热应激条件下不同生理阶段安格斯母牛维持行为和生理生化指标的差异研究
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摘要
试验旨在研究热应激条件下不同生理阶段安格斯母牛维持行为和生理生化指标的差异,以期了解安格斯牛耐热性能,为建立相应的饲养管理方案提供理论依据。随机选取分娩后2~3个月的空怀哺乳(LN)组、干奶1~2个月的空怀(NN)组和妊娠6~7个月(GE)组黑安格斯母牛各4头,监测其在热应激条件下的生理常值、维持行为和血清生化指标。结果表明:(1)在热应激条件下,3组间呼吸频率和直肠温度差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)GE组每个反刍周期食团数显著高于LN组(P<0.05),GE组和NN组的采食时间都显著高于LN组(P<0.05),而站立/游走时间显著低于LN组(P<0.05),GE组和LN组的卧息时间显著高于NN组(P<0.05)。(3)与NN组比较,GE组的血清CK、IgA、T4、UN浓度显著降低(P<0.05);与LN组比较,GE组除血清UN显著降低(P<0.05)外,血清ALT、AST、CK、TP、GLU、T3、T4、IgG、IgA两组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);NN组血清TP和T4显著高于LN组(P<0.05),血清ALT、AST、CK、UN、GLU、T3、IgG、IgA两组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,热应激条件下,不同生理阶段安格斯母牛均表现出良好的耐热性能,且妊娠组母牛在采食行为、反刍行为、维持肌细胞功能和蛋白质代谢方面优于空怀组。
In order to understand heat resistance of Angus and provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of feeding management plan accordingly,this experiment was conducted to investigate the difference of maintenance behavior and physiological and biochemical indexes of Angus cows at different physiological stages under heat stress.Four Black Angus cows in each group of non-pregnancy and lactation for 2~3 months(LN),non-pregnancy and non-lactation for 1~2 months(NN),gestation for 6~7 months(GE)were randomly selected.Physiological normal value,maintenance behavior and serum biochemical indexes under heat stress were observed.The results showed as follows:(1)There was no significant difference in respiratory rate and rectal temperature among groups under the condition of heat stress(P>0.05),but respiratory rate was higher than normal value and rectal temperature was in normal range.(2)The boluses in each ruminant cycle of GE group is evidently higher than LN group(P<0.05);feeding time of GE group and NN group were significantly higher than that of LN group(P<0.05),while idling time was evidently lower than that of LN group(P<0.05);resting time of GE group and LN group were higher than that of NN group(P<0.05).(3)Compared with NN group,CK,IgA,T4,UN of GE group were significantly decreased;compared with LN group,there was no evident difference in ALT,AST,CK,TP,GLU,T3,T4,IgG and IgA in serum of GE group(P>0.05),but UN reduced(P<0.05);TP and T4 of NN group were remarkably higher than that of LN group,while there was no significant difference in ALT,AST,CK,UN,GLU,T3,IgG and IgA between the two groups.The results reveal that Black Angus cows at different physiological stages showed favorable heat resistance under the condition of heat stress,and feeding,rumination,maintaining cell function and protein metabolism of cows in gestation period were more favorable than in non-pregnancy period.
In order to understand heat resistance of Angus and provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of feeding management plan accordingly,this experiment was conducted to investigate the difference of maintenance behavior and physiological and biochemical indexes of Angus cows at different physiological stages under heat stress.Four Black Angus cows in each group of non-pregnancy and lactation for 2~3 months(LN),non-pregnancy and non-lactation for 1~2 months(NN),gestation for 6~7 months(GE)were randomly selected.Physiological normal value,maintenance behavior and serum biochemical indexes under heat stress were observed.The results showed as follows:(1)There was no significant difference in respiratory rate and rectal temperature among groups under the condition of heat stress(P>0.05),but respiratory rate was higher than normal value and rectal temperature was in normal range.(2)The boluses in each ruminant cycle of GE group is evidently higher than LN group(P<0.05);feeding time of GE group and NN group were significantly higher than that of LN group(P<0.05),while idling time was evidently lower than that of LN group(P<0.05);resting time of GE group and LN group were higher than that of NN group(P<0.05).(3)Compared with NN group,CK,IgA,T4,UN of GE group were significantly decreased;compared with LN group,there was no evident difference in ALT,AST,CK,TP,GLU,T3,T4,IgG and IgA in serum of GE group(P>0.05),but UN reduced(P<0.05);TP and T4 of NN group were remarkably higher than that of LN group,while there was no significant difference in ALT,AST,CK,UN,GLU,T3,IgG and IgA between the two groups.The results reveal that Black Angus cows at different physiological stages showed favorable heat resistance under the condition of heat stress,and feeding,rumination,maintaining cell function and protein metabolism of cows in gestation period were more favorable than in non-pregnancy period.
引文
[1]宋代军,何钦,姚焰础.热应激对不同泌乳阶段奶牛生产性能和血清激素浓度的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2 294-2 302.
[2]井霞,敖日格乐,王纯洁,等.夏季暑热期不同泌乳阶段奶牛维持行为的比较研究[J].中国牛业科学,2006,32(1):34-37.
[3]张华琦,杨正德.不同泌乳时期荷斯坦奶牛的行为观察[J].中国奶牛,2008(3):19-21.
[4]宋小珍,付戴波,瞿明仁,等.热应激对肉牛血清内分泌激素含量、抗氧化酶活性及生理生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(12):2 485-2 490.
[5]王凯,曹少奇,孙帅琪,等.全舍饲条件下安格斯肉牛生长性能及血液生化指标的比较研究[J].中国牛业科学,2016,42(3):4-7.
[6]胡煜,蔡明成,王玲,等.热应激状态下牛血清生化指标、miRNA表达变化及其相关性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(9):1 840-1 847.
[7]BUSBY D,LY D.Heat stress in feedlot cattle:producer survey results[R].Beef research report.Iowa:Iowa State University,1996.
[8]MADER T L,HUNGERFORD L L,NIENABER J A,et al.Heat stress mortality in Midwest feedlots[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(S2):33.
[9]BEATTY D T,BARNES A,TAYIOR E,et a1.Physiological responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle to prolonged,continuous heat and humidity[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(4):972-985.
[10]MADER T L,DAVIS M S,BROWN-BRANDL T.Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(3):712-719.
[11]SPIERS D E,SPAIN J N,SAMPSON J,et al.Use of physiological parameters to predict milk yield and feed intake in heat-stressed dairy cows[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,29(7/8):759-764.
[12]DIKMEN S,HANSEN P J.Is the temperature-humidity index the best indicator of heat stress in lactating dairy cows in a subtropical environment[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(1):109-116.
[13]HAHN G L.Dynamic responses of cattle to thermal heat loads[J].Journal of Animal Science,1999,77(1/2):10-20.
[14]史彬林,闫素梅.奶牛耐热性评定指标的研究[J].中国奶牛,1996(2):21-23.
[15]DEVRIES T J,VON KEYSERLINGK M A,WEARY D M,et al.Measuring the feeding behavior of lactating dairy cows in early to peak lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(10):3 354-3 361.
[16]徐刚毅,张明,李国清,等.波尔山羊的行为观察[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000(S1):16-18.
[17]马燕,王纯洁,敖日格乐,等.蒙药希拉汤对热应激奶牛采食行为、体温和生产性能的影响[C]∥生态环境与畜牧业可持续发展学术研讨会暨中国畜牧兽医学会2012年学术年会和第七届全国畜牧兽医青年科技工作者学术研讨会会议论文集--T01畜舍环境与调控技术专题.中国畜牧兽医学会、中国农业工程学会,2012.
[18]敖日格乐,王纯洁,吕晓伟,等.热应激对荷斯坦奶牛血清酶活力及其行为的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2008,40(9):62-64.
[19]肖定福,张彬.奶牛热应激评定及其营养调控[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(1):101-104.
[20]李俊杰,桑润滋,田树军,等.热应激与牛血液成分的变化[J].家畜生态,2001,22(4):56-59.
[21]臧长江,张俊瑜,王连群,等.日粮阴阳离子平衡对热应激奶牛血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(9):95-100.
[22]MALMOL F K.Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism,partition and consequences of imbalance[J].Swedish Journal of Agriculture Research,1988,18(4):191-193.
[23]韩正康.家畜生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:184.
[24]王文娟,汪水平,左福元,等.中药复方对夏季肉牛的影响:Ⅰ.育肥性能、生理指标及血清激素水平和酶活性[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(10):1 260-1 267.
[25]孟铭伦,周超,王克为,等.核黄素对受冷大鼠甲状腺激素的影响[J].营养学报,1990,12(3):323-327.
[26]胡艳欣,佘锐萍,张洪玉,等.热应激后猪血清中IL-2、IFN-猪及TNF-猪水平的动态变化[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(5):496-499.
[27]蔡明成.热应激对肉牛生理生化指标及外周血microRNA表达水平的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.
[2]井霞,敖日格乐,王纯洁,等.夏季暑热期不同泌乳阶段奶牛维持行为的比较研究[J].中国牛业科学,2006,32(1):34-37.
[3]张华琦,杨正德.不同泌乳时期荷斯坦奶牛的行为观察[J].中国奶牛,2008(3):19-21.
[4]宋小珍,付戴波,瞿明仁,等.热应激对肉牛血清内分泌激素含量、抗氧化酶活性及生理生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(12):2 485-2 490.
[5]王凯,曹少奇,孙帅琪,等.全舍饲条件下安格斯肉牛生长性能及血液生化指标的比较研究[J].中国牛业科学,2016,42(3):4-7.
[6]胡煜,蔡明成,王玲,等.热应激状态下牛血清生化指标、miRNA表达变化及其相关性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(9):1 840-1 847.
[7]BUSBY D,LY D.Heat stress in feedlot cattle:producer survey results[R].Beef research report.Iowa:Iowa State University,1996.
[8]MADER T L,HUNGERFORD L L,NIENABER J A,et al.Heat stress mortality in Midwest feedlots[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(S2):33.
[9]BEATTY D T,BARNES A,TAYIOR E,et a1.Physiological responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle to prolonged,continuous heat and humidity[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(4):972-985.
[10]MADER T L,DAVIS M S,BROWN-BRANDL T.Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(3):712-719.
[11]SPIERS D E,SPAIN J N,SAMPSON J,et al.Use of physiological parameters to predict milk yield and feed intake in heat-stressed dairy cows[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,29(7/8):759-764.
[12]DIKMEN S,HANSEN P J.Is the temperature-humidity index the best indicator of heat stress in lactating dairy cows in a subtropical environment[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(1):109-116.
[13]HAHN G L.Dynamic responses of cattle to thermal heat loads[J].Journal of Animal Science,1999,77(1/2):10-20.
[14]史彬林,闫素梅.奶牛耐热性评定指标的研究[J].中国奶牛,1996(2):21-23.
[15]DEVRIES T J,VON KEYSERLINGK M A,WEARY D M,et al.Measuring the feeding behavior of lactating dairy cows in early to peak lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(10):3 354-3 361.
[16]徐刚毅,张明,李国清,等.波尔山羊的行为观察[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000(S1):16-18.
[17]马燕,王纯洁,敖日格乐,等.蒙药希拉汤对热应激奶牛采食行为、体温和生产性能的影响[C]∥生态环境与畜牧业可持续发展学术研讨会暨中国畜牧兽医学会2012年学术年会和第七届全国畜牧兽医青年科技工作者学术研讨会会议论文集--T01畜舍环境与调控技术专题.中国畜牧兽医学会、中国农业工程学会,2012.
[18]敖日格乐,王纯洁,吕晓伟,等.热应激对荷斯坦奶牛血清酶活力及其行为的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2008,40(9):62-64.
[19]肖定福,张彬.奶牛热应激评定及其营养调控[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(1):101-104.
[20]李俊杰,桑润滋,田树军,等.热应激与牛血液成分的变化[J].家畜生态,2001,22(4):56-59.
[21]臧长江,张俊瑜,王连群,等.日粮阴阳离子平衡对热应激奶牛血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(9):95-100.
[22]MALMOL F K.Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism,partition and consequences of imbalance[J].Swedish Journal of Agriculture Research,1988,18(4):191-193.
[23]韩正康.家畜生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:184.
[24]王文娟,汪水平,左福元,等.中药复方对夏季肉牛的影响:Ⅰ.育肥性能、生理指标及血清激素水平和酶活性[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(10):1 260-1 267.
[25]孟铭伦,周超,王克为,等.核黄素对受冷大鼠甲状腺激素的影响[J].营养学报,1990,12(3):323-327.
[26]胡艳欣,佘锐萍,张洪玉,等.热应激后猪血清中IL-2、IFN-猪及TNF-猪水平的动态变化[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(5):496-499.
[27]蔡明成.热应激对肉牛生理生化指标及外周血microRNA表达水平的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.