基于延迟波场特征法的海底反射系数估算方法
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摘要
估算海底反射系数是海底电缆(OBC)水陆检数据合并处理的一个关键步骤。针对常规扫描确定海底反射系数较为费时的问题,提出了基于延迟波场特征法直接计算海底反射系数的方法。该方法首先计算水陆检数据上行波场、一阶延迟上行波场和二阶延迟上行波场的自相关函数和它们之间的互相关函数,然后构建和求解海底反射系数特征方程,最后确定最佳海底反射系数并应用于水检数据和陆检数据的合并处理。合并数据不但消除了海水鸣震多次波干扰,而且吸收了陆检数据的低频成分和水检数据的高频成分。从而拓宽了海底电缆数据的有效频率带宽,提高了地震数据的信噪比和分辨率。数据试算结果证明了本方法的有效性和实用性。
Estimation of the ocean-bottom reflection coefficient is a key step in the merging process of the ocean-bottom cable(OBC)dualsensor seismic data.Conventional methods are very time consuming,with low accuracy.A delayed wavefield characteristic method is proposed to estimate directly the ocean-bottom reflection coefficient.Firstly,the up-going wavefield,first-order and second-order delayed upgoing wavefields,as well as their autocorrelation and cross-relation functions are calculated.Secondly,when the characteristic equation is constructed and solved,three reflection coefficient values can be obtained.Then,the energy values corresponding to the three reflection coefficient values are computed,with the one corresponding to the minimum energy being the established ocean-bottom reflection coefficient,which is to be used further for merging processing of the OBC dual-sensor data.The merged data could eliminate the sea-water column reverberations and could also absorb the high-frequency components from hydrophone data and the low-frequency components from geophone data.Furthermore,the effective bandwidth of the OBC data was broadened effectively,thereby improving the SNR and resolution.Tests on field data illustrated the effectiveness of this method.
Estimation of the ocean-bottom reflection coefficient is a key step in the merging process of the ocean-bottom cable(OBC)dualsensor seismic data.Conventional methods are very time consuming,with low accuracy.A delayed wavefield characteristic method is proposed to estimate directly the ocean-bottom reflection coefficient.Firstly,the up-going wavefield,first-order and second-order delayed upgoing wavefields,as well as their autocorrelation and cross-relation functions are calculated.Secondly,when the characteristic equation is constructed and solved,three reflection coefficient values can be obtained.Then,the energy values corresponding to the three reflection coefficient values are computed,with the one corresponding to the minimum energy being the established ocean-bottom reflection coefficient,which is to be used further for merging processing of the OBC dual-sensor data.The merged data could eliminate the sea-water column reverberations and could also absorb the high-frequency components from hydrophone data and the low-frequency components from geophone data.Furthermore,the effective bandwidth of the OBC data was broadened effectively,thereby improving the SNR and resolution.Tests on field data illustrated the effectiveness of this method.
引文
[1]BARR F J,SANDERS J I.Attenuation of water column reverberations using pressure and velocity detectors in a water-bottom cable[J].Expanded Abstracts of 59th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1989:653-656
[2]BARR F J.Dual-sensor OBC technology[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(1):45-52
[3]BACKUS M M.Water reverberations—their nature and elimination[J].Geophysics,1959,24(1),233-261
[4]高少武,赵波,高轩,等.OBC水陆检数据匹配技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):29-32GAO S W,ZHAO B,GAO X,et al.A method for OBC dual-sensor data matching[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):29-32
[5]VAUGHN B,DENNIS C.Dual-sensor summation of noisy ocean-bottom data[J].Expanded Abstracts of66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1996:28-31
[6]DRAGOSET B,BARR F J.Ocean-bottom cable dualsensor scaling[J].Expanded Abstracts of 64th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1994:857-860
[7]高轩,弓小平,高少武,等.OBC水陆检数据标定因子估算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):49-53GAO X,GONG X P,GAO S W,et al.Scale factor estimation for OBC dual-sensor seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(1):49-53
[8]高少武,赵波,罗国安,等.一种水陆检波器数据海底反射系数反演的方法:中国,201410379202.1[P].2014-08-04GAO S W,ZHAO B,LUO G A,et al.A method on inversing the reflection coefficient of the hydrophone and geophone seismic data:China,201410379202.1[P].2014-08-04
[9]贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英,等.双检理论研究及合成处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):522-528HE Z Q,ZHANG B Q,LIU Y Y,et al.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their applications in OBC data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(4):522-528
[10]PAFFENHOLZ J,BARR F J.An improved method for deriving water-bottom reflectivities for processing dualsensor ocean-bottom cable data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 65th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1995:987-990
[11]MAX D,RAMESH N.OBC multiple suppression with the Texas two-step[J].Expanded Abstracts of 75th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2005:2123-2126
[12]龚旭东,周滨,高梦晗,等.检波点水深误差对OBC双检资料合并处理的影响与对策[J].石油物探,2014,53(3):324-329,337GONG X D,ZHOU B,GAO M H,et al.The influence and strategy of water depth error at receivers on dualsensor summing processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(3):324-329,337
[13]张兴岩,潘冬明,史文英,等.浅水区海底电缆地震数据水层多次波压制技术及应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):816-824ZHANG X Y,PAN D M,SHI W Y,et al.Water layer multiple attenuation technique for OBC seismic data in shallow water area and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):816-824
[14]朱江梅,方中于,张兴岩,等.OBC与拖缆数据的子波域匹配滤波方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):280-286ZHU J M,FANG Z Y,ZHANG X Y,et al.Research of OBC and cable data matched filtering in wavelet domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):280-286
[15]董崇志,宋海斌,王东晓,等.海水物性对地震反射系数的相对贡献[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(6):2123-2132DONG C Z,SONG H B,WANG D X,et al.Relative contribution of seawater physical property to seismic reflection coefficient[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(6):2123-2132
[16]梁鸿贤,秦宁,高丽董.海底电缆双检资料正演模拟及特征分析[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(4):1798-1802LIANG H X,QIN N,GAO L D.Numerical simulation and feature analysis of OBC dual sensor data[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(4):1798-1802
[17]王振华,夏庆龙,田立新,等.消除海底电缆双检地震资料中的鸣震干扰[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):626-635WANG Z H,XIA Q L,TIAN L X,et al.Elimination of singing interference in OBC dual-geophone seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(6):626-635
[18]ZHOU W,BROSSIER R,OPERTO S,et al.Joint full waveform inversion of early arrivals and reflections:a real OBC case study with gas cloud[J].Expanded Abstracts of 86th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2016:1247-1251
[19]NAKAYAMA S,BENSON M A,MATARID T,et al.Overcoming limitations of sparse spatial sampling and irregularity in 3D OBC seismic data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 86th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2016:4097-4101
[20]张建利,刘志斌,张云鹏,等.两种海底多分量波场分离方法的模型测试及改进[J].石油物探,2017,56(3):373-381ZHANG J L,LIU Z P,ZHANG Y P,et al.The model testing and the improvement strategy for two decomposition methods of seabed multi-component seismic recordings[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(3):373-381
[21]SOUBARAS R.Ocean bottom hydrophone and geophone processing[J].Expanded Abstracts of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1996:24-27
[22]许文源,徐伯勋,王怀恩,等.从鸣震记录估计海底反射系数的一种新方法[J].石油物探,1983,22(3):89-99XU W Y,XU B X,WANG H E,et al.A new technique for estimating the ocean bottom reflection coefficients from the reverberant records[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1983,22(3):89-99
[2]BARR F J.Dual-sensor OBC technology[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(1):45-52
[3]BACKUS M M.Water reverberations—their nature and elimination[J].Geophysics,1959,24(1),233-261
[4]高少武,赵波,高轩,等.OBC水陆检数据匹配技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):29-32GAO S W,ZHAO B,GAO X,et al.A method for OBC dual-sensor data matching[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):29-32
[5]VAUGHN B,DENNIS C.Dual-sensor summation of noisy ocean-bottom data[J].Expanded Abstracts of66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1996:28-31
[6]DRAGOSET B,BARR F J.Ocean-bottom cable dualsensor scaling[J].Expanded Abstracts of 64th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1994:857-860
[7]高轩,弓小平,高少武,等.OBC水陆检数据标定因子估算方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):49-53GAO X,GONG X P,GAO S W,et al.Scale factor estimation for OBC dual-sensor seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(1):49-53
[8]高少武,赵波,罗国安,等.一种水陆检波器数据海底反射系数反演的方法:中国,201410379202.1[P].2014-08-04GAO S W,ZHAO B,LUO G A,et al.A method on inversing the reflection coefficient of the hydrophone and geophone seismic data:China,201410379202.1[P].2014-08-04
[9]贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英,等.双检理论研究及合成处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):522-528HE Z Q,ZHANG B Q,LIU Y Y,et al.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their applications in OBC data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(4):522-528
[10]PAFFENHOLZ J,BARR F J.An improved method for deriving water-bottom reflectivities for processing dualsensor ocean-bottom cable data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 65th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1995:987-990
[11]MAX D,RAMESH N.OBC multiple suppression with the Texas two-step[J].Expanded Abstracts of 75th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2005:2123-2126
[12]龚旭东,周滨,高梦晗,等.检波点水深误差对OBC双检资料合并处理的影响与对策[J].石油物探,2014,53(3):324-329,337GONG X D,ZHOU B,GAO M H,et al.The influence and strategy of water depth error at receivers on dualsensor summing processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(3):324-329,337
[13]张兴岩,潘冬明,史文英,等.浅水区海底电缆地震数据水层多次波压制技术及应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):816-824ZHANG X Y,PAN D M,SHI W Y,et al.Water layer multiple attenuation technique for OBC seismic data in shallow water area and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):816-824
[14]朱江梅,方中于,张兴岩,等.OBC与拖缆数据的子波域匹配滤波方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):280-286ZHU J M,FANG Z Y,ZHANG X Y,et al.Research of OBC and cable data matched filtering in wavelet domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):280-286
[15]董崇志,宋海斌,王东晓,等.海水物性对地震反射系数的相对贡献[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(6):2123-2132DONG C Z,SONG H B,WANG D X,et al.Relative contribution of seawater physical property to seismic reflection coefficient[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(6):2123-2132
[16]梁鸿贤,秦宁,高丽董.海底电缆双检资料正演模拟及特征分析[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(4):1798-1802LIANG H X,QIN N,GAO L D.Numerical simulation and feature analysis of OBC dual sensor data[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(4):1798-1802
[17]王振华,夏庆龙,田立新,等.消除海底电缆双检地震资料中的鸣震干扰[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):626-635WANG Z H,XIA Q L,TIAN L X,et al.Elimination of singing interference in OBC dual-geophone seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(6):626-635
[18]ZHOU W,BROSSIER R,OPERTO S,et al.Joint full waveform inversion of early arrivals and reflections:a real OBC case study with gas cloud[J].Expanded Abstracts of 86th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2016:1247-1251
[19]NAKAYAMA S,BENSON M A,MATARID T,et al.Overcoming limitations of sparse spatial sampling and irregularity in 3D OBC seismic data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 86th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2016:4097-4101
[20]张建利,刘志斌,张云鹏,等.两种海底多分量波场分离方法的模型测试及改进[J].石油物探,2017,56(3):373-381ZHANG J L,LIU Z P,ZHANG Y P,et al.The model testing and the improvement strategy for two decomposition methods of seabed multi-component seismic recordings[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(3):373-381
[21]SOUBARAS R.Ocean bottom hydrophone and geophone processing[J].Expanded Abstracts of 66th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1996:24-27
[22]许文源,徐伯勋,王怀恩,等.从鸣震记录估计海底反射系数的一种新方法[J].石油物探,1983,22(3):89-99XU W Y,XU B X,WANG H E,et al.A new technique for estimating the ocean bottom reflection coefficients from the reverberant records[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1983,22(3):89-99