苹果球壳孢腐烂病菌在中国的适生性及其入侵风险
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摘要
为明确我国禁止进境的植物检疫性真菌有害生物——苹果球壳孢腐烂病菌Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens在中国的适生性以及入侵风险,采用专家评判的生物学建模方法确立了其适生性评判标准,运用ArcGIS软件分析其在我国的适生范围和适生程度;同时采用多指标综合评判法量化分析该病菌入侵我国的风险等级。结果表明,苹果球壳孢腐烂病菌在我国具有很广阔的适生范围,中、高度适生区随季节变化明显。1—4月,中、高度适生区从南到北逐渐扩大;6月,高度适生区扩展到东北和新疆北部;9—10月,在苹果采摘前期和采摘期,苹果球壳孢腐烂病菌处于侵染活跃期,其高度适生区域面积最大,包含了陕西、河北、山东、甘肃、辽宁、河南、山西等我国苹果和梨主产区。按照有害生物多指标综合评判法,对15项评估指标进行赋值,计算所得风险综合评价值R为2.54,该病菌入侵我国的风险等级属特别危险。
In order to clarify the suitability and invasion risk of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens, a phytosanitary fungal pest prohibited from entering China, the evaluation criterion of its suitability was established by using the biological modeling method of expert evaluation, and its suitable growth range and degree in China was analyzed by using ArcGIS software. At the same time, the risk level of its invasion to China was quantitatively analyzed by using the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that S. pyriputrescens had a wide range of suitability in China and its moderately and highly suitable regions varied significantly with seasons. From January to April, the moderately and highly suitable regions gradually expanded from south to north in China, and in June, the highly suitable region expanded to northeastern China and northern Xinjiang. From September to October, during the pre-picking and picking periods of apple, the pathogen was in the active infection stage with the largest highly adaptable areas, including the main production areas of apple and pear in China such as Shaanxi, Hebei,Shandong, Gansu, Liaoning, Henan and Shanxi provinces, etc. According to the multi-index comprehensive evaluation, 15 evaluation indexes were assigned; the calculated comprehensive evaluation value of risk(R) was 2.54, and the invasion risk of S. pyriputrescens to China was particularly dangerous.
In order to clarify the suitability and invasion risk of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens, a phytosanitary fungal pest prohibited from entering China, the evaluation criterion of its suitability was established by using the biological modeling method of expert evaluation, and its suitable growth range and degree in China was analyzed by using ArcGIS software. At the same time, the risk level of its invasion to China was quantitatively analyzed by using the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that S. pyriputrescens had a wide range of suitability in China and its moderately and highly suitable regions varied significantly with seasons. From January to April, the moderately and highly suitable regions gradually expanded from south to north in China, and in June, the highly suitable region expanded to northeastern China and northern Xinjiang. From September to October, during the pre-picking and picking periods of apple, the pathogen was in the active infection stage with the largest highly adaptable areas, including the main production areas of apple and pear in China such as Shaanxi, Hebei,Shandong, Gansu, Liaoning, Henan and Shanxi provinces, etc. According to the multi-index comprehensive evaluation, 15 evaluation indexes were assigned; the calculated comprehensive evaluation value of risk(R) was 2.54, and the invasion risk of S. pyriputrescens to China was particularly dangerous.
引文
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Department of Agriculture and Water Resoures of Australian Government.2009.Draft import risk analysis report for fresh apple fruit from the United States of America pacific northwest states.(2009-10)[2018-10-15].http://www.agriculture.gov.au/
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Kim YK,Caiazzo R,Sikdar P,Xiao CL.2013.First report of Sphaeropsis rot of apple caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in New York.Plant Disease,97(9):1257
Kim YK,Xiao CL,Rogers JD.2005.Influence of culture media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and pycnidial production of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens.Mycologia,97(1):25-32
Li ZH,Qin YJ.2018.Review on the quantitative assessment models for pest risk analysis and their comparison.Plant Protection,44(5):134-145(in Chinese)[李志红,秦誉嘉.2018.有害生物风险分析定量评估模型及其比较.植物保护,44(5):134-145]
Sholberg PL,Stokes SC,O.Gorman DT.2009.First report of a new postharvest disease of pear fruit caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in Canada.Plant Disease,93(8):843
Sikdar P,Okubara P,Mazzola M,Xiao CL.2014.Development of PCRassays for diagnosis and detection of the pathogens Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple fruit.Plant Disease,98(2):241-246
Song YS,Yang AL,He NJ.2000.Pest risk analysis of red turpentine beetle(Dendroctonus valens).Forest Pest and Disease,19(6):34-37(in Chinese)[宋玉双,杨安龙,何嫩江.2000.森林有害生物红脂大小蠹的危险性分析.森林病虫通讯,19(6):34-37]
Wang C,Cai PM,Yi CD,Chen JH.2018.Bibliometric based analysis of the risk assessment of alien invasive pest from 2007 to 2017and introduction of several risk assessment models.Journal of China Agricultural University,23(8):225-238(in Chinese)[王聪,蔡普默,仪传冬,陈家骅.2018.2007-2017年外来入侵害虫风险评估的文献分析及常用风险评估模型介绍.中国农业大学学报,23(8):225-238]
Wang WF,Hu J,Huang HP,Yu YQ.2009.First interception report of Sphaeropsis rot of apple caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in China.Plant Quarantine,23(5):43(in Chinese)[王卫芳,胡佳,黄海鹏,誉勇全.2009.我国首次截获苹果球壳孢果腐病菌.植物检疫,23(5):43]
Xiao CL,Boal RJ.2005.A new canker and twig dieback disease of apple and crabapple trees caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in Washington State.Plant Disease,89(10):1130
Xiao CL,Kim YK,Boal RJ.2011.Control of Sphaeropsis rot in stored apple fruit caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens with postharvest fungicides.Plant Disease,95(9):1075-1079
Xiao CL,Kim YK,Boal RJ.2014.Sources and availability of inoculum and seasonal survival of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple orchards.Plant Disease,98(8):1043-1049
Xiao CL,Rogers JD.2004.A postharvest fruit rot in d’Anjou pears caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens sp.nov.Plant Disease,88(2):114-118
Xiao CL,Rogers JD,Boal RJ.2004.First report of a new postharvest fruit rot on apple caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens.Plant Disease,88(2):223
Yan J,Wu PS,Ma F,Wu Y,Guo JM.2006.Sphaeropsis rot of apple and pear.Plant Quarantine,20(4):225-226(in Chinese)[严进,吴品珊,马菲,巫燕,郭静敏.2006.苹果和梨球壳孢腐烂病.植物检疫,20(4):225-226]
AQSIQ(General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China).2013.AQ-SIQ announcement on plant inspection&quarantine requirements for import fresh pears from the U.S.(AQSIQ Announcement No.11,2013).(2013-01-23)[2018-10-15].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/jlgg_12538/zjgg/2013/201301/t20130123_340152.htm(in Chinese)[国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2013.质检总局关于进口美国鲜梨植物检验检疫要求的公告(2013年第11号).(2013-01-23)[2018-10-15].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/jlgg_12538/zjgg/2013/201301/t20130123_340152.htm]
Department of Agriculture and Water Resoures of Australian Government.2009.Draft import risk analysis report for fresh apple fruit from the United States of America pacific northwest states.(2009-10)[2018-10-15].http://www.agriculture.gov.au/
GAC(General administration of customs of the People’s Republic of China).2018.The warning notification on strengthening the inspection and quarantine of imported American apples and logs by the department of animal and plant inspection and quarantine.(2018-05-07)[2018-10-15].http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/jyjy/dzwjyjy/jsxx/1818396/index.html(in Chinese)[中华人民共和国海关总署.2018.海关总署动植物检疫监管司关于加强对进口美国苹果和原木检验检疫的警示通报.(2018-05-07)[2018-10-15].http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/jyjy/dzwjyjy/jsxx/1818396/index.html]
Jiang Q,Liang YB,Wang NY,Yao WG.1995.The study on quantitative analysis of risk assessment of pest.Plant Quarantine,9(4):208-211(in Chinese)[蒋青,梁忆冰,王乃扬,姚文国.1995.有害生物危险性评价的定量分析方法研究.植物检疫,9(4):208-211]
Kim YK,Caiazzo R,Sikdar P,Xiao CL.2013.First report of Sphaeropsis rot of apple caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in New York.Plant Disease,97(9):1257
Kim YK,Xiao CL,Rogers JD.2005.Influence of culture media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and pycnidial production of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens.Mycologia,97(1):25-32
Li ZH,Qin YJ.2018.Review on the quantitative assessment models for pest risk analysis and their comparison.Plant Protection,44(5):134-145(in Chinese)[李志红,秦誉嘉.2018.有害生物风险分析定量评估模型及其比较.植物保护,44(5):134-145]
Sholberg PL,Stokes SC,O.Gorman DT.2009.First report of a new postharvest disease of pear fruit caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in Canada.Plant Disease,93(8):843
Sikdar P,Okubara P,Mazzola M,Xiao CL.2014.Development of PCRassays for diagnosis and detection of the pathogens Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple fruit.Plant Disease,98(2):241-246
Song YS,Yang AL,He NJ.2000.Pest risk analysis of red turpentine beetle(Dendroctonus valens).Forest Pest and Disease,19(6):34-37(in Chinese)[宋玉双,杨安龙,何嫩江.2000.森林有害生物红脂大小蠹的危险性分析.森林病虫通讯,19(6):34-37]
Wang C,Cai PM,Yi CD,Chen JH.2018.Bibliometric based analysis of the risk assessment of alien invasive pest from 2007 to 2017and introduction of several risk assessment models.Journal of China Agricultural University,23(8):225-238(in Chinese)[王聪,蔡普默,仪传冬,陈家骅.2018.2007-2017年外来入侵害虫风险评估的文献分析及常用风险评估模型介绍.中国农业大学学报,23(8):225-238]
Wang WF,Hu J,Huang HP,Yu YQ.2009.First interception report of Sphaeropsis rot of apple caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in China.Plant Quarantine,23(5):43(in Chinese)[王卫芳,胡佳,黄海鹏,誉勇全.2009.我国首次截获苹果球壳孢果腐病菌.植物检疫,23(5):43]
Xiao CL,Boal RJ.2005.A new canker and twig dieback disease of apple and crabapple trees caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in Washington State.Plant Disease,89(10):1130
Xiao CL,Kim YK,Boal RJ.2011.Control of Sphaeropsis rot in stored apple fruit caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens with postharvest fungicides.Plant Disease,95(9):1075-1079
Xiao CL,Kim YK,Boal RJ.2014.Sources and availability of inoculum and seasonal survival of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple orchards.Plant Disease,98(8):1043-1049
Xiao CL,Rogers JD.2004.A postharvest fruit rot in d’Anjou pears caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens sp.nov.Plant Disease,88(2):114-118
Xiao CL,Rogers JD,Boal RJ.2004.First report of a new postharvest fruit rot on apple caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens.Plant Disease,88(2):223
Yan J,Wu PS,Ma F,Wu Y,Guo JM.2006.Sphaeropsis rot of apple and pear.Plant Quarantine,20(4):225-226(in Chinese)[严进,吴品珊,马菲,巫燕,郭静敏.2006.苹果和梨球壳孢腐烂病.植物检疫,20(4):225-226]