微润管布设方式和施肥水平对蓝莓生长及光合特性的影响
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摘要
为探明微润灌溉与施肥对蓝莓(夏普蓝)生长发育及光合特性的影响,通过小区试验,研究了微润管水平布置(LM)、微润管竖插布置(UM)和微润管圆形布置(RM) 3种布设方式和0 g·株~(-1)(F_0)、10 g·株~(-1)(F_1)、20 g·株~(-1)(F_2)和30 g·株~(-1)(F3) 4个施肥水平对蓝莓生长、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、干物质累积和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与LM相比,UM增加蓝莓P_n、T_r、干物质累积量和水分利用效率分别为21.47%、16.67%、16.90%和27.35%,RM分别增加24.82%、38.66%、39.66%和44.35%,并且RM显著增加株高、地茎、新枝长度和叶绿素含量;随着施肥量增加,蓝莓株高、地茎、新枝长度和叶绿素含量均先增加后减少;与F_0相比,F_2处理提高P_n、T_r、干物质累积量和水分利用效率分别为14.74%、13.49%、22.62%和21.09%;与LMF_0相比,LMF_2、UMF_2、RMF_2处理干物质累积量分别增加17.53%、40.58%、61.14%,水分利用效率分别增加17.53%、53.14%、66.55%;从高效节水的角度考虑,蓝莓的最佳微润灌溉和施肥组合模式为RMF_2。
The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Sharpblue'blueberry under different treatments of moistube irrigation and fertilization. The experiment followed a randomized block design,with three moistube patterns( LM: level setting of moistube,UM: upright setting of moistube,RM: round setting of moistube) and four fertilization levels( F_0: 0 g·plant~(-1),F_1: 10 g·plant~(-1),F_2: 20 g·plant~(-1)and F3: 30 g·plant~(-1)).We examined the effects of different moistube patterns and fertilization levels on the growth,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic( P_n),transpiration rate( T_r),dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency of blueberry. The results showed that compared with LM treatment,UM increased P_n,T_r,dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency by 21. 47%,16. 67%,16.90% and 27.35%,while RM increased those variables by 24. 82%,38. 66%,39. 66% and44.35%,respectively. RM treatment significantly increased plant height,stem diameter,new shoot length,and chlorophyll content of blueberry. With increasing fertilization levels,plant height,stem diameter,new shoot length and chlorophyll content of blueberry first increased and then decreased. Compared with F_0 treatment,F_2increased P_n,T_r,dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency by 14. 74%,13. 49%,22. 62% and 21. 09%,respectively. Compared with LMF_0 treatment,the dry matter accumulation of LMF_2,UMF_2 and RMF_2was increased by17.53%,40.58% and 61.14%,and water use efficiency was increased by 17.53%,53.14% and66.55%,respectively. From the perspective of high efficiency and water saving,RMF_2 was the best combination of moistube irrigation and fertilization.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Sharpblue'blueberry under different treatments of moistube irrigation and fertilization. The experiment followed a randomized block design,with three moistube patterns( LM: level setting of moistube,UM: upright setting of moistube,RM: round setting of moistube) and four fertilization levels( F_0: 0 g·plant~(-1),F_1: 10 g·plant~(-1),F_2: 20 g·plant~(-1)and F3: 30 g·plant~(-1)).We examined the effects of different moistube patterns and fertilization levels on the growth,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic( P_n),transpiration rate( T_r),dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency of blueberry. The results showed that compared with LM treatment,UM increased P_n,T_r,dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency by 21. 47%,16. 67%,16.90% and 27.35%,while RM increased those variables by 24. 82%,38. 66%,39. 66% and44.35%,respectively. RM treatment significantly increased plant height,stem diameter,new shoot length,and chlorophyll content of blueberry. With increasing fertilization levels,plant height,stem diameter,new shoot length and chlorophyll content of blueberry first increased and then decreased. Compared with F_0 treatment,F_2increased P_n,T_r,dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency by 14. 74%,13. 49%,22. 62% and 21. 09%,respectively. Compared with LMF_0 treatment,the dry matter accumulation of LMF_2,UMF_2 and RMF_2was increased by17.53%,40.58% and 61.14%,and water use efficiency was increased by 17.53%,53.14% and66.55%,respectively. From the perspective of high efficiency and water saving,RMF_2 was the best combination of moistube irrigation and fertilization.
引文
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杜尧东,李键陵,王华,等.2012.高温胁迫对水稻剑叶光合和叶绿素荧光特征的影响.生态学杂志,30(10):2541-2548.
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李娟,安锋,林位夫,等.2016.不同氮磷钾肥用量对五指毛桃叶绿素含量的影响.核农学报,30(1):193-200.
李伏生,康绍忠.2002.CO2浓度和氮素水平对春小麦水分利用效率的影响.作物学报,28(6):835-840.
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孙卫红,王伟青,孟庆伟,等.2005.植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的作用机制、酶学及分子特征.植物生理学报,41(2):143-147.
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薛万来,牛文全,张子卓,等.2013.微润灌溉对日光温室番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响.干旱地区农业研究,31(6):61-66.
杨启良,张富仓,刘小刚.2009.根系分区交替滴灌对苹果幼苗生理特性和水分利用效率的影响.西北植物学报,29(7):1364-1372.
余小弟,刘小刚,朱益飞,等.2017.土壤质地和供水压力对竖插式微润管入渗的影响.排灌机械工程学报,35(1):71-79.
张俊,牛文全,张琳琳,等.2012.微润灌溉线源入渗湿润体特性试验研究.中国水土保持科学,10(6):32-38.
张悦,张会慧,周琳,等.2015.控水灌溉对蓝莓园土壤养分和植株生长与叶绿素荧光及果实品质的影响.湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,41(5):503-507.
张明智,牛文全,路振广,等.2018.微润灌对冬小麦生长和水分利用效率的影响.灌溉排水学报,37(1):8-15.
张仁陟,李小刚,胡恒觉.1999.施肥对提高旱地农田水分利用效率的机理.植物营养与肥料学报,5(3):221-226.
张岁岐,山仑.2002.植物水分利用效率及其研究进展.干旱地区农业研究,20(4):1-5.
周琳,张会慧,魏殿文,等.2015.控水灌溉和覆膜对蓝莓植株生长特性的影响.中国农学通报,31(19):67-73.
周琳,张会慧,魏殿文,等.2015.施肥对蓝莓植株生长、叶片叶绿素荧光特性和果实品质的影响.植物研究,35(6):854-859.
邹小阳,全天惠,周梦娜,等.2017.微润灌溉技术研究进展及展望.水土保持通报,37(4):150-155.
Li C,Feng J,Huang WY,et al.2013.Composition of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of rabbiteye blueberry(Vaccinium ashei)in Nanjing.Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,61:523-531.
Mingeau M,Perrier C,Améglio T,et al.2001.Evidence of drought-sensitive periods from flowering to maturity on highbush blueberry.Scientia Horticulturae,89:23-40.
Muraoka H,Tang YH,Terashima I,et al.2010.Contributions of diffusional limitation,photoinhibition and photorespiration to midday depression of photosynthesis in Arisaema heterophyllum in natural high light.Plant,Cell&Environment,23:235-250.
Paltineanu C,Coman M,Nicolae S,et al.2018.Root system distribution of highbush blueberry crops of various ages in medium-textured soils.Erwerbs-Obstbau,60:187-193.
杜尧东,李键陵,王华,等.2012.高温胁迫对水稻剑叶光合和叶绿素荧光特征的影响.生态学杂志,30(10):2541-2548.
何玉琴,成自勇,张芮,等.2012.不同微润灌溉处理对玉米生长和产量的影响.华南农业大学学报,33(4):566-569.
李娟,安锋,林位夫,等.2016.不同氮磷钾肥用量对五指毛桃叶绿素含量的影响.核农学报,30(1):193-200.
李伏生,康绍忠.2002.CO2浓度和氮素水平对春小麦水分利用效率的影响.作物学报,28(6):835-840.
刘小刚,徐航,程金焕,等.2014.水肥耦合对小粒咖啡苗木生长和水分利用的影响.浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,40(1):33-40.
乔建磊,李怡,王程翰,等.2017.不同滴灌方式对温室蓝莓叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响.中国农村水利水电,(9):5-9.
孙卫红,王伟青,孟庆伟,等.2005.植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的作用机制、酶学及分子特征.植物生理学报,41(2):143-147.
谭钺,王茂生,吕勐,等.2015.土壤环境对蓝莓生长的影响及改善措施.山东农业科学,47(3):80-84.
薛万来,牛文全,张子卓,等.2013.微润灌溉对日光温室番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响.干旱地区农业研究,31(6):61-66.
杨启良,张富仓,刘小刚.2009.根系分区交替滴灌对苹果幼苗生理特性和水分利用效率的影响.西北植物学报,29(7):1364-1372.
余小弟,刘小刚,朱益飞,等.2017.土壤质地和供水压力对竖插式微润管入渗的影响.排灌机械工程学报,35(1):71-79.
张俊,牛文全,张琳琳,等.2012.微润灌溉线源入渗湿润体特性试验研究.中国水土保持科学,10(6):32-38.
张悦,张会慧,周琳,等.2015.控水灌溉对蓝莓园土壤养分和植株生长与叶绿素荧光及果实品质的影响.湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,41(5):503-507.
张明智,牛文全,路振广,等.2018.微润灌对冬小麦生长和水分利用效率的影响.灌溉排水学报,37(1):8-15.
张仁陟,李小刚,胡恒觉.1999.施肥对提高旱地农田水分利用效率的机理.植物营养与肥料学报,5(3):221-226.
张岁岐,山仑.2002.植物水分利用效率及其研究进展.干旱地区农业研究,20(4):1-5.
周琳,张会慧,魏殿文,等.2015.控水灌溉和覆膜对蓝莓植株生长特性的影响.中国农学通报,31(19):67-73.
周琳,张会慧,魏殿文,等.2015.施肥对蓝莓植株生长、叶片叶绿素荧光特性和果实品质的影响.植物研究,35(6):854-859.
邹小阳,全天惠,周梦娜,等.2017.微润灌溉技术研究进展及展望.水土保持通报,37(4):150-155.
Li C,Feng J,Huang WY,et al.2013.Composition of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of rabbiteye blueberry(Vaccinium ashei)in Nanjing.Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,61:523-531.
Mingeau M,Perrier C,Améglio T,et al.2001.Evidence of drought-sensitive periods from flowering to maturity on highbush blueberry.Scientia Horticulturae,89:23-40.
Muraoka H,Tang YH,Terashima I,et al.2010.Contributions of diffusional limitation,photoinhibition and photorespiration to midday depression of photosynthesis in Arisaema heterophyllum in natural high light.Plant,Cell&Environment,23:235-250.
Paltineanu C,Coman M,Nicolae S,et al.2018.Root system distribution of highbush blueberry crops of various ages in medium-textured soils.Erwerbs-Obstbau,60:187-193.