聚酰亚胺改性C/C复合材料的制备及性能
|
摘要
采用针刺成型、化学气相渗透(CVI)、真空浸渍及固化成型工艺制备了C/C-聚酰亚胺(C/C-PI)复合材料,研究了这种新型防热结构材料的弯曲性能、导热性能及热膨胀性能。结果表明:C/C-PI复合材料XY向和Z向弯曲强度分别为120.75MPa和40.33MPa,较C/C复合材料分别提高了17.92%和20.57%,表现出更优异的弯曲性能;C/C-PI复合材料热导率随温度变化不显著,XY向和Z向热导率均在150℃达到最大值,分别为29.88W(m·℃)-1和9.93W(m·℃)-1,较C/C复合材料分别降低了47.02%和56.12%;随温度升高,C/C-PI复合材料的线膨胀系数呈线性缓慢增长,数值保持低于4×10-6 K-1,尤其XY向较Z向具有更低的线膨胀系数,可满足热结构件尺寸稳定性的使用需求。
Polyimide modified C/C(C/C-PI)composites were fabricated by needling technology,chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),vacuum impregnation and curing process.The flexural properties,heat conducting properties and thermal expansion properties of C/C-PI composites were investigated.The results indicate that C/C-PI composites show a better flexural strength of 120.75 MPa in XYdirection and 40.33 MPa in Zdirection which are17.92% and 20.57% higher than C/C composite.The thermal conductivities of C/C-PI composites do not change significantly with temperature,and reach the maximum values of 29.88 W(m·℃)-1 in XY direction and9.93 W(m·℃)-1 in Zdirection,which are 47.02% and 56.12%lower than C/C composites,respectively.As the test temperature continues to rise,the thermal conductivities of C/C-PI and C/C composites are decreasing gradually.The coefficients of linear expansion of C/C-PI composites increase linearly with the increase of temperature and the values maintain under 4×10-6 K-1.In particularly,C/C-PI composites have a lower linear expansion coefficient in XYdirection in comparison with Zdirection,which can meet the requirement of dimension stability of thermal structure parts.
Polyimide modified C/C(C/C-PI)composites were fabricated by needling technology,chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),vacuum impregnation and curing process.The flexural properties,heat conducting properties and thermal expansion properties of C/C-PI composites were investigated.The results indicate that C/C-PI composites show a better flexural strength of 120.75 MPa in XYdirection and 40.33 MPa in Zdirection which are17.92% and 20.57% higher than C/C composite.The thermal conductivities of C/C-PI composites do not change significantly with temperature,and reach the maximum values of 29.88 W(m·℃)-1 in XY direction and9.93 W(m·℃)-1 in Zdirection,which are 47.02% and 56.12%lower than C/C composites,respectively.As the test temperature continues to rise,the thermal conductivities of C/C-PI and C/C composites are decreasing gradually.The coefficients of linear expansion of C/C-PI composites increase linearly with the increase of temperature and the values maintain under 4×10-6 K-1.In particularly,C/C-PI composites have a lower linear expansion coefficient in XYdirection in comparison with Zdirection,which can meet the requirement of dimension stability of thermal structure parts.
引文
[1]徐林,杨文彬,陈铮,等.高性能二维碳/碳复合材料的制备与性能[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(12):2877-2883.XU L,YANG W B,CHEN Z,et al.Preparation and properties of high performance two-dimensional carbon/carbon composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(12):2877-2883(in Chinese).
[2] CHEN J,XIONG X,XIAO P.Thermal conductivity of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites with different carbon matrixes[J]. Materials and Design, 2009, 30(4):1413-1416.
[3]边天涯,关志东,刘发齐.三维碳/碳复合材料板件拉伸强度预报[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(2):430-437.BIAN T Y,GUANG Z D,LIU F Q.Prediction on the tensile strength of 3Dcarbon/carbon composite plate[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(2):430-437(in Chinese).
[4] MICHALOWSKI J,MIKOCIAK D,BLAZEWICZ S,et al.Mechanical properties of C/C composites processed by wet impregnation and P-CVD methods[J].Journal of Materials Science,2011,46(16):5587-5594.
[5] REN J,LI K,ZHANG S,et al.Preparation of carbon/carbon composite by pyrolysis of ethanol and methane[J].Materials&Design,2015,65:174-178.
[6] HUO C,GUO L,CAO A,et al.The degradation behavior of C/C composites in high-energy atomic oxygen[J].Vacuum,2017,146:120-129.
[7] DONG F X,HOU G L,CAO F X,et al.The lubricity and reinforcement of carbon fibers in polyimide at high temperatures[J].Tribology International,2016,101:291-300.
[8] THEILER G,GRADT T.Tribological characteristics of polyimide composites in hydrogen environment[J].Tribology International,2015,92:162-171.
[9]李敏,张佐光,仲伟虹,等.聚酰亚胺脂研究与应用进展[J].复合材料学报,2000,17(4):48-53.LI M,ZHANG Z G,ZHONG W H,et al.The study and application of polyimides resin[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2000,17(4):48-53(in Chinese).
[10]阎敬灵,孟祥胜,王震,等.热固性聚酰亚胺树脂研究进展[J].应用化学,2015,32(5):489-497.YAN J L,MENG X S,WANG Z,et al.The development of thermosetting polyimides resin[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2015,32(5):489-497(in Chinese).
[11] PARK S J,LEE H Y,HAN M,et al.Thermal and mechanical interfacial properties of the DGEBA/PMR-15blend system[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,270(2):288-294.
[12] XIE W,PAN W P,CHUANG K C.Thermal characterization of PMR polyimides[J].Thermochimica Acta,2001,367-368:143-153.
[13]赵伟栋,王磊,潘玲英,等.聚酰亚胺复合材料研究进展[J].宇航材料工艺,2013,43(4):14-19.ZHAO W D,WANG L,PAN L Y.Recent advances in polyimides matrix structural composites[J].Aerospace Materials and Technology,2013,43(4):14-19(in Chinese).
[14] ODEGARD G,KUMOSA M.Elastic-plastic and failure properties of a unidirectional carbon/PMR-15composite at room and elevated temperatures[J].Composites Science and Technology,2000,60(16):2979-2988.
[15]高艺航,石玉红,王鲲鹏,等.碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料MT300/KH420高温力学性能(Ⅰ):拉伸和层间剪切性能[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(6):1206-1213.GAO Y H,SHI Y H,WANG K P,et al.High-temperature mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyimide resin matrix composites MT300/KH420:Tensile and interlaminar shear properties[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(6):1206-1213(in Chinese).
[16]包建文,陈祥宝.发动机用耐高温聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的研究进展[J].航空材料学报,2012,32(6):1-13.BAO J W,CHEN X B.Advance in high temperature polyimide resin matrix composites for aeroengine[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2012,32(6):1-13(in Chinese).
[17]孟祥胜,李洪深,杨慧丽,等.耐高温异构聚酰亚胺树脂及其复合材料[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(6):23-27.MENG X S,LI H S,YANG H L,et al.High-temperature resistant isomeric polyimide resins and their composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):23-27(in Chinese).
[18] LUO R,LIU T,LI J,et al.Thermophysical properties of carbon/carbon composites and physical mechanism of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity[J].Carbon,2004,42(14):2887-2895.
[19]赵建国,李克智,李贺军,等.C/C复合材料比热容和热扩散率的研究[J].宇航材料工艺,2005,35(6):41-43.ZHAO J G,LI K Z,LI H J,et al.Research on thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity of C/C composites[J].Aerospace Materials and Technology,2005,35(6):41-43(in Chinese).
[20]李艳,崔红,郑蕊,等.无纬布/网胎叠层针刺C/C材料的制备及性能[J].新型碳材料,2017,32(1):56-62.LI Y,CUI H,ZHENG R,et al.Fabrication and performance of a C/C composite using a needled non-woven carbon fiber felt as a preform[J].New Carbon Materials,2017,32(1):56-62(in Chinese).
[2] CHEN J,XIONG X,XIAO P.Thermal conductivity of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites with different carbon matrixes[J]. Materials and Design, 2009, 30(4):1413-1416.
[3]边天涯,关志东,刘发齐.三维碳/碳复合材料板件拉伸强度预报[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(2):430-437.BIAN T Y,GUANG Z D,LIU F Q.Prediction on the tensile strength of 3Dcarbon/carbon composite plate[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(2):430-437(in Chinese).
[4] MICHALOWSKI J,MIKOCIAK D,BLAZEWICZ S,et al.Mechanical properties of C/C composites processed by wet impregnation and P-CVD methods[J].Journal of Materials Science,2011,46(16):5587-5594.
[5] REN J,LI K,ZHANG S,et al.Preparation of carbon/carbon composite by pyrolysis of ethanol and methane[J].Materials&Design,2015,65:174-178.
[6] HUO C,GUO L,CAO A,et al.The degradation behavior of C/C composites in high-energy atomic oxygen[J].Vacuum,2017,146:120-129.
[7] DONG F X,HOU G L,CAO F X,et al.The lubricity and reinforcement of carbon fibers in polyimide at high temperatures[J].Tribology International,2016,101:291-300.
[8] THEILER G,GRADT T.Tribological characteristics of polyimide composites in hydrogen environment[J].Tribology International,2015,92:162-171.
[9]李敏,张佐光,仲伟虹,等.聚酰亚胺脂研究与应用进展[J].复合材料学报,2000,17(4):48-53.LI M,ZHANG Z G,ZHONG W H,et al.The study and application of polyimides resin[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2000,17(4):48-53(in Chinese).
[10]阎敬灵,孟祥胜,王震,等.热固性聚酰亚胺树脂研究进展[J].应用化学,2015,32(5):489-497.YAN J L,MENG X S,WANG Z,et al.The development of thermosetting polyimides resin[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2015,32(5):489-497(in Chinese).
[11] PARK S J,LEE H Y,HAN M,et al.Thermal and mechanical interfacial properties of the DGEBA/PMR-15blend system[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,270(2):288-294.
[12] XIE W,PAN W P,CHUANG K C.Thermal characterization of PMR polyimides[J].Thermochimica Acta,2001,367-368:143-153.
[13]赵伟栋,王磊,潘玲英,等.聚酰亚胺复合材料研究进展[J].宇航材料工艺,2013,43(4):14-19.ZHAO W D,WANG L,PAN L Y.Recent advances in polyimides matrix structural composites[J].Aerospace Materials and Technology,2013,43(4):14-19(in Chinese).
[14] ODEGARD G,KUMOSA M.Elastic-plastic and failure properties of a unidirectional carbon/PMR-15composite at room and elevated temperatures[J].Composites Science and Technology,2000,60(16):2979-2988.
[15]高艺航,石玉红,王鲲鹏,等.碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料MT300/KH420高温力学性能(Ⅰ):拉伸和层间剪切性能[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(6):1206-1213.GAO Y H,SHI Y H,WANG K P,et al.High-temperature mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyimide resin matrix composites MT300/KH420:Tensile and interlaminar shear properties[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(6):1206-1213(in Chinese).
[16]包建文,陈祥宝.发动机用耐高温聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的研究进展[J].航空材料学报,2012,32(6):1-13.BAO J W,CHEN X B.Advance in high temperature polyimide resin matrix composites for aeroengine[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2012,32(6):1-13(in Chinese).
[17]孟祥胜,李洪深,杨慧丽,等.耐高温异构聚酰亚胺树脂及其复合材料[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(6):23-27.MENG X S,LI H S,YANG H L,et al.High-temperature resistant isomeric polyimide resins and their composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):23-27(in Chinese).
[18] LUO R,LIU T,LI J,et al.Thermophysical properties of carbon/carbon composites and physical mechanism of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity[J].Carbon,2004,42(14):2887-2895.
[19]赵建国,李克智,李贺军,等.C/C复合材料比热容和热扩散率的研究[J].宇航材料工艺,2005,35(6):41-43.ZHAO J G,LI K Z,LI H J,et al.Research on thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity of C/C composites[J].Aerospace Materials and Technology,2005,35(6):41-43(in Chinese).
[20]李艳,崔红,郑蕊,等.无纬布/网胎叠层针刺C/C材料的制备及性能[J].新型碳材料,2017,32(1):56-62.LI Y,CUI H,ZHENG R,et al.Fabrication and performance of a C/C composite using a needled non-woven carbon fiber felt as a preform[J].New Carbon Materials,2017,32(1):56-62(in Chinese).