宁夏龟裂碱土水盐运移及时空分布特征
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摘要
为了探明龟裂碱土水盐时空分布特征,该研究对龟裂碱土水盐进行跟踪监测,分析在自然条件下土壤水盐时空分布和运移特征。结果表明:0～20 cm土壤含水率最小,变异系数最大;80～100 cm土壤含水率较大,变异系数较小。土壤全盐和碱化度变异性强,空间分布不均,0～40 cm土壤全盐和碱化度的变异系数分别为60.4%和67.6%,40～100 cm土壤全盐和碱化度变异系数较小。0～20 cm土壤全盐和碱化度最大,20～100 cm土壤全盐和碱化度逐层降低。0～40 cm土壤含水率随季节变化幅度较大,40～100 cm变化幅度较平稳,土壤含水率逐年减小。土层0～20 cm全盐和碱化度极显著高于其他土层,土层0～40 cm土壤脱盐、积盐交替,盐分变化活跃,土壤全盐和碱化度逐年呈增加的趋势。结果为龟裂碱土改良水盐调控提供依据。
Takyric solonetz land, a typical subclass of alkali soil, is widely distributed in the North of Yinchuan Plain of Ningxia province, West Hetao Plain and north Xinjiang desert steppe in China. Due to the hard soil texture, poor permeability and difficult improvement, it has become the main factor severely affecting the development of local agriculture, and is expected to bring threat to the regional food security in the future. More and more improvement techniques have been developed to achieve a sustainable utilization of saline-alkali waste land, but the salt-water spatial and temporal distribution characteristics in newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land remains unknown. We conducted 3 a field comparative experiments to analyze the water-salt spatial and temporal distribution under natural conditions in newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land at the farmland of Xidatan, Ningxia, China, which located in 106°24￠2092E, 38°50￠2892N. The results showed that: the soil moisture content was minimality in 0-20 cm soil, and its coefficient variation was maximum. Moisture content in 80-100 cm soil was larger, and its coefficient variation was smaller. Soil total salt and alkalinity variability were great, and which the spatial distribution were uneven. The variation coefficients of soil total salt and alkalinity in 20-40 cm soil were respectively 51.2% and 60.4%, and the variation coefficients of soil total salt and alkalinity in 40-100 cm soil was less. The soil total salt and alkalinity of 0-20 cm soil were the largest, and the soil total salt and alkalinity of 20-100 cm soil were reduced layer by layer. The moisture content of 0-40 cm soil varied greatly with the season, the change range of 40-100 cm soil was relatively stable, and the soil moisture content decreased year by year. Total salt and alkalinity of 0-20 cm was significantly higher than other soil layers. Soil desalination and salt accumulation in the soil layer 0-40 cm were alternating, salt change was active, and the soil total salt and alkalinity were increasing year by year. Soil mainly contains Na~+, Cl~-, SO_4~(2-) and HCO-3 at 0-100 cm depth. Alkalinity and salt content at the 0-60 cm depth varied greatly among seasons.Soil moisture content gradually increased from the top soil layer(0 cm) to the deep soil layer(100 cm). These results will also provide a technical support for salt-water management of the newly reclaimed takyric solonetz farmlands, and a guide for the sustainable development and utilization of wasteland takyric solonetz land.
Takyric solonetz land, a typical subclass of alkali soil, is widely distributed in the North of Yinchuan Plain of Ningxia province, West Hetao Plain and north Xinjiang desert steppe in China. Due to the hard soil texture, poor permeability and difficult improvement, it has become the main factor severely affecting the development of local agriculture, and is expected to bring threat to the regional food security in the future. More and more improvement techniques have been developed to achieve a sustainable utilization of saline-alkali waste land, but the salt-water spatial and temporal distribution characteristics in newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land remains unknown. We conducted 3 a field comparative experiments to analyze the water-salt spatial and temporal distribution under natural conditions in newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land at the farmland of Xidatan, Ningxia, China, which located in 106°24￠2092E, 38°50￠2892N. The results showed that: the soil moisture content was minimality in 0-20 cm soil, and its coefficient variation was maximum. Moisture content in 80-100 cm soil was larger, and its coefficient variation was smaller. Soil total salt and alkalinity variability were great, and which the spatial distribution were uneven. The variation coefficients of soil total salt and alkalinity in 20-40 cm soil were respectively 51.2% and 60.4%, and the variation coefficients of soil total salt and alkalinity in 40-100 cm soil was less. The soil total salt and alkalinity of 0-20 cm soil were the largest, and the soil total salt and alkalinity of 20-100 cm soil were reduced layer by layer. The moisture content of 0-40 cm soil varied greatly with the season, the change range of 40-100 cm soil was relatively stable, and the soil moisture content decreased year by year. Total salt and alkalinity of 0-20 cm was significantly higher than other soil layers. Soil desalination and salt accumulation in the soil layer 0-40 cm were alternating, salt change was active, and the soil total salt and alkalinity were increasing year by year. Soil mainly contains Na~+, Cl~-, SO_4~(2-) and HCO-3 at 0-100 cm depth. Alkalinity and salt content at the 0-60 cm depth varied greatly among seasons.Soil moisture content gradually increased from the top soil layer(0 cm) to the deep soil layer(100 cm). These results will also provide a technical support for salt-water management of the newly reclaimed takyric solonetz farmlands, and a guide for the sustainable development and utilization of wasteland takyric solonetz land.
引文
[1]张体彬,康跃虎.宁夏银北地区龟裂碱土盐分特征研究[J].土壤,2012,44(6):1001-1008.Zhang Tibin,Kang Yaohu,Hu Wei,et al.Study on salinity characteristics of takyric solonetz in Ningxia Yinbei region[J]Soil,2012,44(6):1001-1008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]杨劲松.中国盐渍土研究的发展历程与展望[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):837-845.Yang Jingsong.Development and prospect of the research on salt-affected soils in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):837-845.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Qadir M,Schubert S,Ghafoor A,et al.Amelioration strategies for sodic soils:A review[J].Land Degrad,Develop,2001(12):357-386.
[4]樊丽琴,杨建国,尚红莺,等.脱硫石膏施用下宁夏盐化碱土水盐运移特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):193-196.Fan Liqin,Yang Jianguo,Shang Hongying,et al.Characteristics of soil water and salt movement in a saline alkali soil treated with desulfurized gypsum[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):193-196.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Qadir M,Ghafoor A,Murtaze G.Use of saline-sodic waters through phytore mediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils[J].Agricaltural Water Managemeni,2001,50(3):197-10.
[6]Jumberi A,Oka M,Fujiyrna H.Response of vegetable crops to salinity and sodicity in relation to ionic balance and ability to absorb microelements[J].Science And Plant Nutrition,2002,48(2):203-209.
[7]郭文聪,樊贵盛.原生盐碱荒地的盐分积累与运移特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):84-88.Guo Wencong,Fan Guisheng.Investigation of salinity accumulating and its movement characters in original saline wasteland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(3):84-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘福汉,王遵亲.潜水蒸发条件下同质地剖面的土壤水盐运动[J].土壤学报,1993,(2):173-181.Liu Fuhan,Wang Zunqin.Salt-water dynamic in soil profiles of different texture under groundwater evaporation condition[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1993(2):173-181.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]张体彬,康跃虎,胡伟,等.基于主成分分析的宁夏银北地区龟裂碱土盐分特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(2):39-46.Zhang Tibin,Kang Yaohu,Hu Wei,et al.Studies on salinity characteristics of takyric solonetz in Ningxia Yinbei region based on principal component analysis[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(2):39-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]王智明,张峰举,许兴.耕作年限对龟裂碱土无机碳空间分布特征的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(2):719-723.Wang Zhiming,Zhang Fengju,Xu Xing.Effect of Years of Cultivation on Takyr Inorganic Carbon Spatial Distribution Characteristics[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(2):39-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]郑冬梅.松嫩平原盐渍土水盐运移的节律性研究[D].东北师范大学,2005.
[12]常春龙,杨树青,刘德平,等.河套灌区上游地下水埋深与土壤盐分互作效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):315-319.Chang Chunlong,Yang Shuqing,Liu Deping,et al.Interaction effect of groundwater depth and soil salinization in the upper of Hetao irriagation area[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,33(4/5):315-319.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]樊丽琴,杨建国,尚红莺,等.淋洗水质和水量对宁夏龟裂碱土水盐运移的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015(6):258-262.Fan Liqin,Yang Jianguo,Shang Hongying,et al.Effects of the quality and quality of leaching water on soil water and salt movement of takyr solonetzs in Ningxia[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015(6):258-262.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]杨军,孙兆军,刘吉利,等.脱硫石膏糠醛渣对新垦龟裂碱土的改良洗盐效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):128-135.Yang Jun,Sun Zhaojun,Liu Jili,et al.Effects of saline improvement and leaching of desulphurized gypsum combined with furfural residue in newly reclaimed farmland crack alkaline soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(17):128-135.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李法虎.土壤物理化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[16]Zhao Chengyi,Wang Yancha,Song Yudu,et al.Biological drainage characteristics of alakalized desert soils in northweste China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,56(l):l-9.
[17]Alexander Vandenbohede Pauline N,Mollema Nicolas Greggio Marco Antonellini.Seasonal dynamic of a shallow freshwater lens due to irrigationin the coastal plain of Ravenna,Italy[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2014,(22):893-909.
[18]Cao J,Liu C,Zhang W,et al.Effect of integrating straw into agricultural soils on soil infiltration and evaporation[J].Water Science&Technology,2012,65(12):2213-2218.
[19]王静,许兴,肖国举,等.脱硫石膏改良宁夏典型龟裂碱土效果及其安全性评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):141-147.Wang Jing,Xu Xing,Xiao Guoju,et al.Effect of typical takyr solonetzs reclamation with flue desulphrization gas gypsum and its security assessment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(2):141-147.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]贾瑞亮,周金龙,周殷竹,等.干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发条件下土壤积盐规律分析[J].水利学报,2016,47(2),150-157.Jia Ruiliang,Zhou Jinlong,Zhou Yinzhu,et al.Analysis on law of soil salt accumulation under condition of high salinity phreatic water evaporation in arid areas[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(2),150-157.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]姚荣江,杨劲松,赵秀芳,等.水盐调控措施对苏北海涂油葵生长及土壤盐分分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):5-9.Yao Rongjiang,Yang Jingsong,Zhao Xiufang,et al.Effect of soil salt-water management on helianthus growth and salinity distribution characteristics of coastal saline soil in north Jiangsu province[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2013,32(1):5-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]张建兵,杨劲松,李芙荣,等.有机肥与覆盖对苏北滩涂重度盐渍土壤水盐调控效应分析[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):184-188.Zhang Jianbing,Yang Jingsong,Li Furong,et al.Effect of farmyard manure and mulching on soil water and salinity in severe salinized tide flat soil of north Jiangsu province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):184-188.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]张俊华,贾科利,李明.龟裂碱土对植被冠层光谱特征及长势预测的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(14):147-155.Zhang Junhua,Jia Keli,Li Ming.Effect of takyr solonetzs on vegetation canopy spectral characteristics and growth prediction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(14):147-155.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]吕雯,孙兆军,陈小莉,等.地膜秸秆复合覆盖改善龟裂碱土水盐特性提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):125-133.LüWen,Sun Zhaojun,Chen Xiaoli,et al.Plastic film and straw combined mulchingimproving water and salt characteristics of Takyr Solonetzs and yield of oil sunflower[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(13):125-133.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]杨劲松.中国盐渍土研究的发展历程与展望[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):837-845.Yang Jingsong.Development and prospect of the research on salt-affected soils in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):837-845.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Qadir M,Schubert S,Ghafoor A,et al.Amelioration strategies for sodic soils:A review[J].Land Degrad,Develop,2001(12):357-386.
[4]樊丽琴,杨建国,尚红莺,等.脱硫石膏施用下宁夏盐化碱土水盐运移特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):193-196.Fan Liqin,Yang Jianguo,Shang Hongying,et al.Characteristics of soil water and salt movement in a saline alkali soil treated with desulfurized gypsum[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(3):193-196.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Qadir M,Ghafoor A,Murtaze G.Use of saline-sodic waters through phytore mediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils[J].Agricaltural Water Managemeni,2001,50(3):197-10.
[6]Jumberi A,Oka M,Fujiyrna H.Response of vegetable crops to salinity and sodicity in relation to ionic balance and ability to absorb microelements[J].Science And Plant Nutrition,2002,48(2):203-209.
[7]郭文聪,樊贵盛.原生盐碱荒地的盐分积累与运移特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):84-88.Guo Wencong,Fan Guisheng.Investigation of salinity accumulating and its movement characters in original saline wasteland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(3):84-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘福汉,王遵亲.潜水蒸发条件下同质地剖面的土壤水盐运动[J].土壤学报,1993,(2):173-181.Liu Fuhan,Wang Zunqin.Salt-water dynamic in soil profiles of different texture under groundwater evaporation condition[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1993(2):173-181.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]张体彬,康跃虎,胡伟,等.基于主成分分析的宁夏银北地区龟裂碱土盐分特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(2):39-46.Zhang Tibin,Kang Yaohu,Hu Wei,et al.Studies on salinity characteristics of takyric solonetz in Ningxia Yinbei region based on principal component analysis[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(2):39-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]王智明,张峰举,许兴.耕作年限对龟裂碱土无机碳空间分布特征的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(2):719-723.Wang Zhiming,Zhang Fengju,Xu Xing.Effect of Years of Cultivation on Takyr Inorganic Carbon Spatial Distribution Characteristics[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(2):39-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]郑冬梅.松嫩平原盐渍土水盐运移的节律性研究[D].东北师范大学,2005.
[12]常春龙,杨树青,刘德平,等.河套灌区上游地下水埋深与土壤盐分互作效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):315-319.Chang Chunlong,Yang Shuqing,Liu Deping,et al.Interaction effect of groundwater depth and soil salinization in the upper of Hetao irriagation area[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,33(4/5):315-319.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]樊丽琴,杨建国,尚红莺,等.淋洗水质和水量对宁夏龟裂碱土水盐运移的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015(6):258-262.Fan Liqin,Yang Jianguo,Shang Hongying,et al.Effects of the quality and quality of leaching water on soil water and salt movement of takyr solonetzs in Ningxia[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015(6):258-262.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]杨军,孙兆军,刘吉利,等.脱硫石膏糠醛渣对新垦龟裂碱土的改良洗盐效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):128-135.Yang Jun,Sun Zhaojun,Liu Jili,et al.Effects of saline improvement and leaching of desulphurized gypsum combined with furfural residue in newly reclaimed farmland crack alkaline soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(17):128-135.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李法虎.土壤物理化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[16]Zhao Chengyi,Wang Yancha,Song Yudu,et al.Biological drainage characteristics of alakalized desert soils in northweste China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,56(l):l-9.
[17]Alexander Vandenbohede Pauline N,Mollema Nicolas Greggio Marco Antonellini.Seasonal dynamic of a shallow freshwater lens due to irrigationin the coastal plain of Ravenna,Italy[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2014,(22):893-909.
[18]Cao J,Liu C,Zhang W,et al.Effect of integrating straw into agricultural soils on soil infiltration and evaporation[J].Water Science&Technology,2012,65(12):2213-2218.
[19]王静,许兴,肖国举,等.脱硫石膏改良宁夏典型龟裂碱土效果及其安全性评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):141-147.Wang Jing,Xu Xing,Xiao Guoju,et al.Effect of typical takyr solonetzs reclamation with flue desulphrization gas gypsum and its security assessment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(2):141-147.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]贾瑞亮,周金龙,周殷竹,等.干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发条件下土壤积盐规律分析[J].水利学报,2016,47(2),150-157.Jia Ruiliang,Zhou Jinlong,Zhou Yinzhu,et al.Analysis on law of soil salt accumulation under condition of high salinity phreatic water evaporation in arid areas[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(2),150-157.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]姚荣江,杨劲松,赵秀芳,等.水盐调控措施对苏北海涂油葵生长及土壤盐分分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(1):5-9.Yao Rongjiang,Yang Jingsong,Zhao Xiufang,et al.Effect of soil salt-water management on helianthus growth and salinity distribution characteristics of coastal saline soil in north Jiangsu province[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2013,32(1):5-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]张建兵,杨劲松,李芙荣,等.有机肥与覆盖对苏北滩涂重度盐渍土壤水盐调控效应分析[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):184-188.Zhang Jianbing,Yang Jingsong,Li Furong,et al.Effect of farmyard manure and mulching on soil water and salinity in severe salinized tide flat soil of north Jiangsu province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):184-188.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]张俊华,贾科利,李明.龟裂碱土对植被冠层光谱特征及长势预测的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(14):147-155.Zhang Junhua,Jia Keli,Li Ming.Effect of takyr solonetzs on vegetation canopy spectral characteristics and growth prediction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(14):147-155.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]吕雯,孙兆军,陈小莉,等.地膜秸秆复合覆盖改善龟裂碱土水盐特性提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):125-133.LüWen,Sun Zhaojun,Chen Xiaoli,et al.Plastic film and straw combined mulchingimproving water and salt characteristics of Takyr Solonetzs and yield of oil sunflower[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(13):125-133.(in Chinese with English abstract)