轧制成形与挤压成形2A12铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜性能对比研究
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摘要
目的通过对轧制成形与挤压成形2A12铝合金金相组织结构与成分的对比研究,获得两种成形方式下的铝合金经过硬质阳极氧化后膜层性能产生差异的原因。方法利用Keller试剂腐蚀基材试样,通过金相显微镜观察腐蚀形貌并分析结构差异。利用场发射电子显微镜、能谱仪、显微硬度计、Tafel极化曲线和摩擦磨损试验仪,对轧制成形与挤压成形2A12铝合金基材组织结构及氧化膜的微观形貌、成分、硬度、耐蚀性和耐磨性进行分析。结果挤压成形2A12铝合金内部组织析出相破碎程度较大,存在大量微孔以及由于析出相脱落而残留的坑洞,而轧制成形2A12铝合金组织结构较为致密平整,其制备的硬质阳极氧化膜厚度为66.03μm,硬度为457.26 HV,粗糙度为0.98μm,磨损量为0.0149 mg,比挤压成形2A12铝合金制备的氧化膜厚度高出4.11μm,硬度高出221.10HV,粗糙度降低了0.94μm,磨损量低0.7208 mg。结论 2A12铝合金经过轧制成形后,其内部组织更均匀致密,析出相破碎率低,在相同工艺条件下,制备的硬质阳极氧化膜综合性能更优异。
The work aims to find out the reasons for the difference of film properties after hard anodic oxidation of aluminum alloy under the two forming ways by comparing the metallographic structure and composition of 2 A12 aluminum alloy formed by rolling and extrusion. Keller reagent was used to corrode the substrate specimen, the corrosion morphology was observed by metallographic microscope and the structural differences were analyzed. Field emission electron microscope, energy spectrometer, microhardness tester, Tafel polarization curve and friction and wear tester were applied to analyze the organization structure, microstructure, composition, hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of 2 A12 aluminum alloy substrate formed by rolling and extrusion. The precipitated phase inside the extruded 2 A12 aluminum alloy metallographic structure was broken to a large extent, and had a large number of micropores and residual pits due to the precipitated phase falling off. However, the rolled 2 A12 aluminum alloy had a compact and flat structure, and the thickness of hard anodic oxide film was 66.03μm, hardness was 457.26 HV, roughness was 0.98 μm and abrasion loss was 0.0149 mg, which were respectively 4.11 μm higher than the thickness of the oxide film prepared by extrusion 2 A12 aluminum alloy, 221.10 HV higher for the hardness, 0.94 μm lower for the roughness, and 0.7208 lower for the abrasion loss. 2 A12 aluminum alloy formed by rolling has more uniform and compact internal structure, and low broken rate of precipitated phase. Under the same process conditions, the prepared hard anodic oxide film has better comprehensive performance.
The work aims to find out the reasons for the difference of film properties after hard anodic oxidation of aluminum alloy under the two forming ways by comparing the metallographic structure and composition of 2 A12 aluminum alloy formed by rolling and extrusion. Keller reagent was used to corrode the substrate specimen, the corrosion morphology was observed by metallographic microscope and the structural differences were analyzed. Field emission electron microscope, energy spectrometer, microhardness tester, Tafel polarization curve and friction and wear tester were applied to analyze the organization structure, microstructure, composition, hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of 2 A12 aluminum alloy substrate formed by rolling and extrusion. The precipitated phase inside the extruded 2 A12 aluminum alloy metallographic structure was broken to a large extent, and had a large number of micropores and residual pits due to the precipitated phase falling off. However, the rolled 2 A12 aluminum alloy had a compact and flat structure, and the thickness of hard anodic oxide film was 66.03μm, hardness was 457.26 HV, roughness was 0.98 μm and abrasion loss was 0.0149 mg, which were respectively 4.11 μm higher than the thickness of the oxide film prepared by extrusion 2 A12 aluminum alloy, 221.10 HV higher for the hardness, 0.94 μm lower for the roughness, and 0.7208 lower for the abrasion loss. 2 A12 aluminum alloy formed by rolling has more uniform and compact internal structure, and low broken rate of precipitated phase. Under the same process conditions, the prepared hard anodic oxide film has better comprehensive performance.
引文
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[2]刘静安,谢水生.铝合金材料应用与开发[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2011.LIU Jing-an,XIE Shui-sheng.Aluminum alloy material application and development[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2011.
[3]BAI Yue-long,XU-jun,LI Da-pu,et al.Automatic feeding mechanism for circular sawing machine:CN,203019124U[P].2012-12-27.
[4]黄有国,李庆余,王红强.铸造铝合金表面改性研究进展[J].电镀与精饰,2011,33(9):13-16.HUANG You-guo,LI Qing-yu,WANG Hong-qiang.Advances in surface modification of cast aluminum alloy[J].Plating&finishing,2011,33(9):13-16.
[5]马胜利,井晓天.铝及铝合金阳极氧化膜结构及其应用[J].兵器材料科学与工程,1998(4):54-57.MA Sheng-li,JING Xiao-tian.Structure of anodic oxide films of Al and its alloys and its application[J].Ordnance material science and engineering,1998(4):54-57.
[6]胡新,宋群玲,张文莉,等.金属塑性加工生产技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2011.HU Xin,SONG Qun-ling,ZHANG Wen-li,et al.Metal plastic processing production technology[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2011.
[7]王仲仁.塑性加工力学基础(一)[J].锻压技术,1980(1):41-46.WANG Zhong-ren.Plastic machining mechanics(一)[J].Forging&stamping technology,1980(1):41-46.
[8]钱建才,邹洪庆,许斌,等.电解液对2A12铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜层性能的影响[J].表面技术,201544(11):40-45.QIAN Jian-cai,ZOU Hong-qing,XU Bin,et al.Influence of electrolyte on the properties of hard anodic oxide coating on 2A12 aluminium alloy[J].Surface technology,2015,44(11):40-45.
[9]戴一帆,沈士泰,卢洁琴,等.2024铝合金混合酸阳极氧化[J].表面技术,2018(1):198-202.DAI Yi-fan,SHEN Shi-tai,LU Jie-qin,et al.2024 aluminum alloy mixed acid anodizing[J].Surface technology,2018(1):198-202.
[10]刘建华,李明,李松梅,等.挤压成形对LC4CS铝合金棒材阳极氧化膜结构的影响[J].航空学报,2009,30(2):368-373.LIU Jian-hua,LI Ming,LI Song-mei,et al.Effect of extrusion on microstructure of anodic oxide films formed on LC4CS aluminium alloy bars[J].Acta aeronautica et astronautica sinica,2009,30(2):368-373.
[11]武红林,宋微,张燕飞.铝合金形棒材挤压生产[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2011.WU Hong-lin,SONG Wei,ZHANG Yan-fei.Aluminum alloy bar extrusion production[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2011.
[12]王大伟,张艳飞,林森,等.2A50铝合金挤压棒材尾端粗晶的产生原因及改善措施[J].轻合金加工技术2016,44(9):41-46.WANG Da-wei,ZHANG Yan-fei,LIN Sen,et al.Causes of coarse grains at the end of extruded bars of 2A50Al alloy and corresponding improvement measures[J].Light alloy fabrication technology,2016,44(9):41-46.
[13]邓丽虹,魏晓伟,杜全强,等.热处理对铝合金2A12硬质阳极氧化膜粗糙度的影响[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(6):146-149.DENG Li-hong,WEI Xiao-wei,DU Quan-qiang,et al.Effects of heat treatment on roughness of hard anodic oxide film on 2A12 alloy[J].Hot working technology,2011,40(6):146-149.
[14]王曼,纪嘉明,程飘,等.固溶处理对2A12铝合金硬质阳极氧化的影响[J].材料保护,2016,49(10):56-58.WANG Man,JI Jia-ming,CHENG Piao,et al.Effects of solution treatment on hard anodizing of 2A12 aluminum alloy[J].Materials protection,2016,49(10):56-58.
[15]张晔,李长生,李学超.磁控溅射Ti1-xAlxN薄膜的结构与摩擦学性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2009(6):518-525.ZHANG Ye,LI Chang-sheng,LI Xue-chao.Microstructure and tribological properties of Ti1-xAlxN films fabricated by double-targeted co-sputtering[J].Tribology,2009(6):518-525.
[16]张鹏,陈朝轶,刘静,等.2024铝合金阳极氧化膜腐蚀性能研究[J].铸造技术,2012,33(9):51-53.ZHANG Peng,CHEN Zhao-yi,LIU Jing,et al.Investigation on corrosion behavior of anodic oxide film on 2024aluminum alloy[J].Foundry technology,2012,33(9):51-53.
[17]刘道新.材料的腐蚀与防护[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006.LIU Dao-xin.Corrosion and protection of materials[M].Xi'an:Northwestern Polytechnical University Press,2006.