水分调控对春小麦生长过程的影响
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摘要
【目的】揭示气候变化背景下陇中半干旱区春小麦生育期株高和根、茎、叶、穗干物质积累规律及对产量的影响,为该区域春小麦生物量研究及建立优化灌溉制度,提高水分利用效率,达到节水增产目的提供理论依据.【方法】在甘肃省定西市安定区进行大田试验,通过设置W_1(50 mm)、W_2(100 mm)、W_3(150 mm)、W_4(200 mm)及对照灌水量W_0(0 mm)5个处理,比较不同灌水处理春小麦生长过程中株高及生物量的差异.【结果】在小麦主要生育期(分蘖期、拔节期、开花期)进行补灌时,灌水量与春小麦株高、叶、根、茎干物质积累差异性显著(P<0.05),表现为随着灌水量的增加,株高及生物量积累也增加,但灌水过多不利于生长指标的积累,各生长指标达到最大对应的灌水处理为W_3>W_4>W_2>W_1.春小麦开花期各生物量与灌水量拟合及回归分析表明,穗、株高干物质积累与灌水量显著相关(P<0.05),相关系数(R~2)分别为0.99,0.87.【结论】在陇中黄土丘陵沟壑区春小麦进行灌水时,灌水量确定在135 mm左右,有助于株高的增长和叶、根、茎干物质量的积累,从而促进粮食的增产.
【Objective】 To determine variations in plant height and dry matter accumulation in root,stem,leaf and ear of spring wheat under different irrigation rates in the semiarid region of central Gansu and their influence on the overall biomass accumulation in order to provide a theoretical basis for establishing the optimal irrigation regime.【Method】 Field trials were carried out in Anding District of Dingxi City,Gansu Province with 5 irrigation treatments: W_1(50 mm),W_2(100 mm),W_3(150 mm),W_4(200 mm) and W_0(0 mm,control).【Result】 In the main growth periods of wheat(tillering,jointing and flowering stages),there were significant variations(P<0.05) in wheat plant height,leaf,root and stem dry matter accumulation under different irrigation amounts which showed that the accumulation of growth indices increased with the increase of irrigation amount,but excessive irrigation was not conducive to wheat growth. Our findings showed that spring wheat biomass increased under irrigation and followed the order: W_3>W_4>W_2>W_1. Regression analysis showed that of the accumulation of dry matter in the ear and total plant were significantly correlated with irrigation amount(P<0.05) at flowering stage,with correlation coefficient(R~2) of 0.99 and 0.87 respectively. Regression analysis showed that the yield reached 1 606 kg/hm~2 when the irrigation amount was 135 mm.【Conclusion】 When spring wheat is irrigated in the hilly and gully areas of the Loess plateau in central Gansu,the optimal irrigation amount was 135 mm.
【Objective】 To determine variations in plant height and dry matter accumulation in root,stem,leaf and ear of spring wheat under different irrigation rates in the semiarid region of central Gansu and their influence on the overall biomass accumulation in order to provide a theoretical basis for establishing the optimal irrigation regime.【Method】 Field trials were carried out in Anding District of Dingxi City,Gansu Province with 5 irrigation treatments: W_1(50 mm),W_2(100 mm),W_3(150 mm),W_4(200 mm) and W_0(0 mm,control).【Result】 In the main growth periods of wheat(tillering,jointing and flowering stages),there were significant variations(P<0.05) in wheat plant height,leaf,root and stem dry matter accumulation under different irrigation amounts which showed that the accumulation of growth indices increased with the increase of irrigation amount,but excessive irrigation was not conducive to wheat growth. Our findings showed that spring wheat biomass increased under irrigation and followed the order: W_3>W_4>W_2>W_1. Regression analysis showed that of the accumulation of dry matter in the ear and total plant were significantly correlated with irrigation amount(P<0.05) at flowering stage,with correlation coefficient(R~2) of 0.99 and 0.87 respectively. Regression analysis showed that the yield reached 1 606 kg/hm~2 when the irrigation amount was 135 mm.【Conclusion】 When spring wheat is irrigated in the hilly and gully areas of the Loess plateau in central Gansu,the optimal irrigation amount was 135 mm.
引文
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[10] Yang J,Jiang N,Chen J.Dynamic simulation of nitrogen application level effects on rice yield and optimization analysis of fertilizer supply in paddy field.[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(10):1654.
[11] 孟亚利,曹卫星,柳新伟,等.水稻地上部干物质分配动态模拟的初步研究[J].作物学报,2004,30(4):376-381.
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[13] 王振华,郑旭荣,姜国军.不同灌水量对滴灌春小麦生长与生理指标的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(3):538-548.
[14] 马香玲,高计生.坝上干旱地区春小麦节水灌溉制度[J].河北水利水电技术,1998(2):14-16.
[15] 董建国,余叔文.细胞分裂素对渍水小麦衰老的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,1984(1):55-62.
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[17] 王淑芬,张喜英,裴冬.不同供水条件对冬小麦根系分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(2):27-32.
[18] 刘荣花,朱自玺,方文松,等.冬小麦根系分布规律[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(11):2024-2027.
[19] 曹翠玲,李生秀,杨希文.灌水模式对作物生长、养分吸收及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(4):56-59.
[20] 周维博.西北地区的农业灌溉与节水途径[J].水利水电科技进展,2001,21(1):2-4.
[21] 李守谦,谢忠奎,兰念军,等.干旱地区春小麦耗水量和节水措施的探讨[J].高原气象,1993(2):209-216.
[22] 张磊,李福生,王连喜,等.不同灌溉量对春小麦生长及产量构成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):46-49.
[23] 陈锐.水分调控对滴灌春小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016.
[24] 聂志刚,李广.光照和温度对旱地小麦叶面积指数的影响[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):894-898.
[25] 马国飞,张磊,袁海燕,等.灌溉量对春小麦地上部分生物量积累及分配规律的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(3):273-277.
[26] 李宁,王振华.北疆不同灌水次数对滴灌春小麦生长及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2013(7):13-15.
[27] 汪东东.滴灌对春小麦干物质积累特征变化及产量的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2015,38(10):6-8.
[28] 黄祥辉.小麦栽培生理[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984.
[29] 董剑,赵万春,高翔,等.水氮调控对小麦植株干物质积累、分配与转运的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(3):196-202.
[30] 姜玉梅,李磊,程铭正,等.冬小麦西农979高产高效水氮组合研究及其效应分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2014,48(3):263-268,287.
[2] 史晓芳,仇松英,史忠良,等.播期和播量对冬小麦尧麦16群体性状和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(3):357-365.
[3] 刘芳亮.播期和密度对冬小麦普冰151籽粒产量和品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[4] 袁俊秀,尚勋武,马小乐,等.播期对春小麦籽粒产量及品质性状的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2007,42(5):73-78.
[5] 慕军鹏.不同播期对春小麦品质性状及其贮藏蛋白合成和积累的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005.
[6] 陈亮亮,黄高宝,李玲玲,等.不同耕作措施对小麦水分利用的影响及机制[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49 (1):48-53.
[7] 贺可勋,赵书河,来建斌,等.水分胁迫对小麦光谱红边参数和产量变化的影响[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(8):2143-2147.
[8] 郑成岩,于振文,张永丽,等.土壤深松和补灌对小麦干物质生产及水分利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2260-2271.
[9] 高志强.土壤水分和耕作方式对小麦水分利用特性及产量形成的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[10] Yang J,Jiang N,Chen J.Dynamic simulation of nitrogen application level effects on rice yield and optimization analysis of fertilizer supply in paddy field.[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(10):1654.
[11] 孟亚利,曹卫星,柳新伟,等.水稻地上部干物质分配动态模拟的初步研究[J].作物学报,2004,30(4):376-381.
[12] Damisch W,Wiberg A.Biomass Yield -A topical issue in modern wheat breeding programmes [J].Plant Breeding,2010,107(1):11-17.
[13] 王振华,郑旭荣,姜国军.不同灌水量对滴灌春小麦生长与生理指标的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(3):538-548.
[14] 马香玲,高计生.坝上干旱地区春小麦节水灌溉制度[J].河北水利水电技术,1998(2):14-16.
[15] 董建国,余叔文.细胞分裂素对渍水小麦衰老的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,1984(1):55-62.
[16] 蒋菊芳,刘明春,魏育国,等.不同灌溉量对沙漠边缘春小麦生育特征及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(29):14075-14077.
[17] 王淑芬,张喜英,裴冬.不同供水条件对冬小麦根系分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(2):27-32.
[18] 刘荣花,朱自玺,方文松,等.冬小麦根系分布规律[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(11):2024-2027.
[19] 曹翠玲,李生秀,杨希文.灌水模式对作物生长、养分吸收及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(4):56-59.
[20] 周维博.西北地区的农业灌溉与节水途径[J].水利水电科技进展,2001,21(1):2-4.
[21] 李守谦,谢忠奎,兰念军,等.干旱地区春小麦耗水量和节水措施的探讨[J].高原气象,1993(2):209-216.
[22] 张磊,李福生,王连喜,等.不同灌溉量对春小麦生长及产量构成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):46-49.
[23] 陈锐.水分调控对滴灌春小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016.
[24] 聂志刚,李广.光照和温度对旱地小麦叶面积指数的影响[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):894-898.
[25] 马国飞,张磊,袁海燕,等.灌溉量对春小麦地上部分生物量积累及分配规律的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(3):273-277.
[26] 李宁,王振华.北疆不同灌水次数对滴灌春小麦生长及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2013(7):13-15.
[27] 汪东东.滴灌对春小麦干物质积累特征变化及产量的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2015,38(10):6-8.
[28] 黄祥辉.小麦栽培生理[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984.
[29] 董剑,赵万春,高翔,等.水氮调控对小麦植株干物质积累、分配与转运的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(3):196-202.
[30] 姜玉梅,李磊,程铭正,等.冬小麦西农979高产高效水氮组合研究及其效应分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2014,48(3):263-268,287.