基于分形维数的梗丝形态差异性评价方法
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摘要
为对梗丝形态差异性进行评价,通过测量单一形态梗丝周长、面积并采用"小岛法"计算其分形维数及形态指数,以叶丝形态为标准,选取梗丝与叶丝分形维数及形态指数的差异为指标,建立梗丝形态差异性系数模型及评价方法并验证分析。结果表明:(1)单一形态梗丝拟合方程决定性系数R~2均达到0.850,且均方差及残差均较小,表明"小岛法"可准确计算其分形维数。(2)梗丝形态具有分形特性且不同形态梗丝分形维数具有明显差异,随着分形维数逐渐增大梗丝形态越来越不规则。(3)所建梗丝形态差异性系数模型■,决定性系数R~2达到0.948,F检验达到显著水平表明回归模型具有统计学意义,且模型经验证准确可靠。(4)初步建立了一种梗丝形态差异性评价方法,以差异性系数e为指标,梗丝形态间差异性小(e≤0.491);较小(0.4911.565),该方法可通过定量指标实现对梗丝形态差异性的定性分析。
To evaluate the morphological difference of cut stems,fractal dimension and morphological index were calculated by slit island method through measuring perimeter and area of single morphological cut stems.Taking the morphology of cut tobacco as standard,a model and evaluation method for morphology difference of cut stems were established.Analysis was verified by taking the difference of fractal dimension and morphological index of the cut stem and cut tobacco as indexes.Results showed that:1)determinant coefficients of fitting equations of single morphological cut stems all reached 0.850,with mean square error and residual error were both smaller.This indicates that the slit island method can accurately calculate its fractal dimension.2):the morphology of cut stems possessed fractal characteristics and there was significant difference in fractal dimension among cut stems of different morphologies.With the increase of fractal dimension,the morphology of cut stems became more and more irregular.3):difference coefficient model of morphology of cut stems was proved to be accurate and reliable(■,with determinant coefficient reaching 0.948.F test reached significant level,indicating that the regression equation was of statistical significance.4):method for evaluating morphology difference of cut stems was established preliminarily.By taking difference coefficient e as an index,there was no difference(e≤0.491),small difference(0.4911.565)between morphology of cut stems.Qualitative analysis of morphology difference of cut stems can be realized by means of quantitative indexes.
To evaluate the morphological difference of cut stems,fractal dimension and morphological index were calculated by slit island method through measuring perimeter and area of single morphological cut stems.Taking the morphology of cut tobacco as standard,a model and evaluation method for morphology difference of cut stems were established.Analysis was verified by taking the difference of fractal dimension and morphological index of the cut stem and cut tobacco as indexes.Results showed that:1)determinant coefficients of fitting equations of single morphological cut stems all reached 0.850,with mean square error and residual error were both smaller.This indicates that the slit island method can accurately calculate its fractal dimension.2):the morphology of cut stems possessed fractal characteristics and there was significant difference in fractal dimension among cut stems of different morphologies.With the increase of fractal dimension,the morphology of cut stems became more and more irregular.3):difference coefficient model of morphology of cut stems was proved to be accurate and reliable(■,with determinant coefficient reaching 0.948.F test reached significant level,indicating that the regression equation was of statistical significance.4):method for evaluating morphology difference of cut stems was established preliminarily.By taking difference coefficient e as an index,there was no difference(e≤0.491),small difference(0.491
引文
[1]Metzner W, Spallek B, Weiss A. Method and plant for treating tobacco stems for the production of cut tobacco:US patent:5826590[P]. 1998-10-27.
[2]Smith E T. Method for utilizing tobacco stems in smoking products:US patent:076030[P]. 1978-2-28.
[3]Davis DL, Nielsen MT. Tobacco production, chemistry and technology[M]. London:Blackwell, 1999:265-284.
[4]陈良元.卷烟加工工艺[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社, 1996:138–156.CHEN Liangyuan.Manufacturing technology of cigarette[M].Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Press, 1996:138-156.
[5]廖晓祥,赵云川,邹泉,等.梗丝形态对细支卷烟品质稳定性的影响[J].烟草科技, 2016, 49(10):53-58.LIAO Xiaoxiang, ZHAO Yunchuan,ZOU Quan, et al. Influences of cut stem morphology on quality consistency of super-slim cigarette[J]. Tobacco Science&Technology, 2016, 49(10):74-80.
[6]陈景云,李东亮,夏莺莺,等.梗丝分布形态对其掺配均匀度的影响[J].烟草科技, 2004(8):8-10.CHEN Jingyun, LI Dongliang, XIA Yingying, et al. Effects of cut stem size distribution on its blending uniformity in cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology, 2004(8):8-10.
[7]汪涛,张灵辉,叶宏音.不同形态梗丝对卷烟在制品及成品质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2013, 41(32):12724-12726.WANG Tao, ZHANG Linghui, YE Hongyin. Effects of different forms stem on quality of flue-cured products and finished products[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 41(32):12724-12726.
[8]叶鸿宇,许峰,张建中,等.成丝工艺参数对梗丝结构和卷烟吸阻稳定性的影响[J].烟草科技, 2013, 48(11):86-89.YE Hongyu, XU Feng, ZHANG Jianzhong,et al.Influence of Processing Parameters on Cut Stem Structure and Draw Resistance Stability of Cigarettes[J]. Tobacco Science&Technology, 2013,48(11):86-89.
[9]余娜,申晓锋,徐大勇,等.基于分形理论的烟丝尺寸分布表征方法[J].烟草科技, 2012(4):5-8.Yu Na, SHEN Xiaofeng, Xu Dayong, et al. Characterization of cut tobacco size distribution based on fractal theory[J]. Tobacco Science&Technology, 2012(4):5-8.
[10]李?,朱金兆,朱清科.分形维数计算方法研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报, 2002, 24(2):71-78.Li Jie, Zhu Jinzhao, Zhu Qingke. Review on methods of calculating fractal dimension[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2002,24(2):71-78.
[11]刘莹,胡敏,余桂英,等.分形理论及其应用[J].江西科学,2006, 24(2):205-209.LIU Ying, HU Min, YU Guiying, et al. Theory of Fractal and its Applications[J]. Jiang Xi Science, 2006, 24(2):205-209
[12]李志臣,姬长英.基于图像分析的杂草分形维数计算[J].农业工程学报, 2006, 22(11):175-178.Li Zhichen, Ji Changying. Calculation of weed fractal dimension based on image analysis[J]. Transactions of the CS AE, 2006,22(11):175-178.
[13]彭勇,孙立军.基于分形理论沥青混合料均匀性评价方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2007, 39(10):1656-1659.PENG Yong, SUN Lijun. Evaluating asphalt mixture homogeneity based on fractal theory[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2007, 39(10):1656-1659.
[14]杨扬,张永海,白宝丰,等.分形维数测定方法对测量结果的影响分析[J].中国塑料, 2013, 27(7):68-72.YANG Yang, ZHANG Yonghai, Bai Baofeng, et al. Effect of measurement method on fractal dimension[J]. China Plastics, 2013,27(7):68-72.
[15]王绍怀,李智,邹桂莲,等.小岛法分析沥青混合料图像中级配颗粒组成的分形特性[J].交通信息与安全, 2007, 25(6):70-73.WANGShaohuai,LIZhi,ZOUGuilian,etal.Fractal characteristics of gradation particles in asphalt mixture image with slit island method[J].Traffic information and safety, 2007,25(6):70-73.
[16]陈建安.分形维数的定义及测定方法[J].电子科技, 1999(4):44-46.Chen Jianan. Definition and determination method of fractal dimension[J]. Electronic Science and Technology,1999(4):44-46.
[17]孟庆锴,梁国岐.分形维数概念及测定方法[J].经贸实践,2015,(16):240.Meng Qingkai, Liang Guoqi.Concept and determination method of fractal dimension[J]. Economic&Trade, 2015(16):240.
[18]蒋明星.基于数学形态学和分形的金相图像处理关键技术研究[D].华南理工大学, 2011.Jiang Mingxing.Technology of Metallographical Image Processing Based on Mathematical Morphology and Fractal[D]. South China University of Technology, 2011.
[19]王慧,曾令可.分形理论及其在材料科学中的应用[J].材料开发与应用, 2000, 15(5):39-43.Wang Hui, Zeng Lingke. Fractal theory and its application in materials science[J]. Development and Application of Materials,15(5):39-43.
[20]胡援.分形理论及其在管理领域中的应用[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版), 2003, 14(2):78-82.Hu Yuan. The fractal theory and Its application in management[J].Journal of Tongji University(Social Science Section), 2003, 14(2):78-82.
[21]齐婧冰,樊风雷,郭治兴.基于高光谱分形分析的烟草冠层生长状况监测[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 48(1):94-100.QI Jingbing, FAN Fenglei,GUO Zhixing. Monitoring Tobacco Canopy Growth Status Based on Hyperspectral Fractal Analysis[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2016, 48(1):94-100.
[22]杨小勇,饶健,肖志达,等.基于豪斯多夫维数的烟叶质量分形特征研究——以贵州、云南烤烟烟叶含梗率为例[J].贵州大学学报(自然版), 2014, 31(3):62-65.YANG Xiaoyong, RAO Jian, XIAO Zhida, et al. Fractal Theory and Application in Tobacco Quality Management—Taking Data from Guizhou and Yunnan Province for Example[J]. Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Sciences), 2014, 31(3):62-65.
[23]李晓,郑力文,何超,等.基于计算机视觉技术的梗丝形态表征方法[J].烟草科技, 2016, 49(7).LI Xiao, ZHENG Liwen, HE Chao, et al. Assessable method for shape representation of cut stem based on computer vision[J].Tobacco Science and Technology, 2016, 49(7):84-90.
[24]李晓,何超,郑力文,等.基于图像处理梗丝形态指数模型的建立[J].烟草科技, 2017, 50(9).LI Xiao, HE Chao, ZHENG Liwen, et al. Establishment of morphological index model of cut stem based on image processing[J]. Tobacco Science&Technology, 2017, 50(9):76-83.
[25]吴金凤,郑利锋,廖强.制梗丝工艺参数对梗丝形态分布的影响[J].农产品加工(学刊), 2011(8):65-69.Wu Jinfeng, Zheng Lifeng, Liao Qiang. Influence of Process Parameter of Stem Cutting on Cut Stem Size Distribution[J].Academic Periodical of Farm Products Processing, 2011(8):65-69.
[26]纪晓楠,李晓,姚二民,等.成丝工艺参数对梗丝形态及有效利用率的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2016(1):96-99.JI Xiao nan, LI Xiao, YAO Er min, et al. Effects of Filamentation Process Parameters on Morphological Distribution and Effective Utilization Rate of Cut Stem[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016(1):96-99.
[27]GB/T 16447—2004烟草及烟草制品调节和测试的大气环境[S].GB/T 16447—2004 Tobacco and tobacco products—Atmosphere for conditioning and testing[S].
[28]陈丹明,赵乃亮,郑兴明,等. IPP图像分析技术在长霉面积定量测量中的应用[J].装备环境工程, 2012(6):78–80, 96.CHEN Danming, ZHAO Nailiang, ZHENG Xingming, et al.Application of IPP image analysis technique in measurement of fungus growth area[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering,2012(6):78-80, 96.
[2]Smith E T. Method for utilizing tobacco stems in smoking products:US patent:076030[P]. 1978-2-28.
[3]Davis DL, Nielsen MT. Tobacco production, chemistry and technology[M]. London:Blackwell, 1999:265-284.
[4]陈良元.卷烟加工工艺[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社, 1996:138–156.CHEN Liangyuan.Manufacturing technology of cigarette[M].Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Press, 1996:138-156.
[5]廖晓祥,赵云川,邹泉,等.梗丝形态对细支卷烟品质稳定性的影响[J].烟草科技, 2016, 49(10):53-58.LIAO Xiaoxiang, ZHAO Yunchuan,ZOU Quan, et al. Influences of cut stem morphology on quality consistency of super-slim cigarette[J]. Tobacco Science&Technology, 2016, 49(10):74-80.
[6]陈景云,李东亮,夏莺莺,等.梗丝分布形态对其掺配均匀度的影响[J].烟草科技, 2004(8):8-10.CHEN Jingyun, LI Dongliang, XIA Yingying, et al. Effects of cut stem size distribution on its blending uniformity in cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology, 2004(8):8-10.
[7]汪涛,张灵辉,叶宏音.不同形态梗丝对卷烟在制品及成品质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2013, 41(32):12724-12726.WANG Tao, ZHANG Linghui, YE Hongyin. Effects of different forms stem on quality of flue-cured products and finished products[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 41(32):12724-12726.
[8]叶鸿宇,许峰,张建中,等.成丝工艺参数对梗丝结构和卷烟吸阻稳定性的影响[J].烟草科技, 2013, 48(11):86-89.YE Hongyu, XU Feng, ZHANG Jianzhong,et al.Influence of Processing Parameters on Cut Stem Structure and Draw Resistance Stability of Cigarettes[J]. Tobacco Science&Technology, 2013,48(11):86-89.
[9]余娜,申晓锋,徐大勇,等.基于分形理论的烟丝尺寸分布表征方法[J].烟草科技, 2012(4):5-8.Yu Na, SHEN Xiaofeng, Xu Dayong, et al. Characterization of cut tobacco size distribution based on fractal theory[J]. Tobacco Science&Technology, 2012(4):5-8.
[10]李?,朱金兆,朱清科.分形维数计算方法研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报, 2002, 24(2):71-78.Li Jie, Zhu Jinzhao, Zhu Qingke. Review on methods of calculating fractal dimension[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2002,24(2):71-78.
[11]刘莹,胡敏,余桂英,等.分形理论及其应用[J].江西科学,2006, 24(2):205-209.LIU Ying, HU Min, YU Guiying, et al. Theory of Fractal and its Applications[J]. Jiang Xi Science, 2006, 24(2):205-209
[12]李志臣,姬长英.基于图像分析的杂草分形维数计算[J].农业工程学报, 2006, 22(11):175-178.Li Zhichen, Ji Changying. Calculation of weed fractal dimension based on image analysis[J]. Transactions of the CS AE, 2006,22(11):175-178.
[13]彭勇,孙立军.基于分形理论沥青混合料均匀性评价方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2007, 39(10):1656-1659.PENG Yong, SUN Lijun. Evaluating asphalt mixture homogeneity based on fractal theory[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2007, 39(10):1656-1659.
[14]杨扬,张永海,白宝丰,等.分形维数测定方法对测量结果的影响分析[J].中国塑料, 2013, 27(7):68-72.YANG Yang, ZHANG Yonghai, Bai Baofeng, et al. Effect of measurement method on fractal dimension[J]. China Plastics, 2013,27(7):68-72.
[15]王绍怀,李智,邹桂莲,等.小岛法分析沥青混合料图像中级配颗粒组成的分形特性[J].交通信息与安全, 2007, 25(6):70-73.WANGShaohuai,LIZhi,ZOUGuilian,etal.Fractal characteristics of gradation particles in asphalt mixture image with slit island method[J].Traffic information and safety, 2007,25(6):70-73.
[16]陈建安.分形维数的定义及测定方法[J].电子科技, 1999(4):44-46.Chen Jianan. Definition and determination method of fractal dimension[J]. Electronic Science and Technology,1999(4):44-46.
[17]孟庆锴,梁国岐.分形维数概念及测定方法[J].经贸实践,2015,(16):240.Meng Qingkai, Liang Guoqi.Concept and determination method of fractal dimension[J]. Economic&Trade, 2015(16):240.
[18]蒋明星.基于数学形态学和分形的金相图像处理关键技术研究[D].华南理工大学, 2011.Jiang Mingxing.Technology of Metallographical Image Processing Based on Mathematical Morphology and Fractal[D]. South China University of Technology, 2011.
[19]王慧,曾令可.分形理论及其在材料科学中的应用[J].材料开发与应用, 2000, 15(5):39-43.Wang Hui, Zeng Lingke. Fractal theory and its application in materials science[J]. Development and Application of Materials,15(5):39-43.
[20]胡援.分形理论及其在管理领域中的应用[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版), 2003, 14(2):78-82.Hu Yuan. The fractal theory and Its application in management[J].Journal of Tongji University(Social Science Section), 2003, 14(2):78-82.
[21]齐婧冰,樊风雷,郭治兴.基于高光谱分形分析的烟草冠层生长状况监测[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 48(1):94-100.QI Jingbing, FAN Fenglei,GUO Zhixing. Monitoring Tobacco Canopy Growth Status Based on Hyperspectral Fractal Analysis[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2016, 48(1):94-100.
[22]杨小勇,饶健,肖志达,等.基于豪斯多夫维数的烟叶质量分形特征研究——以贵州、云南烤烟烟叶含梗率为例[J].贵州大学学报(自然版), 2014, 31(3):62-65.YANG Xiaoyong, RAO Jian, XIAO Zhida, et al. Fractal Theory and Application in Tobacco Quality Management—Taking Data from Guizhou and Yunnan Province for Example[J]. Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Sciences), 2014, 31(3):62-65.
[23]李晓,郑力文,何超,等.基于计算机视觉技术的梗丝形态表征方法[J].烟草科技, 2016, 49(7).LI Xiao, ZHENG Liwen, HE Chao, et al. Assessable method for shape representation of cut stem based on computer vision[J].Tobacco Science and Technology, 2016, 49(7):84-90.
[24]李晓,何超,郑力文,等.基于图像处理梗丝形态指数模型的建立[J].烟草科技, 2017, 50(9).LI Xiao, HE Chao, ZHENG Liwen, et al. Establishment of morphological index model of cut stem based on image processing[J]. Tobacco Science&Technology, 2017, 50(9):76-83.
[25]吴金凤,郑利锋,廖强.制梗丝工艺参数对梗丝形态分布的影响[J].农产品加工(学刊), 2011(8):65-69.Wu Jinfeng, Zheng Lifeng, Liao Qiang. Influence of Process Parameter of Stem Cutting on Cut Stem Size Distribution[J].Academic Periodical of Farm Products Processing, 2011(8):65-69.
[26]纪晓楠,李晓,姚二民,等.成丝工艺参数对梗丝形态及有效利用率的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2016(1):96-99.JI Xiao nan, LI Xiao, YAO Er min, et al. Effects of Filamentation Process Parameters on Morphological Distribution and Effective Utilization Rate of Cut Stem[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016(1):96-99.
[27]GB/T 16447—2004烟草及烟草制品调节和测试的大气环境[S].GB/T 16447—2004 Tobacco and tobacco products—Atmosphere for conditioning and testing[S].
[28]陈丹明,赵乃亮,郑兴明,等. IPP图像分析技术在长霉面积定量测量中的应用[J].装备环境工程, 2012(6):78–80, 96.CHEN Danming, ZHAO Nailiang, ZHENG Xingming, et al.Application of IPP image analysis technique in measurement of fungus growth area[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering,2012(6):78-80, 96.