武汉市洪涝灾害后血吸虫病传播风险评估
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摘要
目的评估武汉市洪涝灾害后血吸虫病传播的潜在风险。方法 2017年4-10月在武汉市采用容量比例概率法(PPS法)选择抽样村,现场进行螺情、人畜活动情况、水体血吸虫感染性、江滩保虫宿主和野粪污染情况调查,评定I~III级风险村。划分血吸虫病防治重点区域,采取相应措施进行处理。结果武汉市90个抽样村共调查170个螺点,捕获钉螺9 811只,解剖后未发现血吸虫感染阳性钉螺;洪涝灾害后钉螺存活率(χ~2=102.517,P<0.01)和活螺密度(t=4.724,P<0.01)均下降;共收集野粪289份,检测后未查出血吸虫卵;11个哨鼠监测点共投放哨鼠221只,饲养后存活219只,存活率99.10%,解剖后未发现血吸虫感染阳性;3个野鼠捕获点共投放捕鼠夹1 720只,共捕获黑线姬鼠66只,解剖后未发现血吸虫感染阳性。根据风险评估标准各抽样村均属于Ⅲ级风险。共划分5块血吸虫病防治重点区域,采取综合措施干预后,未发生血吸虫病突发疫情。结论洪涝灾害后武汉市血吸虫病传播风险水平较低,但潜在传播风险不容忽视。
Objective To assess the schistosomiasis transmission risk after flood damage in Wuhan City. Methods Schisto.somiasis epidemic villages in Wuhan City were selected by using probability proportional to size sampling(PPS). The field inves.tigations of Oncomelania hupensis snails,the activity of people and cattle on marshland,water infectivity of schistosome,reser.voir host infection and wild feces contamination were conducted. I-III levels of risk environments were assessed and treated with appropriate measures. Results A total of 90 schistosomiasis epidemic villages and 170 environments were monitored. Totally9 811 snails were dissected but no Schistosoma japonicum infected snails were found. There were significant decreases in the density of snails and the survival rate of living snails after the flood(χ~2 = 102.517,t = 4.724,both P < 0.01). Totally 289 pieces of wild feces were captured,and no eggs of S. japonicum were detected. A total of 11 surveillance and forecast sites were detect.ed on water systems,and 221 sentinel mice were placed. After breeding,219 sentinel mice survived(99.10%),and no schisto.some infection was detected. In addition,1 720 mouse traps were placed in 3 survey sites,and 66 Apodemus agrarius were cap.tured,and no schistosome.infected ones were found. All of the environments were assessed as Grade III. Meanwhile,5 key schis.tosomiasis control areas were determined,and no emergency happened after the implementation of comprehensive control inter.ventions. Conclusion The risk of schistosomiasis transmission remains low in Wuhan City after the flood,but the potential epi.demic risk cannot be ignored.
Objective To assess the schistosomiasis transmission risk after flood damage in Wuhan City. Methods Schisto.somiasis epidemic villages in Wuhan City were selected by using probability proportional to size sampling(PPS). The field inves.tigations of Oncomelania hupensis snails,the activity of people and cattle on marshland,water infectivity of schistosome,reser.voir host infection and wild feces contamination were conducted. I-III levels of risk environments were assessed and treated with appropriate measures. Results A total of 90 schistosomiasis epidemic villages and 170 environments were monitored. Totally9 811 snails were dissected but no Schistosoma japonicum infected snails were found. There were significant decreases in the density of snails and the survival rate of living snails after the flood(χ~2 = 102.517,t = 4.724,both P < 0.01). Totally 289 pieces of wild feces were captured,and no eggs of S. japonicum were detected. A total of 11 surveillance and forecast sites were detect.ed on water systems,and 221 sentinel mice were placed. After breeding,219 sentinel mice survived(99.10%),and no schisto.some infection was detected. In addition,1 720 mouse traps were placed in 3 survey sites,and 66 Apodemus agrarius were cap.tured,and no schistosome.infected ones were found. All of the environments were assessed as Grade III. Meanwhile,5 key schis.tosomiasis control areas were determined,and no emergency happened after the implementation of comprehensive control inter.ventions. Conclusion The risk of schistosomiasis transmission remains low in Wuhan City after the flood,but the potential epi.demic risk cannot be ignored.
引文
[1]王浩,李洋,徐明星,等. 2005-2014年武汉市血吸虫病疫情趋势研究[J].动物医学防制,2016,32(1):25-27.
[2]李洋,王浩,罗华堂,等.湖沼型血吸虫病流行区应对特大洪涝灾害措施及成效[J].热带病与寄生虫学,2017,15(3):161-163.
[3]陈艳艳,黄希宝,蔡顺祥,等.湖北省2008-2012年血吸虫病防治效果评估[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2014,25(2):33-37.
[4]王浩,李群英,罗华堂,等.血吸虫病患者数推算两种方法结果比较探讨[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2013,24(2):47-49.
[5]吴风波,谭晓东.钉螺空间定位技术应用指南[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2015:42.
[6]利国,李翔,单晓伟,等. 2014-2016年武汉市血吸虫病重点水域哨鼠监测分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(6):49-51.
[7]李培军.不等概率抽样估计的原理与应用[J].辽宁师范大学学报:自然科学版,2004,27(4):385-388.
[8]邓芷晴,谭晓东,杨芬,等.武汉汉口江滩血防综合整治灭螺效果初步评价[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(1):57-59.
[9]黄轶昕,孙乐平,洪青标,等.洪涝灾害后长江下游洲滩钉螺消长和扩散趋势纵向观察[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2004,16(4):253-256.
[10]曹淳力,李石柱,周晓农.特大洪涝灾害对我国血吸虫病传播的影响及应急处置[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(6):618-623.
[11]胡雪军,董罡.洪涝灾害对血吸虫病流行的影响[J].中华灾害救援医学,2015,3(12):701-704.
[12]杨军晶,周晓蓉,刘建兵,等. 2004-2015年湖北省血吸虫病疫情分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(3):81-83.
[13]沈美芬,冯锡光,张云,等. 2015年云南省血吸虫病流行区重点水域哨鼠监测结果分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2017,29(2):209-211.
[14]王浩,罗华堂,周水茂,等. 2011年武汉市血吸虫病重点水域哨鼠监测预警[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012,24(4):415-419.
[15]左引萍,朱道建,杜广林,等.江苏省血吸虫病疫情监测与风险评估系统的研究Ⅲ扬州市沿江地区血吸虫病传播风险监测评估[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(4):31-32.
[16]韦美娟,陈胜军,吴思旸. 2011-2014年宜州市血吸虫病疫情分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):94-96.
[17]丁兆军,马军,王道芬,等.湖北省荆门市血吸虫病传播风险监测报告[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2017,29(5):619-621.
[2]李洋,王浩,罗华堂,等.湖沼型血吸虫病流行区应对特大洪涝灾害措施及成效[J].热带病与寄生虫学,2017,15(3):161-163.
[3]陈艳艳,黄希宝,蔡顺祥,等.湖北省2008-2012年血吸虫病防治效果评估[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2014,25(2):33-37.
[4]王浩,李群英,罗华堂,等.血吸虫病患者数推算两种方法结果比较探讨[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2013,24(2):47-49.
[5]吴风波,谭晓东.钉螺空间定位技术应用指南[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2015:42.
[6]利国,李翔,单晓伟,等. 2014-2016年武汉市血吸虫病重点水域哨鼠监测分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(6):49-51.
[7]李培军.不等概率抽样估计的原理与应用[J].辽宁师范大学学报:自然科学版,2004,27(4):385-388.
[8]邓芷晴,谭晓东,杨芬,等.武汉汉口江滩血防综合整治灭螺效果初步评价[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(1):57-59.
[9]黄轶昕,孙乐平,洪青标,等.洪涝灾害后长江下游洲滩钉螺消长和扩散趋势纵向观察[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2004,16(4):253-256.
[10]曹淳力,李石柱,周晓农.特大洪涝灾害对我国血吸虫病传播的影响及应急处置[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(6):618-623.
[11]胡雪军,董罡.洪涝灾害对血吸虫病流行的影响[J].中华灾害救援医学,2015,3(12):701-704.
[12]杨军晶,周晓蓉,刘建兵,等. 2004-2015年湖北省血吸虫病疫情分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(3):81-83.
[13]沈美芬,冯锡光,张云,等. 2015年云南省血吸虫病流行区重点水域哨鼠监测结果分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2017,29(2):209-211.
[14]王浩,罗华堂,周水茂,等. 2011年武汉市血吸虫病重点水域哨鼠监测预警[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012,24(4):415-419.
[15]左引萍,朱道建,杜广林,等.江苏省血吸虫病疫情监测与风险评估系统的研究Ⅲ扬州市沿江地区血吸虫病传播风险监测评估[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(4):31-32.
[16]韦美娟,陈胜军,吴思旸. 2011-2014年宜州市血吸虫病疫情分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):94-96.
[17]丁兆军,马军,王道芬,等.湖北省荆门市血吸虫病传播风险监测报告[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2017,29(5):619-621.