基于整合驱动因素和适宜性评价的乡村聚落重构模式研究
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摘要
为了破解乡村发展过程中的土地供需矛盾,保护农户合法权益,减少农村居民点整合过程中的争议,推进乡村振兴战略的实施,该研究以陇中黄土丘陵区通渭县四合村为案例区,综合"参与式农村评估(participatory rural appraisal,PRA)+结构方程模型(structural equation modeling, SEM)+适应性评价(suitability evaluation, SE)"方法,剖析农户对乡村聚落的整合意愿及驱动机制,并在适宜性评价的基础上探究乡村聚落重构模式,为陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落的空间格局优化与整合提供一种方法与案例研究。结果表明:1)190户受访农户中79.5%的农户不愿意整合,整合意愿受到家庭、居住和社会等因素的综合影响,其中房屋建造时间、交通通达度及家庭非农收入是影响农户整合意愿主要驱动因素;2)四合村域由外向内依次可分为不适宜居住区、较适宜居住区和适宜居住区3级,其中位于适宜居住区的农户共计168户,占四合村农户数量的51.38%,超过半数的农户位于不适宜居住区和较适宜居住区,具有一定程度的整治潜力和较大的乡村聚落居住质量提升空间;3)构建基于整合驱动因素和适宜性评价的乡村聚落重构模式:生态转化模式、异地搬迁模式、旧村整治模式和改造提升模式,并对现有聚落进行空间重构。重构后,四合村宅基地数量将由354个减少至275个,面积由102 105.63 m2减少至79 708.79 m2,节约土地22 396.84 m2。研究结果对于引导宜居乡村建设具有指导意义,亦可为陇中黄土丘陵区乡村聚落重构提供科学依据。
In order to solve the contradiction between land supply and demand in the process of rural development,protect farmers' legitimate rights and interests,reduce disputes in the process of rural settlement integration and promote the implementation of Rural Revitalization strategy.In this study,we took the Sihe village of Tongwei County in the Loess Hilly Region of Middle Gansu Province as the case study area,and based on participatory rural appraisal(PRA),we conducted household survey in Sihe village in July 2017 and December 2017,respectively.Two surveys lasted for 16 days in total.During survey,information about farmers' family situation,income and expenses,residence,production,behavior willingness,etc.were obtained.Specifically,household questionnaire survey was first conducted in the nine communities of Sihe village.A total of 190 effective questionnaires were obtained,meaning that 76.92% of households gave effective responses(80 households had already moved out of Sihe village and 57 households refused the interview).On this foundation,with the help of SEM(Structural Equation Modeling)and SE(Suitability Evaluation) method,we analyzed the farmers' integration intention and driving mechanism for rural settlement,and explored the reconstruction model of rural settlement on the basis of suitability evaluation.The results showed that:1) Among the 190 sample households,only 39 households were willing to integrate,accounting for 20.5%,and 151 households were unwilling to integrate,accounting for 79.5%.2) Farmer household integration was affected by many factors.Farmer household income,household non-farm income,housing construction time,and traffic accessibility were the important driving mechanism for the formation of rural settlement integration intention.Other factors had influence but not significant.3) For the Sihe village with 168 households in the suitable residential area,accounting for 51.38% of the Sihe village farmers,more than half of the farmers were in the unsuitable residential areas,and there is a need for more suitable residential areas,with a certain degree of renovation potential and the larger improvement space of rural settlement quality.4) Construction of rural settlement reconstruction model based on integration motivation and suitability evaluation including ecological transformation mode,off-site relocation mode,old village renovation mode and transformation and upgrading mode,were used to reconstruct the existing settlement space.Among them,the ecological transformation model was suitable for the farmers who had already moved out.The remote relocation model was suitable for the farmers who were willing to integrate in the inappropriate residential areas and the more suitable residential areas.The old village renovation model was suitable for the farmers who were not willing to integrate in the inappropriate residential areas.The promotion mode is suitable for farmers who were living in suitable residential areas and had the intention of integration.After the reconstruction of rural settlements,the number of homestead sites in the Sihe village would be reduced from 354 to 275,and the area would be reduced from 102 105.63 m2 to 79 708.79 m2,the saved land was 22 396.84 m2.This paper can provide a method and case study for the optimization and integration of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the Loess Hilly Region of central Gansu.
In order to solve the contradiction between land supply and demand in the process of rural development,protect farmers' legitimate rights and interests,reduce disputes in the process of rural settlement integration and promote the implementation of Rural Revitalization strategy.In this study,we took the Sihe village of Tongwei County in the Loess Hilly Region of Middle Gansu Province as the case study area,and based on participatory rural appraisal(PRA),we conducted household survey in Sihe village in July 2017 and December 2017,respectively.Two surveys lasted for 16 days in total.During survey,information about farmers' family situation,income and expenses,residence,production,behavior willingness,etc.were obtained.Specifically,household questionnaire survey was first conducted in the nine communities of Sihe village.A total of 190 effective questionnaires were obtained,meaning that 76.92% of households gave effective responses(80 households had already moved out of Sihe village and 57 households refused the interview).On this foundation,with the help of SEM(Structural Equation Modeling)and SE(Suitability Evaluation) method,we analyzed the farmers' integration intention and driving mechanism for rural settlement,and explored the reconstruction model of rural settlement on the basis of suitability evaluation.The results showed that:1) Among the 190 sample households,only 39 households were willing to integrate,accounting for 20.5%,and 151 households were unwilling to integrate,accounting for 79.5%.2) Farmer household integration was affected by many factors.Farmer household income,household non-farm income,housing construction time,and traffic accessibility were the important driving mechanism for the formation of rural settlement integration intention.Other factors had influence but not significant.3) For the Sihe village with 168 households in the suitable residential area,accounting for 51.38% of the Sihe village farmers,more than half of the farmers were in the unsuitable residential areas,and there is a need for more suitable residential areas,with a certain degree of renovation potential and the larger improvement space of rural settlement quality.4) Construction of rural settlement reconstruction model based on integration motivation and suitability evaluation including ecological transformation mode,off-site relocation mode,old village renovation mode and transformation and upgrading mode,were used to reconstruct the existing settlement space.Among them,the ecological transformation model was suitable for the farmers who had already moved out.The remote relocation model was suitable for the farmers who were willing to integrate in the inappropriate residential areas and the more suitable residential areas.The old village renovation model was suitable for the farmers who were not willing to integrate in the inappropriate residential areas.The promotion mode is suitable for farmers who were living in suitable residential areas and had the intention of integration.After the reconstruction of rural settlements,the number of homestead sites in the Sihe village would be reduced from 354 to 275,and the area would be reduced from 102 105.63 m2 to 79 708.79 m2,the saved land was 22 396.84 m2.This paper can provide a method and case study for the optimization and integration of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the Loess Hilly Region of central Gansu.
引文
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[3]马利邦,田亚亚,谢作轮,等.微观尺度绿洲乡村聚落质量评价及其空间重构[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):227-234.Ma Libang,Tian Yaya,Xie Zuolun,et al.Evaluation of quality and spatial reconstruction of oasis rural settlements based on micro-scale[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(5):227-234.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]赵帅华,王成,李晓庆,等.基于农户行为响应的农村居民点整合模式探析--以重庆市合川区兴坝村为例[J].资源科学,2012,34(8):1477-1483.Zhao Shuaihua,Wang Cheng,Li Xiaoqing,et al.Analysis of the pattern of rural settlement integration based on farmers’behavior response:A case study in Xingba village,Hechuan district of Chongqing[J].Resources Science,2012,34(8):1477-1483.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Tian Yasi,Kong Xuesong,Liu Yaolin,et al.Restructuring rural settlements based on an analysis of inter-village social connections:A case in Hubei Province,Central China[J].Habitat International,2016,57:121-131.
[6]李晓庆,王成,王利平,等.农户对农村居民点整合的意愿及其驱动机制--以重庆市沙坪坝区曾家镇白林村为例[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(4):671-680.Li Xiaoqing,Wang Cheng,Wang Liping,et al.Farmers’rural settlement integration aspiration and driving mechanism:Acase study of Bailin village in Chongqing[J].Progress in Geography,2013,32(4):671-680.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]李红波,张小林,吴启焰,等.发达地区乡村聚落空间重构的特征与机理研究--以苏南为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(4):591-603.Li Hongbo,Zhang Xiaolin,Wu Qiyan,et al.Characteristics and mechanism of rural settlements spatial reconstruction in developed areas--A case study of Southern Jiangsu[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(4):591-603.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Yang Ren,Xu Qian,Long Hualou.Spatial distribution characteristics and optimized reconstruction analysis of China’s rural settlements during the process of rapid urbanization[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2016,47(47):413-424.
[9]刘彦随.中国新农村建设创新理念与模式研究进展[J].地理研究,2008,27(2):479-480.Liu,Yansui.Research progress in innovation ideas and modes of building new countryside in China[J].Geographical Research.2008,27(2):479-480.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]席建超,王首琨,张瑞英.旅游乡村聚落“生产-生活-生态”空间重构与优化--河北野三坡旅游区苟各庄村的案例实证[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(3):425-435.Xi Jianchao,Wang Shoukun,Zhang Ruiying.Restructuring and optimizing production-living-ecology space in rural settlements-A case study of Gougezhuang village at Yesanpo tourism attraction in Hebei Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(3):425-435.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]马利邦,郭晓东,张启媛.甘谷县乡村聚落时空布局特征及格局优化[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(13):217-225.Ma Libang,Guo Xiaodong,Zhang Qiyuan.Spatio-temporal distribution and optimization of rural settlements in Gangu County of loess hilly area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(13):217-225.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]王成,王利平,李晓庆,等.农户后顾生计来源及其居民点整合研究--基于重庆市西部郊区白林村471户农户调查[J].地理学报,2011,66(8):1141-1152.Wang Cheng,Wang Liping,Li Xiaoqing,et al.The source of the forward-security of farmers'livelihood and settlement integration:Based on the survey of 477 farmers in Bailin village,west suburbs of Chongqing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(8):1141-1152.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Long Hualou,Liu Yansui.Rural restructuring in China[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2016,47:387-391.
[14]孙建伟,孔雪松,田雅丝,等.基于空间组合特征的农村居民点重构方向识别[J].地理科学,2017,37(5):748-755.Sun Jianwei,Kong Xuesong,Tian Yasi,et al.Identifying reconstruction directions of rural settlements based on analysis of spatial combination features[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(5):748-755.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李阳兵,李潇然,张恒,等.基于聚落演变的岩溶山地聚落体系空间结构整合--以后寨河地区为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(10):1505-1513.Li Yangbing,Li Xiaoran,Zhang Heng,et al.Spatial structure integration of rural settlements in Karst mountains based on settlement's evolution:A case of Houzhaihe Area[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(10):1505-1513.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Li Yurui,Long Hualou,Liu Yansui.Spatio-temporal pattern of China's rural development:A rurality index perspective[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2015,38:12-26.
[17]Long Hualou,Liu Yansui,Wu Xiuqin,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of farmland and rural settlements in Su-XiChang region:Implications for building a new countryside in coastal China[J].Land Use Policy,2009,26(2):322-333.
[18]葛丹东.中国村庄规划体系与模式:当今新农村建设的战略与技术[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010.
[19]Liu Yansui,Zhang Fugang.Appraisal of typical rural development models during rapid urbanization in the eastern coastal region of China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,19(5):557-567.
[20]Li Yuheng,Wu Wenhao,Liu Yansui.Land consolidation for rural sustainability in China:Practical reflections and policy implications[J].Land Use Policy,2018,74:137-141.
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