琼东南海域水合物OBS资料成像处理关键技术
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摘要
海底地震仪(OBS)资料同时具备纵波和转换横波的优势,但其接收站点少、接收间距大的特点导致其处理方式相对常规海洋地震资料而言具有极大的挑战.对本文主要针对于OBS资料处理的关键技术:利用直达波进行OBS重定位处理,保证后续处理的正确性;利用水检资料和陆检资料进行波场分离,获得上行波场和下行波场;利用下行波进行P波镜像叠前时间偏移处理;对转换横波利用欧拉重构进行重定向处理及极化旋转处理、进行转换横波叠前时间偏移处理.最终获得海底成像清楚、海底以下成像分辨率高、偏移归位准确的OBS纵剖面及相应的转换横波剖面.同时具备的纵、横波剖面利于解释专家对水合物成矿区域进行综合分析.
Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS) have the advantage of P-wave and PS-wave at the same time,but the less receiver and large interval lead the processing method has a great challenge compare with the usually ocean seismic data. This article focuses on the OBS data's key processing: using direct wave for OBS reposition to ensure the correct of following processing; by P component and Z component to separate the wave field as up-going and down-going wave field data; using has the wider range of imaging's down-going data to do the mirror migration; To PS-wave we do the reorient and polarization rotation by euler remodeling transformed and PS time migration processing. Finally we obtain OBS P-wave profile and relevant PS-wave profile has clear sea bottom imaging, high resolution imaging below the sea bottom, migration position accurate. These two kinds of section are beneficial to interpreter to do the comprehensive analysis in hydrate area.
Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS) have the advantage of P-wave and PS-wave at the same time,but the less receiver and large interval lead the processing method has a great challenge compare with the usually ocean seismic data. This article focuses on the OBS data's key processing: using direct wave for OBS reposition to ensure the correct of following processing; by P component and Z component to separate the wave field as up-going and down-going wave field data; using has the wider range of imaging's down-going data to do the mirror migration; To PS-wave we do the reorient and polarization rotation by euler remodeling transformed and PS time migration processing. Finally we obtain OBS P-wave profile and relevant PS-wave profile has clear sea bottom imaging, high resolution imaging below the sea bottom, migration position accurate. These two kinds of section are beneficial to interpreter to do the comprehensive analysis in hydrate area.
引文
Ao W,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.2010.The correction of shot and OBSposition in the 3D seismic experiment of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(12):2982-2991,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.022.
Barr F J.1997.Dual-sensor OBC technology[J].The Leading Edge,16(1):45-52.
Fu D D,Liu Y F,Wen S L,et al.2003.Orientation correction for horizontal components in marine multi-component seismic exploration[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),42(4):460-467.
Gao S W,Zhao B,Gao X,et al.2015.A method for OBC dual-sensor data matching[J].Oil geophysical prospecting(in Chinese),50(1):29-32,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2015.01.005.
He Z Q,Zhang B Q,Liu Y Y,et al.2011.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their applications in OBC data processing[J].Oil geophysical prospecting(in Chinese),46(4):522-528.
Huang X D,Yang W X.2009.Converted wave seismic exploration[M].Petroleum industry press(in Chinese),111-119.
Li Z H,Zheng Y P,Zhi P Y,et al.2015.The new progress of deep seismic survey and crustal structure in southeast of Bohai sea-based on the data processing and analysis of OBS2013 line[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(3):1402-1409,doi:10.6038/pg20150354.
Liu L H,Lv C C,Hao T Y,et al.2012.Data processing methods of OBS and its development tendency in detection of offshore oil and gas resources[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(6):2673-2684,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.047.
Qiu X L,Zhao M H,Ao W,et al.OBS survey and crustal structure of the Southwest Sub-basin and Nansha Block,South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(12):3117-3128,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.012.
Soubaras R.2010.Deghosting by joint deconvolution of a migration and a mirror migration[C].//80th SEG Annual International Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists.Expanded Abstracts,3406-3410.
Wang T K,Chen T R,Deng J M,et al.2015a.Velocity structures imaged from long-offset reflection data and four-component OBS data at Jiulong Methane Reef in the northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,68:206-218.
Wang X C,Han Y W,Liu C C,et al.2015b.Research on improving conventional marine seismic streamer data imaging quality using OBSdata from Northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,116:10-16.
Wang Y L,Yan P.2009.Lateral resolution analysis of deep crustal sounding:A case study on the data from ocean bottom seismometers in the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(9):2282-2290,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.09.012.
Xue W Z,Wang S R,Yang X Y.2013.OBC dual-sensor data processing on the Echos processing system[J].Oil geophysical prospecting(in Chinese),48:23-26.
Yang Z H,Chang J.2002.Discussion on secondary positioning in OBCsurvey[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),41(3):331-333.
Zhang G X,Xu H N,Liu X W,et al.2014.The acoustic velocity characteristics of sediment with gas hydrate revealed by integrated exploration of 3D seismic and OBS data in Shenhu area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1169-1176,doi:10.6038/cjg20140414.
Zhang J Z,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.2012.OBS seismic data processing and preliminary results on the hydrothermal field of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Journal of tropical oceanography(in Chinese),31(3):79-89,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.011.
Zhang L,Zhao M H,Wang J,et al.2013.Correction of OBS position and recent advances of 3D seismic exploration in the central subbasin of south china sea[J].Earth science-journal of china university of geosciences(in Chinese),38(1):33-42,doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.004.
Zheng H B,Yan P,Jin D.2013.A method to suppress ghost reflection and reverberation in OBC multicomponent seismic data and its effect analysis in Yinggehai basin[J].China offshore oil and gas(in Chinese),25(3):23-27.
Zhong G J,Liu D M,Feng C M,et al.2014.Mirroring pre-stack time migration processing for OBS p-wave data[J].Journal of tropical oceanography(in Chinese),33(3):46-51,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.03.007.
Zhu L M,Wu X Q,Li J W,et al.2010.The euler’s rotation and dynamic equation of rectangular coordinate system[J].Hydrographic surveying and charting(in Chinese),3(3):20-22.
敖威,赵明辉,丘学林,等.2010.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正[J].地球物理学报,53(12):2982-2991,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.022.
傅旦丹,刘一峰,温书亮,等.2003.海上多分量地震勘探水平分量方位校正[J].石油物探,42(4):460-463,468.
高少武,赵波,高轩,等.2015.OBC水陆检数据匹配技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,50(1):29-32,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2015.01.005.
贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英,等.2011.双检理论研究及合成处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(4):522-528.
黄绪德,杨文霞.2009.转换波地震勘探[M].石油工业出版社,111-119.
李祖辉,郑彦鹏,支鹏遥,等.2015.渤海东南部深地震探测与地壳结构研究新进展-OBS2013剖面数据处理分析[J].地球物理学进展,30(3):1402-1409,doi:10.6038/PG20150354.
刘丽华,吕川川,郝天珧,等.2012.海底地震仪数据处理方法及其在海洋油气资源探测中的发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,27(6):2673-2684,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.047.
丘学林,赵明辉,敖威,等.2011.南海西南次海盆与南沙地块的OBS探测和地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,54(12):3117-3128,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.012.
王彦林,阎贫.2009.深地震探测的分辨率分析-以南海北部OBS数据为例[J].地球物理学报,52(9):2282-2290,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.09.012.
薛维忠,王淑荣,杨晓艳,等.2013.基于Echos处理系统的OBC双检资料处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,48(S1):23-26.
杨正华,常军.2002.海底电缆地震中二次定位法的探讨[J].石油物探,41(3):330-333.
张光学,徐华宁,刘学伟,等.2014.三维地震与OBS联合勘探揭示的神狐海域含水合物地层声波速度特征[J].地球物理学报,57(4):1169-1176,doi:10.6038/cjg20140414.
张佳政,赵明辉,丘学林,等.2012.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果[J].热带海洋学报,31(3):79-89,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.011.
张莉,赵明辉,王建,等.2013.南海中央次海盆OBS位置校正及三维地震探测新进展[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,38(1):33-42,doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.004.
郑红波,阎贫,金丹.2013.莺歌海盆地OBC多分量地震虚反射和鸣震压制及其效果分析[J].中国海上油气,25(3):23-27.
钟广见,刘大锰,冯常茂,等.2014.OBS纵波资料镜像叠前时间偏移处理[J].热带海洋学报,33(3):46-51,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.03.007.
朱雷鸣,吴晓平,李建伟,等.2010.直角坐标系的欧拉旋转变换及动力学方程[J].海洋测绘,30(3):20-22,40.
Barr F J.1997.Dual-sensor OBC technology[J].The Leading Edge,16(1):45-52.
Fu D D,Liu Y F,Wen S L,et al.2003.Orientation correction for horizontal components in marine multi-component seismic exploration[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),42(4):460-467.
Gao S W,Zhao B,Gao X,et al.2015.A method for OBC dual-sensor data matching[J].Oil geophysical prospecting(in Chinese),50(1):29-32,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2015.01.005.
He Z Q,Zhang B Q,Liu Y Y,et al.2011.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their applications in OBC data processing[J].Oil geophysical prospecting(in Chinese),46(4):522-528.
Huang X D,Yang W X.2009.Converted wave seismic exploration[M].Petroleum industry press(in Chinese),111-119.
Li Z H,Zheng Y P,Zhi P Y,et al.2015.The new progress of deep seismic survey and crustal structure in southeast of Bohai sea-based on the data processing and analysis of OBS2013 line[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(3):1402-1409,doi:10.6038/pg20150354.
Liu L H,Lv C C,Hao T Y,et al.2012.Data processing methods of OBS and its development tendency in detection of offshore oil and gas resources[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(6):2673-2684,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.047.
Qiu X L,Zhao M H,Ao W,et al.OBS survey and crustal structure of the Southwest Sub-basin and Nansha Block,South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(12):3117-3128,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.012.
Soubaras R.2010.Deghosting by joint deconvolution of a migration and a mirror migration[C].//80th SEG Annual International Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists.Expanded Abstracts,3406-3410.
Wang T K,Chen T R,Deng J M,et al.2015a.Velocity structures imaged from long-offset reflection data and four-component OBS data at Jiulong Methane Reef in the northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,68:206-218.
Wang X C,Han Y W,Liu C C,et al.2015b.Research on improving conventional marine seismic streamer data imaging quality using OBSdata from Northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,116:10-16.
Wang Y L,Yan P.2009.Lateral resolution analysis of deep crustal sounding:A case study on the data from ocean bottom seismometers in the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(9):2282-2290,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.09.012.
Xue W Z,Wang S R,Yang X Y.2013.OBC dual-sensor data processing on the Echos processing system[J].Oil geophysical prospecting(in Chinese),48:23-26.
Yang Z H,Chang J.2002.Discussion on secondary positioning in OBCsurvey[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),41(3):331-333.
Zhang G X,Xu H N,Liu X W,et al.2014.The acoustic velocity characteristics of sediment with gas hydrate revealed by integrated exploration of 3D seismic and OBS data in Shenhu area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1169-1176,doi:10.6038/cjg20140414.
Zhang J Z,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.2012.OBS seismic data processing and preliminary results on the hydrothermal field of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Journal of tropical oceanography(in Chinese),31(3):79-89,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.011.
Zhang L,Zhao M H,Wang J,et al.2013.Correction of OBS position and recent advances of 3D seismic exploration in the central subbasin of south china sea[J].Earth science-journal of china university of geosciences(in Chinese),38(1):33-42,doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.004.
Zheng H B,Yan P,Jin D.2013.A method to suppress ghost reflection and reverberation in OBC multicomponent seismic data and its effect analysis in Yinggehai basin[J].China offshore oil and gas(in Chinese),25(3):23-27.
Zhong G J,Liu D M,Feng C M,et al.2014.Mirroring pre-stack time migration processing for OBS p-wave data[J].Journal of tropical oceanography(in Chinese),33(3):46-51,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.03.007.
Zhu L M,Wu X Q,Li J W,et al.2010.The euler’s rotation and dynamic equation of rectangular coordinate system[J].Hydrographic surveying and charting(in Chinese),3(3):20-22.
敖威,赵明辉,丘学林,等.2010.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正[J].地球物理学报,53(12):2982-2991,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.12.022.
傅旦丹,刘一峰,温书亮,等.2003.海上多分量地震勘探水平分量方位校正[J].石油物探,42(4):460-463,468.
高少武,赵波,高轩,等.2015.OBC水陆检数据匹配技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,50(1):29-32,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2015.01.005.
贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英,等.2011.双检理论研究及合成处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(4):522-528.
黄绪德,杨文霞.2009.转换波地震勘探[M].石油工业出版社,111-119.
李祖辉,郑彦鹏,支鹏遥,等.2015.渤海东南部深地震探测与地壳结构研究新进展-OBS2013剖面数据处理分析[J].地球物理学进展,30(3):1402-1409,doi:10.6038/PG20150354.
刘丽华,吕川川,郝天珧,等.2012.海底地震仪数据处理方法及其在海洋油气资源探测中的发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,27(6):2673-2684,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.047.
丘学林,赵明辉,敖威,等.2011.南海西南次海盆与南沙地块的OBS探测和地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,54(12):3117-3128,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.012.
王彦林,阎贫.2009.深地震探测的分辨率分析-以南海北部OBS数据为例[J].地球物理学报,52(9):2282-2290,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.09.012.
薛维忠,王淑荣,杨晓艳,等.2013.基于Echos处理系统的OBC双检资料处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,48(S1):23-26.
杨正华,常军.2002.海底电缆地震中二次定位法的探讨[J].石油物探,41(3):330-333.
张光学,徐华宁,刘学伟,等.2014.三维地震与OBS联合勘探揭示的神狐海域含水合物地层声波速度特征[J].地球物理学报,57(4):1169-1176,doi:10.6038/cjg20140414.
张佳政,赵明辉,丘学林,等.2012.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果[J].热带海洋学报,31(3):79-89,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.011.
张莉,赵明辉,王建,等.2013.南海中央次海盆OBS位置校正及三维地震探测新进展[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,38(1):33-42,doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.004.
郑红波,阎贫,金丹.2013.莺歌海盆地OBC多分量地震虚反射和鸣震压制及其效果分析[J].中国海上油气,25(3):23-27.
钟广见,刘大锰,冯常茂,等.2014.OBS纵波资料镜像叠前时间偏移处理[J].热带海洋学报,33(3):46-51,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2014.03.007.
朱雷鸣,吴晓平,李建伟,等.2010.直角坐标系的欧拉旋转变换及动力学方程[J].海洋测绘,30(3):20-22,40.