民族整合视野下的湘西改土归流
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摘要
从国家治理的角度,来深化土司制度与土司文化研究,是许多学界同仁的共识,民族整合作为多民族国家治理的重要内容之一,也是考察土司制度建立以及改土归流中的一个较为新颖的视角。作者从民族整合的视角,以湘西地区为主要考察对象,首先探讨"修教齐政"与"因俗而治"的对立统一关系,引出土司制度确立对湘西民族整合的促进作用和存在的隐患;其次,具体分析改土归流对湘西苗区、土司区不同措施对民族整合的影响;最后说明在"后改土归流"时代,湘西民族整合表现出的新特征:一是整合对象的重点由土司区转向了苗区;二是整合的目标上开始由传统的民族关系向近代民族关系转变。
From the perspective of state governance, to deepen the study of Tusi system and Tusi culture is the consensus of many academic colleagues. As one of the important contents of governance in multi-ethnic countries, national integration is also a relatively new perspective of observing and studying Tusi system's establishment and Gaituguiliu. This article, from the perspective of national integration, treats Xiangxi region as the main study object. First of all, it explores the opposite and unified relationship between the"unity of culture and politics"and"govern by custom", then states that the establishment of Tusi system promotes the integration of minority nationalities in Xiangxi and its hidden dangers; secondly, it concretely analyzes the influence of Gaituguiliu's different measures on the national integration in Xiangxi Miao District and Tusi District; finally, it illustrates that the national integration in Jiangxi also has new characteristics in the era of post-Gaituguiliu: one is that the focus of integration is shifted from Tusi District to Miao District; second is that the goal of integration began to shift from the traditional ethnic relations to the modern ethnic relations.
From the perspective of state governance, to deepen the study of Tusi system and Tusi culture is the consensus of many academic colleagues. As one of the important contents of governance in multi-ethnic countries, national integration is also a relatively new perspective of observing and studying Tusi system's establishment and Gaituguiliu. This article, from the perspective of national integration, treats Xiangxi region as the main study object. First of all, it explores the opposite and unified relationship between the"unity of culture and politics"and"govern by custom", then states that the establishment of Tusi system promotes the integration of minority nationalities in Xiangxi and its hidden dangers; secondly, it concretely analyzes the influence of Gaituguiliu's different measures on the national integration in Xiangxi Miao District and Tusi District; finally, it illustrates that the national integration in Jiangxi also has new characteristics in the era of post-Gaituguiliu: one is that the focus of integration is shifted from Tusi District to Miao District; second is that the goal of integration began to shift from the traditional ethnic relations to the modern ethnic relations.
引文
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[19]民国档案.卷宗一[Z].湖南省花垣县档案局存.
[2]李良品.中国土司制度与土司文化研究应注意的八个问题[J].民族学刊,2015,(3):79-84.
[3]严庆.解读“整合”与“民族整合”[J].民族研究,2006,(4):20-29.
[4]湘西土家族编委会.湘西土家族[J].吉首大学学报,1981,(2).
[5]游俊,李汉林.湖南少数民族史[M].北京:民族出版社,2001.43-45.
[6](清)魏源.雍正西南夷改流记上·圣武纪卷七[Z].道光二十二年刻本.
[7]方铁.论羁縻治策向土官土司制度的演变[J].中国边疆史地研究,2011,(2):68-80.
[8]陈廷亮,叶德书.土家族土司人名训释[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2015,(1):69-73.
[9]谭必友.清代湘西苗疆多民族社区的近代重构[M].北京:民族出版社,2007.27.
[10]李世愉.清代土司制度论考[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1998.26.
[11](清)王先谦.十朝东华录·康熙·卷七十二[Z].光绪三十二年上海积山书局石印本.
[12](光绪)湖南通志·卷八十四·武备·苗防四[Z].清光绪十一年刻本.
[13](乾隆)永顺府志.卷六·兵制[Z].清乾隆二十八年刻本.
[14]伍新福.湖南民族关系史[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2010.319.
[15](乾隆)乾州志.卷一·田赋志[Z].清乾隆四年刻本.
[16]凌纯声,芮逸夫.湘西苗族调查报告[M].北京:民族出版社,2003.77.
[17]杨光斌.政治学原理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998.289.
[18]徐春辉.关于政治权力合法性的探讨[J].南京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(2).30-33.
[19]民国档案.卷宗一[Z].湖南省花垣县档案局存.