海上双正交宽方位地震勘探技术研究与实践
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摘要
针对近海中深层复杂地质目标勘探面临的构造成像差、储层横向变化大等难题,在对渤海某靶区地震地质问题进行深入分析的基础上,开展了宽方位地震采集参数论证与优选,偏移距、方位角、叠加响应及DMO覆盖次数等观测系统属性的均匀性分析表明双正交宽方位采集优于常规海底电缆采集;同时,设计了点震源气枪阵列,使不同频率下各个方向的能量分布更加均匀。实际资料采集和初步处理效果表明,双正交宽方位采集达到了高覆盖次数和富角度照明的效果,因此宽方位地震勘探技术能大幅提高中深层勘探精度。
In view of the problems of poor structure imaging and large lateral reservoir variation experienced by exploration of mid-to-deep complex geological targets,and based on profound analysis on seismic and geological problems in a Bohai target area,the author carried out demonstration and optimization of wide azimuth seismic acquisition parameters. The analysis of the uniformity of geometry attributes,such as offset distribution,azimuth,stacked response and DMO coverages,etc.,shows that the orthogonal wide azimuth acquisition is superior to the conventional subsea cable acquisition. Also,a point-source air gun array is designed,so that the energy distribution in each direction is even more uniform at different frequencies. The actual data collection and preliminary processing results show that the biorthogonal wide azimuth acquisition achieves high folds and rich-angle illumination. Therefore,the wide-azimuth seismic exploration technology can greatly improve the accuracy of mid-to-deep formation exploration.
In view of the problems of poor structure imaging and large lateral reservoir variation experienced by exploration of mid-to-deep complex geological targets,and based on profound analysis on seismic and geological problems in a Bohai target area,the author carried out demonstration and optimization of wide azimuth seismic acquisition parameters. The analysis of the uniformity of geometry attributes,such as offset distribution,azimuth,stacked response and DMO coverages,etc.,shows that the orthogonal wide azimuth acquisition is superior to the conventional subsea cable acquisition. Also,a point-source air gun array is designed,so that the energy distribution in each direction is even more uniform at different frequencies. The actual data collection and preliminary processing results show that the biorthogonal wide azimuth acquisition achieves high folds and rich-angle illumination. Therefore,the wide-azimuth seismic exploration technology can greatly improve the accuracy of mid-to-deep formation exploration.
引文
[1]王守君,杨凯,唐进,等.海洋地震勘探新技术与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2016.
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[8]BALDOCK S,RETA-TANG C,BECK B,et al.Orthogonal wide azimuth surveys:acquisition and imaging[C].81st Annual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2011:147-151.
[9]HOWARD M S.Marine seismic surveys with enhanced azimuth coverage:lessons in survey design and acquisition[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(4):480-493.
[10]王守君.海底电缆地震技术优势及在中国近海的应用效果[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(2):9-12.WANG Shoujun.Technical advantages of OBC seismic survey and its application effects offshore China[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(2):9-12.
[11]李绪宣,温书亮,顾汉明,等.海上气枪阵列震源子波数值模拟研究[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):216-220.LI Xuxuan,WEN Shuliang,GU Hanming,et al.A numerical simulation of wavelets from off shore air-gun array seismic source[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):216-220.
[12]李绪宣,王建花,张金淼,等.海上气枪震源阵列优化组合设计与应用[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):142-148.LI Xuxuan,WANG Jianhua,ZHANG Jinmiao,et al.Design and application of air-gun arrays in marine seismic exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):142-148.
[13]张保庆,周辉,左黄金,等.宽方位地震资料处理技术及应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):396-406.ZHANG Baoqing,ZHOU Hui,ZUO Huangjin,et al.Wide azimuth data processing techniques and their applications[J].OGP,2011,46(3):396-406.
[14]周滨,龚旭东,高梦晗,等.海底电缆交叉鬼波化双检合并技术改进及应用[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(1):49-52.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.01.007.ZHOU Bin,GONG Xudong,GAO Menghan,et al.An improvement of the dual-sensor summation technique for cross-ghosting from OBC and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(1):49-52.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.01.007.
[15]袁全社,李列,张兴岩,等.海底电缆地震采集方案优化及关键处理技术:以北部湾盆地WS区为例[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(4):54-60.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.04.007.YUAN Quanshe,LI Lie,ZHANG Xingyan,et al.Optimization design of seismic acquisition about ocean bottom cable and key processing technologies:a case study of WS area in Beibu Gulf Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(4):54-60.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.04.007.
[2]张军华,朱焕,郑旭刚,等.宽方位角地震勘探技术评述[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):603-609.ZHANG Junhua,ZHU Huan,ZHENG Xugang,et al.Summary of wide-azimuth seismic exploration technique[J].OGP,2007,42(5):603-609.
[3]刘依谋,印兴耀,张三元,等.宽方位地震勘探技术新进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):596-610.LIU Yimou,YIN Xingyao,ZHANG Sanyuan,et al.Recent advances in wide-azimuth seismic exploration[J].OGP,2014,49(3):596-610.
[4]冯凯,和冠慧,尹成,等.宽方位三维观测系统的发展现状与趋势[J].西南石油学院学报,2006,28(6):24-28.FENG Kai,HE Guanhui,YIN Cheng,et al.Present conditions and prospect of wide-azimuth 3D geometry[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2006,28(6):24-28.
[5]凌云,高军,孙德胜,等.宽/窄方位角勘探实例分析与评价(一)[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):305-308.LING Yun,GAO Jun,SUN Desheng,et al.Analysis and appreciation of wide/narrow azimuth exploration cases(I)[J].OGP,2005,40(3):305-308.
[6]凌云,高军,孙德胜,等.宽/窄方位角勘探实例分析与评价(二)[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):423-427.LING Yun,GAO Jun,SUN Desheng,et al.Analysis and appreciation of wide/narrow azimuth exploration cases(II)[J].OGP,2005,40(4):423-427.
[7]李欣,尹成,葛子建,等.海上地震采集观测系统研究现状与展望[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(5):67-80.LI Xin,YIN Cheng,GE Zijian,et al.Situation and prospects of offshore seismic survey geometry[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(5):67-80.
[8]BALDOCK S,RETA-TANG C,BECK B,et al.Orthogonal wide azimuth surveys:acquisition and imaging[C].81st Annual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2011:147-151.
[9]HOWARD M S.Marine seismic surveys with enhanced azimuth coverage:lessons in survey design and acquisition[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(4):480-493.
[10]王守君.海底电缆地震技术优势及在中国近海的应用效果[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(2):9-12.WANG Shoujun.Technical advantages of OBC seismic survey and its application effects offshore China[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(2):9-12.
[11]李绪宣,温书亮,顾汉明,等.海上气枪阵列震源子波数值模拟研究[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):216-220.LI Xuxuan,WEN Shuliang,GU Hanming,et al.A numerical simulation of wavelets from off shore air-gun array seismic source[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):216-220.
[12]李绪宣,王建花,张金淼,等.海上气枪震源阵列优化组合设计与应用[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):142-148.LI Xuxuan,WANG Jianhua,ZHANG Jinmiao,et al.Design and application of air-gun arrays in marine seismic exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):142-148.
[13]张保庆,周辉,左黄金,等.宽方位地震资料处理技术及应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):396-406.ZHANG Baoqing,ZHOU Hui,ZUO Huangjin,et al.Wide azimuth data processing techniques and their applications[J].OGP,2011,46(3):396-406.
[14]周滨,龚旭东,高梦晗,等.海底电缆交叉鬼波化双检合并技术改进及应用[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(1):49-52.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.01.007.ZHOU Bin,GONG Xudong,GAO Menghan,et al.An improvement of the dual-sensor summation technique for cross-ghosting from OBC and its application[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(1):49-52.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.01.007.
[15]袁全社,李列,张兴岩,等.海底电缆地震采集方案优化及关键处理技术:以北部湾盆地WS区为例[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(4):54-60.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.04.007.YUAN Quanshe,LI Lie,ZHANG Xingyan,et al.Optimization design of seismic acquisition about ocean bottom cable and key processing technologies:a case study of WS area in Beibu Gulf Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(4):54-60.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.04.007.