结果表明,无机水溶性钠更容易生成稳定的亚微米颗粒物;在缺少氯元素的情况下,有机态钠更容易与煤中的超微米硅铝矿物反应;化学反应和物理捕捉是硅铝矿物捕捉钠元素的两种方式,其中,对于PM1-10的硅铝矿物颗粒,化学反应固定的钠含量是物理捕捉过程的2.4倍。
Synthetic char was used as the mineral carrier to study the characteristic of fine particulates formation during coal combustion. The silica oxide and aluminum oxide were added to synthetic char to study the interaction between sodium and common minerals in coal. The results show that the inorganic water-soluble sodium is more likely to form stable fine particles,while organic sodium is preferred to react with silica and aluminum compounds in the absence of chlorine. Chemical reactions and physical capture are two main ways for sodium capture by silica,aluminum compounds. The sodium captured through chemical reactions is 2.4 times that by physical way.
Synthetic char was used as the mineral carrier to study the characteristic of fine particulates formation during coal combustion. The silica oxide and aluminum oxide were added to synthetic char to study the interaction between sodium and common minerals in coal. The results show that the inorganic water-soluble sodium is more likely to form stable fine particles,while organic sodium is preferred to react with silica and aluminum compounds in the absence of chlorine. Chemical reactions and physical capture are two main ways for sodium capture by silica,aluminum compounds. The sodium captured through chemical reactions is 2.4 times that by physical way.
引文
[1]陈川,张守玉,施大钟,刘大海.准东煤脱钠提质研究[J].煤炭转化,2013,36(4):14-18.(CHEN Chuan,ZHANG Shou-yu,SHI Da-zhong,LIU Da-hai.Study on sodium removal for zhundong coal upgrading[J].Coal Convers,2013,36(4):14-18.)
[2]齐晓宾,宋国良,宋维健,吕清刚.准东高碱煤气化过程中碱金属迁移与结渣特性实验研究[J].燃料化学学报,2015,43(8):906-913.(QI Xiao-bin,SONG Guo-liang,SONG Wei-jian,LQing-gang.Alkali metal migration and slagging characteristic during Zhundong highalkali coal gasification[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2015,43(8):906-913.)
[3]周永刚,范建勇,李培,王炳辉,赵虹.高碱金属准东煤结渣特性试验[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2014,48(11):2061-2065+2093.(ZHOU Yong-gang,FAN Jian-yong,LI Pei,WANG Bin-hui,ZHAO Hong.Slagging characteristic of high alkalis Zhundong coal[J].J Zhejiang Univ(Eng Sci),2014,48(11):2061-2065+2093.)
[4]张玉魁,张海霞,朱治平.准东煤流化床气化飞灰的理化特性研究[J].燃料化学学报,2016,44(3):305-313.(ZHANG Yu-kui,ZHANG Hai-xia,ZHU Zhi-ping.Physical and chemical properties of fly ash from fluidized bed gasification of Zhundong coal[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2016,44(3):305-313.)
[5]杨少波,宋国良,宋维健,齐晓宾.不同反应气氛下准东高钠煤中钠的迁移转化与积灰特性[J].燃料化学学报,2016,44(9):1051-1058.(YANG Shao-bo,SONG Guo-liang,SONG Wei-jian,QI Xiao-bin.Transformation and deposition characteristics of sodium in Zhundong high sodium coal under different reaction atmospheres[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2016,44(9):1051-1058.)
[6]RUAN R H,TAN H Z,WANG X B,LI Y,LI S S,HU Z F,WEI B,YANG T.Characteristics of fine particulate matter formation during combustion of lignite riched in AAEM(alkali and alkaline earth metals)and sulfur[J].Fuel,2018,211:206-213.
[7]杨毅红,陶俊,朱李华,张智胜,王启元,曹军骥.中国西部背景地区PM2.5化学组分特征及其对大气散射系数的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1216-1226.(YANG Yi-hong,TAO Jun,ZHU Li-hua,ZHANG Zhi-sheng,WANG Qi-yuan,CAO Jun-ji.Characterization of chemical compositions of PM2.5and its impact on scattering coefficients at a background site over Western China[J].J Environ Sci,2017,37(4):1216-1226.)
[8]郭帅,蒋云峰,熊青安,宋双双,赵建涛,房倚天.准东煤热解过程中不同赋存形态钠变迁规律的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2017,45(3):257-264.(GUO Shuai,JIANG Yun-feng,XIONG Qing-an,SONG Shuang-shuang,ZHAO Jian-tao,FANG Yi-tian.Release and transformation behaviors of sodium species w ith different occurrence modes during pyrolysis of Zhundong coal[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2017,45(3):257-264.)
[9]刘小伟,徐明厚,姚洪,于敦喜,吕当振,张会兴.煤中钠元素赋存形态对亚微米颗粒物形成的影响研究[J].工程热物理学报,2009,30(9):1589-1592.(LIU Xiao-wei,XU Ming-hou,YAO Hong,YU Dun-xi,LV Dang-zhen,ZHANG Hui-xing.Study of occurrence mode of sodium effect on the submicron ash particle formation during coal combustion[J].J Eng Thermophys,2009,30(9):1589-1592.)
[10]杨明,陈明华,谷红伟.逐级提取法研究新疆高钠煤中碱金属赋存形态[J].煤质技术,2014,(6):8-11.(YANG Ming,CHEN Ming-hua,GU Hong-wei.Study on the occurrence of alkali metal in high sodium Xing Jiang coal by sequential extraction[J].Coal Qual Technol,2014,(6):8-11.)
[11]祁慧,赵永椿,姚斌,张军营,郑楚光.水洗脱除准东煤中水溶性钠的影响因素分析[J].热力发电,2015,44(9):14-18.(QI Hui,ZHAO Yong-chun,YAO Bin,ZHANG Jun-ying,ZHENG Chu-guang.Influence factors of removing water soluble sodium in Zhundong coal by w ater w ashing[J].Therm Pow er Gener,2015,44(9):14-18.)
[12]GAO X P,RAHIM M U,CHEN X X,WU H W.Significant contribution of organically-bound Mg,Ca,and Fe to inorganic PM 10 emission during the combustion of pulverized Victorian brow n coal[J].Fuel,2014,117:825-832.
[13]HELBLE J J.Mechanisms of ash particle formation and growth during pulverized coal combustion[D].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1987.
[14]GRAHAM K A.Submicron ash formation and interaction with sulfur oxides during pulverized coal combustion[D].Massachusetts:M assachusetts Institute of Technology,1991.
[15]XU Y S,LIU X W,ZHOU Z J,SHENG L,WANG C,XU M H.The role of steam in silica vaporization and ultrafine particulate matter formation during w et oxy-coal combustion[J].Appl Energy,2014,133(15):144-151.
[16]SI J P,LIU X W,XU M H,SHENG L,ZHOU Z J,WANG C,ZHANG Y,SEO Y C.Effect of kaolin additive on PM 2.5 reduction during pulverized coal combustion:Importance of sodium and its occurrence in coal[J].Appl Energy,2014,114:434-444.
[17]LEVENDIS Y A,JOSHI K,KHATAMI R,SAROFIM A F.Combustion behavior in air of single particles from three different coal ranks and from sugarcane bagasse[J].Combust Flame,2011,158(3):452-465.
[18]冯莉,于晓慧,刘祥春,赵迎亚.除灰处理对胜利褐煤的结构及燃烧特性的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(02):319-325.(FENG Li,YU Xiao-hui,LIU Xiang-chun,ZHAO Ying-ya.Effects of ash removal on the structure and combustion characteristic of Shengli lignite[J].J China Uni M in Technol,2015,44(02):319-325.)
[19]WANG X B,RUAN R H,YANG T,ADEOSUN Adewale,ZHANG L M,WEI B,TAN H Z,AXELBAUM R L.Sulfate removal by kaolin addition to address fouling in a full-scale furnace burning high-alkaline Zhundong coal[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31(11):12823-12830.
[20]QUANN R J.Ash vaporization under simulated pulverized coal combustion conditions[D].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1982.
[21]KNUDSEN J N,JEN SEN P A,DAM Johansen K.Transformation and release to the gas phase of Cl,K,and S during combustion of annual biomass[J].Energy Fuels,2004,18(5):1385-1399.
[22]LI R B,CHEN Q,ZHANG H X.Detailed investigation on sodium(Na)species release and transformation mechanism during pyrolysis and char gasification of high-Na Zhundong coal[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31(6):5902-5912.
[23]XU Y S,LIU X W,ZHANG P H,GUO J Z,HAN J K,ZHOU Z J,XU M H.Role of chlorine in ultrafine particulate matter formation during the combustion of a blend of high-Cl coal and low-Cl coal[J].Fuel,2016,184(15):185-191.
[2]齐晓宾,宋国良,宋维健,吕清刚.准东高碱煤气化过程中碱金属迁移与结渣特性实验研究[J].燃料化学学报,2015,43(8):906-913.(QI Xiao-bin,SONG Guo-liang,SONG Wei-jian,LQing-gang.Alkali metal migration and slagging characteristic during Zhundong highalkali coal gasification[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2015,43(8):906-913.)
[3]周永刚,范建勇,李培,王炳辉,赵虹.高碱金属准东煤结渣特性试验[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2014,48(11):2061-2065+2093.(ZHOU Yong-gang,FAN Jian-yong,LI Pei,WANG Bin-hui,ZHAO Hong.Slagging characteristic of high alkalis Zhundong coal[J].J Zhejiang Univ(Eng Sci),2014,48(11):2061-2065+2093.)
[4]张玉魁,张海霞,朱治平.准东煤流化床气化飞灰的理化特性研究[J].燃料化学学报,2016,44(3):305-313.(ZHANG Yu-kui,ZHANG Hai-xia,ZHU Zhi-ping.Physical and chemical properties of fly ash from fluidized bed gasification of Zhundong coal[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2016,44(3):305-313.)
[5]杨少波,宋国良,宋维健,齐晓宾.不同反应气氛下准东高钠煤中钠的迁移转化与积灰特性[J].燃料化学学报,2016,44(9):1051-1058.(YANG Shao-bo,SONG Guo-liang,SONG Wei-jian,QI Xiao-bin.Transformation and deposition characteristics of sodium in Zhundong high sodium coal under different reaction atmospheres[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2016,44(9):1051-1058.)
[6]RUAN R H,TAN H Z,WANG X B,LI Y,LI S S,HU Z F,WEI B,YANG T.Characteristics of fine particulate matter formation during combustion of lignite riched in AAEM(alkali and alkaline earth metals)and sulfur[J].Fuel,2018,211:206-213.
[7]杨毅红,陶俊,朱李华,张智胜,王启元,曹军骥.中国西部背景地区PM2.5化学组分特征及其对大气散射系数的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1216-1226.(YANG Yi-hong,TAO Jun,ZHU Li-hua,ZHANG Zhi-sheng,WANG Qi-yuan,CAO Jun-ji.Characterization of chemical compositions of PM2.5and its impact on scattering coefficients at a background site over Western China[J].J Environ Sci,2017,37(4):1216-1226.)
[8]郭帅,蒋云峰,熊青安,宋双双,赵建涛,房倚天.准东煤热解过程中不同赋存形态钠变迁规律的研究[J].燃料化学学报,2017,45(3):257-264.(GUO Shuai,JIANG Yun-feng,XIONG Qing-an,SONG Shuang-shuang,ZHAO Jian-tao,FANG Yi-tian.Release and transformation behaviors of sodium species w ith different occurrence modes during pyrolysis of Zhundong coal[J].J Fuel Chem Technol,2017,45(3):257-264.)
[9]刘小伟,徐明厚,姚洪,于敦喜,吕当振,张会兴.煤中钠元素赋存形态对亚微米颗粒物形成的影响研究[J].工程热物理学报,2009,30(9):1589-1592.(LIU Xiao-wei,XU Ming-hou,YAO Hong,YU Dun-xi,LV Dang-zhen,ZHANG Hui-xing.Study of occurrence mode of sodium effect on the submicron ash particle formation during coal combustion[J].J Eng Thermophys,2009,30(9):1589-1592.)
[10]杨明,陈明华,谷红伟.逐级提取法研究新疆高钠煤中碱金属赋存形态[J].煤质技术,2014,(6):8-11.(YANG Ming,CHEN Ming-hua,GU Hong-wei.Study on the occurrence of alkali metal in high sodium Xing Jiang coal by sequential extraction[J].Coal Qual Technol,2014,(6):8-11.)
[11]祁慧,赵永椿,姚斌,张军营,郑楚光.水洗脱除准东煤中水溶性钠的影响因素分析[J].热力发电,2015,44(9):14-18.(QI Hui,ZHAO Yong-chun,YAO Bin,ZHANG Jun-ying,ZHENG Chu-guang.Influence factors of removing water soluble sodium in Zhundong coal by w ater w ashing[J].Therm Pow er Gener,2015,44(9):14-18.)
[12]GAO X P,RAHIM M U,CHEN X X,WU H W.Significant contribution of organically-bound Mg,Ca,and Fe to inorganic PM 10 emission during the combustion of pulverized Victorian brow n coal[J].Fuel,2014,117:825-832.
[13]HELBLE J J.Mechanisms of ash particle formation and growth during pulverized coal combustion[D].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1987.
[14]GRAHAM K A.Submicron ash formation and interaction with sulfur oxides during pulverized coal combustion[D].Massachusetts:M assachusetts Institute of Technology,1991.
[15]XU Y S,LIU X W,ZHOU Z J,SHENG L,WANG C,XU M H.The role of steam in silica vaporization and ultrafine particulate matter formation during w et oxy-coal combustion[J].Appl Energy,2014,133(15):144-151.
[16]SI J P,LIU X W,XU M H,SHENG L,ZHOU Z J,WANG C,ZHANG Y,SEO Y C.Effect of kaolin additive on PM 2.5 reduction during pulverized coal combustion:Importance of sodium and its occurrence in coal[J].Appl Energy,2014,114:434-444.
[17]LEVENDIS Y A,JOSHI K,KHATAMI R,SAROFIM A F.Combustion behavior in air of single particles from three different coal ranks and from sugarcane bagasse[J].Combust Flame,2011,158(3):452-465.
[18]冯莉,于晓慧,刘祥春,赵迎亚.除灰处理对胜利褐煤的结构及燃烧特性的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(02):319-325.(FENG Li,YU Xiao-hui,LIU Xiang-chun,ZHAO Ying-ya.Effects of ash removal on the structure and combustion characteristic of Shengli lignite[J].J China Uni M in Technol,2015,44(02):319-325.)
[19]WANG X B,RUAN R H,YANG T,ADEOSUN Adewale,ZHANG L M,WEI B,TAN H Z,AXELBAUM R L.Sulfate removal by kaolin addition to address fouling in a full-scale furnace burning high-alkaline Zhundong coal[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31(11):12823-12830.
[20]QUANN R J.Ash vaporization under simulated pulverized coal combustion conditions[D].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1982.
[21]KNUDSEN J N,JEN SEN P A,DAM Johansen K.Transformation and release to the gas phase of Cl,K,and S during combustion of annual biomass[J].Energy Fuels,2004,18(5):1385-1399.
[22]LI R B,CHEN Q,ZHANG H X.Detailed investigation on sodium(Na)species release and transformation mechanism during pyrolysis and char gasification of high-Na Zhundong coal[J].Energy Fuels,2017,31(6):5902-5912.
[23]XU Y S,LIU X W,ZHANG P H,GUO J Z,HAN J K,ZHOU Z J,XU M H.Role of chlorine in ultrafine particulate matter formation during the combustion of a blend of high-Cl coal and low-Cl coal[J].Fuel,2016,184(15):185-191.