摘要
目的了解我国北方地区黑龙江、北京、内蒙古和西藏4省份自备井水质状况,为加强自备井水的卫生监督和管理提供依据。方法对我国北方地区4省份233个自备井,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)进行采样,检测感官性状、化学、细菌学和毒理学共27项水质指标,并进行卫生学评价。结果我国北方地区4省份自备井水总不合格率为52.36%。4省份的水质差异性大。黑龙江自备井的超标指标主要是浑浊度、肉眼可见物、锰、砷和硝酸盐;北京自备井的超标指标主要是硝酸盐和微生物;内蒙古自备井的超标指标主要是硫酸盐和氟化物;西藏自备井的超标指标则是锌和氯化物。结论根据地域区别和水质特征,加强自备井水源管理、消毒和水质净化,保证居民饮用水安全。
Objective To understand the water quality of self-supply wells in four provinces of northern China(Heilongjiang, Beijing, Inner Mongolia and Tibet), so as to provide a reference for supervision and management of self-supply wells. Methods Water were sampled from 233 self-supply wells in four northern provinces of China according to standard examination methods for drinking water(GB/T 5750-2006). In total, The samples were tested for 27 kinds of water quality parameters involving sensory properties, chemistry, bacteriology and toxicology, and then evaluated. Results The total unqualified rate of water quality in self-supply well water in four northern provinces of China was 52.36%. The water quality varied greatly among provinces. As for Heilongjiang, the main unqualified indicators of self-supply wells water involved turbidity, visible to the naked eye, manganese, arsenic and nitrate. In relation to Beijing, these referred to the nitrate and microorganism. In case of Inner Mongolia province, these included sulfate and fluoride. With reference to Tibet, these were zinc and chloride. Conclusions To ensure the safety of drinking water for residents, the management, disinfection and purifying measures of self-supply wells should be strengthened basing on their regional differences and water quality characteristics.
引文
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