秸秆配合颗粒粗饲料粉碎粒度对育肥期绵羊生产性能的影响
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摘要
为研究秸秆配合颗粒饲料中粗饲料粉碎粒度对绵羊生产性能的影响,试验选取健康的5月龄小尾寒羊公羔42只,依据体重进行单因素完全随机试验设计,分为2.5 mm组、6 mm组、12 mm组、16 mm组、20 mm组和25 mm组,每组7只。试验期70 d。试验结果表明:干物质采食量2.5 mm组、6 mm组和12 mm组分别极显著低于16 mm组、20 mm组和25 mm组(P <0.01);20 mm组的干物质采食量极显著高于16 mm组和25 mm(P <0.01),16 mm组和25 mm组组间差异不显著(P> 0.05);日增重随筛网孔径的变化呈现正弦曲线变化(R2=0.84);16 mm组和20 mm组的平均日增重高于300 g/d,16 mm组、20 mm组和25 mm组各组间的平均日增重差异不显著(P> 0.05);16 mm组的平均日增重分别比2.5 mm组、6 mm组和12 mm组高19.62%(P <0.05)、28.90%(P <0.01)和22.94%(P <0.05);料肉比6 mm组> 12 mm组> 2.5 mm组> 25 mm组> 20 mm组> 16 mm组。试验结果说明:过16 mm孔径筛网的粗饲料制作的颗粒对绵羊的增重效果最好,此时配合颗粒饲料的peNDF1.18为64.09%～69.46%,peNDF8.00为27.03%～37.71%。
In order to investigate the responses of fattening sheep in production performance to the treatments of roughage particle size of straw combined particle,forty-two healthy sheep with 5-month-old were averagely placed into 2.5,6,12,16,20 mm and 25 mm group according to their body weight.These sheep were fed with different diets according to their roughage particle size which were added same proportion to the same nutrients requirements diet during 70-day experimental period.The results showed that the dry matter intake was extremely significantly lower in the 2.5,6 mm and 12 mm group than those in the 16,20 mm and 25 mm group(P < 0.01).The dry matter intake of 20 mm group was extremely significantly higher than 16 mm and 25 mm group(P < 0.01),but there was no significant difference between 16 mm and 25 mm group(P > 0.05).The daily gain had a sine curve with the change of mesh size.The average daily gain of 16 mm and 20 mm group were higher than 300 g/d,while the average daily gain of 16,20 mm and 25 mm group had no significant difference(P > 0.05).The average daily gain of 16 mm group was higher than 2.5,6 mm and 12 mm group 19.62%(P <0.05),28.90%(P < 0.01) and 22.94%(P < 0.05),respectively.The feed-meat ratio was highest in 6 mm group and lowest in 16 mm group.The results suggested that the pellets made from roughage crushing by 16 mm mesh size had the best daily gain on sheep,while the peNDF1.18 and peNDF8.00 of straw combined particle were64.09% ～ 69.46% and 27.03% ～ 37.71%.
In order to investigate the responses of fattening sheep in production performance to the treatments of roughage particle size of straw combined particle,forty-two healthy sheep with 5-month-old were averagely placed into 2.5,6,12,16,20 mm and 25 mm group according to their body weight.These sheep were fed with different diets according to their roughage particle size which were added same proportion to the same nutrients requirements diet during 70-day experimental period.The results showed that the dry matter intake was extremely significantly lower in the 2.5,6 mm and 12 mm group than those in the 16,20 mm and 25 mm group(P < 0.01).The dry matter intake of 20 mm group was extremely significantly higher than 16 mm and 25 mm group(P < 0.01),but there was no significant difference between 16 mm and 25 mm group(P > 0.05).The daily gain had a sine curve with the change of mesh size.The average daily gain of 16 mm and 20 mm group were higher than 300 g/d,while the average daily gain of 16,20 mm and 25 mm group had no significant difference(P > 0.05).The average daily gain of 16 mm group was higher than 2.5,6 mm and 12 mm group 19.62%(P <0.05),28.90%(P < 0.01) and 22.94%(P < 0.05),respectively.The feed-meat ratio was highest in 6 mm group and lowest in 16 mm group.The results suggested that the pellets made from roughage crushing by 16 mm mesh size had the best daily gain on sheep,while the peNDF1.18 and peNDF8.00 of straw combined particle were64.09% ～ 69.46% and 27.03% ～ 37.71%.
引文
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[2]丁耿芝,孟庆翔.反刍动物干物质采食量预测模型研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(2):248~255.
[3]郭同军,臧长江,王连群,等.去势对17~21月龄西门塔尔牛生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(5):1173~1179.
[4]郭同军,张志军,赵洁,等.蒸汽爆破发酵棉秆饲喂绵羊效果分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(7):288~293.
[5]李飞.奶山羊亚急性瘤胃酸中毒模型构建与奶牛日粮CBI的优化:[博士学位论文][D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[6]李文娟,刁其玉.肉羊日粮干物质采食量及其影响因素的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,32(19):4~5.
[7]栗文钰,孙龙生,李智春,等.TMR日粮不同颗粒大小对奶牛采食行为的影响[J].饲料工业,2009,30(1):15~18.
[8]王加启,于建国.饲料分析与检验[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2004.
[9]王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011.
[10]王文豪,肖锋,曾初祥,等.浅谈养殖户肉猪饲养中影响料重比的因素[J].猪业科学,2016,33(4):120.
[11]姚军虎,李飞,李发弟,等.反刍动物有效纤维评价体系及需要量[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(10):3168~3174.
[12]叶明,张爱忠,姜宁,等.饲粮物理有效纤维与谷物瘤胃可降解淀粉平衡影响奶牛咀嚼活动和养分表观消化率[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3408~3413.
[13]张海涛,王加启,卜登攀,等.影响犊牛瘤胃发育的因素研究[J].乳业科学与技术,2008,2:87~89.
[14]赵向辉.日粮peNDF水平对山羊咀嚼活动、瘤胃发酵和养分消化率的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[15]中华人民共和国农业部.肉羊饲养标准[S].2004.
[16]Galyean M L,Tedeschi L O.Predicting microbial protein synthesis in beef cattle:relationship to intakes of total digestible nutrients and crude protein[J].Journal of animal science,2014,92(11):5099~50111.
[17]Heinrichs J,Kononoff P.Evaluating particle size of forages and TMRs using the New Penn State Forage Particle Separator[R].Pennsylvania:The Pennsylvania State University,2002.
[18]Heinrichs J.The Penn State Particle Separator[R].Pennsylvania:The Pennsylvania State University,2013.
[19]Kmicikewycz A D,Heinrichs A J.Effect of corn silage particle size and supplemental hay on rumen pH and feed preference by dairy cows fed high-starch diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(1):373.
[20]Li F,Yang X J,Cao Y C,et al.Effects of dietary effective fiber to rumen degradable starch ratios on the risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis and rumen content fatty acids composition in dairy goat[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,189:54~62.
[21]SáNeto A,Bispo AW,Junges D,et al.Exchanging physically effective neutral detergent fiber does not affect chewing activity and performance of late-lactation dairy cows fed corn and sugarcane silages[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(11):7012~7020.
[22]Stojanovic B,Grubic G,Djordjevic N,et al.Effect of physical effectiveness on digestibility of ration for cows in early lactation[J].Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition,2014,98(4):714~721.
[23]Wang Min,Zhao Xiao Gang,Liao Hai Yan,et al.Effects of rice straw particle size on digesta particle size distribution,nitrogen metabolism,blood biochemical parameters,microbial amino acid composition and intestinal amino acid digestibility in goats[J].Animal science journal,2011,82(1):78~85.
[24]Zebeli Q,Aschenbach J R,Tafaj M,et al.Invited review:role of physically effective fiber and estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(3):1041~1056.
[25]Zebeli Q,Mansmann D,Ametaj B N,et al.A model to optimise the requirements of lactating dairy cows for physically effective neutral detergent fibre[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2010,64(4):265~278.