吉林省蒸发量的时空分布特征
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摘要
利用吉林省1971—2010年的45个地面气象站逐日气象观测数据,应用累计距平、气候趋势系数、气候倾向率、高桥公式计算并分析吉林省年蒸发皿蒸发量和实际蒸发量的时空分布特征。结果表明:吉林省1971—2010年的蒸发皿蒸发量呈显著下降趋势,其中春季蒸发下降速率最大,在夏、秋、冬三季中存在上升的趋势,但不显著。空间上看,全省蒸发皿蒸发量呈东部减少、中部部分减少、西部增加的趋势,但不同季节的影响范围存在一定的变化。吉林省年实际蒸发量占蒸发皿年蒸发量的25%,实际蒸发量随时间呈微上升趋势,但不显著。在影响蒸发皿蒸发量的气象因子中,风速和温度日较差是主要因素。实际蒸发量与降水量和温度日较差之间的相关性显著,其中温度日较差是实际蒸发量的主要影响因素。
Base on the daily meteorological observation data from 1971 to 2010 in Jilin Province,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were analyzed in the pan evaporation and actual evaporation by using the accumulated anomaly,climate tendency coefficient,climatic trend rate and Gaoqiao formula methods.The results were as follows.The pan evaporation rate decreased significantly from 1971 to 2010,especially in spring.In the other three seasons,the rate showed a weak increasing tendency.In terms of space,the pan evaporation in Jilin Province was decreasing in the eastern part and parts of the central region and increasing in the western part.However,there were certain changes in different seasons.The actual evaporation accounted for25%of the pan evaporation in Jilin Province with a slight increasing trend over time.Among the many meteorological factors affecting the pan evaporation,the major factors were wind speed and daily temperature difference.The actual evaporation showed the significant response to the precipitation and daily temperature difference,the daily temperature difference was the more significant factor affecting the actual evaporation.
Base on the daily meteorological observation data from 1971 to 2010 in Jilin Province,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were analyzed in the pan evaporation and actual evaporation by using the accumulated anomaly,climate tendency coefficient,climatic trend rate and Gaoqiao formula methods.The results were as follows.The pan evaporation rate decreased significantly from 1971 to 2010,especially in spring.In the other three seasons,the rate showed a weak increasing tendency.In terms of space,the pan evaporation in Jilin Province was decreasing in the eastern part and parts of the central region and increasing in the western part.However,there were certain changes in different seasons.The actual evaporation accounted for25%of the pan evaporation in Jilin Province with a slight increasing trend over time.Among the many meteorological factors affecting the pan evaporation,the major factors were wind speed and daily temperature difference.The actual evaporation showed the significant response to the precipitation and daily temperature difference,the daily temperature difference was the more significant factor affecting the actual evaporation.
引文
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[13]付菁,范广洲,周定文.高桥公式在拉萨地区的适用性分析及其修正[C]∥中国气象学会年会,2011.
[14]陶云,赵荻,何华,等.云南省大气中水资源分布特征初探[J].应用气象学报,2007,18(4):506-515.
[15]任芝花,黎明琴,张纬敏.小型蒸发器对E-601B蒸发器的折算系数[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(4):508-512.
[2]申双和,盛琼.45年来中国蒸发皿蒸发量的变化特征及其成因[J].气象学报,2008,66(3):452-460.
[3] Cohen S,Ianetz A,Stanhill G.Evaporative climate changes at Bet Dagan,Israel,1964—1998[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2002,111(2):83-91.
[4]朱红蕊,刘赫男,张洪玲,等.1971—2010年黑龙江省蒸发量气候变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(3):63-68.
[5] Roderick M L,Farquhar G D.The Cause of Decreased Pan Evaporation over the past 50 Years[J].Science,2002,298(5597):1410-1411.
[6]杜军,房世波,唐小萍,等.1981—2010年西藏怒江流域潜在蒸发量的时空变化[J].气候变化研究进展,2012,8(1):35-42.
[7]王艳君,姜彤,许崇育,等.长江流域1961—2000年蒸发量变化趋势研究[J].气候变化研究进展,2005,1(3):99-105.
[8]曾燕,邱新法,刘昌明.黄河流域近40年蒸发皿蒸发量的气候变化特征[C]∥中国气象学会2005年年会论文集,2005.
[9]高国栋,陆渝蓉,李怀瑾.我国陆面蒸发量和蒸发耗热量的研究[J].气象学报,1980,38(2):165-176.
[10]刘波,马柱国,丁裕国.中国北方近45年蒸发变化的特征及与环境的关系[J].高原气象,2006,25(5):840-848.
[11]刘敏,沈彦俊,曾燕,等.近50年中国蒸发皿蒸发量变化趋势及原因[J].地理学报,2009,64(3):259-269.
[12]文敏,陈创买.珠海市近50年水资源变化特征及评估[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2005,44(S):272-275.
[13]付菁,范广洲,周定文.高桥公式在拉萨地区的适用性分析及其修正[C]∥中国气象学会年会,2011.
[14]陶云,赵荻,何华,等.云南省大气中水资源分布特征初探[J].应用气象学报,2007,18(4):506-515.
[15]任芝花,黎明琴,张纬敏.小型蒸发器对E-601B蒸发器的折算系数[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(4):508-512.