带电作业用绝缘工具超声检测方法
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摘要
带电作业绝缘工具在长期服役使用中,绝缘工具内部可能会产生微小缺陷,从而影响工具的性能。采用超声检测技术可以有效诊断材料内部缺陷,保证作业人员的安全。为此,根据绝缘工具所使用的实心棒和空心管的结构特点,采用COMSOL软件仿真计算了双探头实心棒和单探头空心管的缺陷回波,同时对具备人工缺陷的绝缘管材进行了超声检测试验,提出了相应的带电作业绝缘工具超声检测方法。仿真和试验结果表明:对于绝缘实心棒的超声检测,可采用一发一收2个窄脉冲宽度探头加上双晶弧面楔块进行检测,缺陷回波的时间和幅值反映了缺陷的相对位置;对于绝缘空心的超声检测,用窄脉冲宽带探头加上单晶弧面楔块进行检测,缺陷回波位于外壁和内壁回波之间。该方法对于其他结构绝缘材料的内部缺陷检测具有一定的参考意义。
In the long-term use of insulation tools for live working, minor defects may exist inside the insulating tool, and thus affect the performance of the tool. The use of ultrasonic testing technology can effectively diagnose the internal defects of the material, and ensure the safety of workers. Based on the structural characteristics of the solid rod and the hollow tube used in the insulation tool, the defect echos of the double probe solid rod and the single probe hollow tube were simulated by the COMSOL software. At the same time, the ultrasonic detection test of the insulated pipe with artificial defects was carried out. The corresponding ultrasonic detection method for live working insulation tool was proposed.The simulation and experimental results show that the ultrasonic detection of insulating solid rods can be performed by using two narrow pulse width probes plus double crystal face wedges, and the time and amplitude of defect echoes reflect the relative position; for insulation hollow ultrasonic testing, a narrow pulse broadband probe with single crystal arc wedge is used for detection, defect echo is located between the outer wall and wall echo. This method has some reference significance for the internal defect detection of insulating materials with other structures.
In the long-term use of insulation tools for live working, minor defects may exist inside the insulating tool, and thus affect the performance of the tool. The use of ultrasonic testing technology can effectively diagnose the internal defects of the material, and ensure the safety of workers. Based on the structural characteristics of the solid rod and the hollow tube used in the insulation tool, the defect echos of the double probe solid rod and the single probe hollow tube were simulated by the COMSOL software. At the same time, the ultrasonic detection test of the insulated pipe with artificial defects was carried out. The corresponding ultrasonic detection method for live working insulation tool was proposed.The simulation and experimental results show that the ultrasonic detection of insulating solid rods can be performed by using two narrow pulse width probes plus double crystal face wedges, and the time and amplitude of defect echoes reflect the relative position; for insulation hollow ultrasonic testing, a narrow pulse broadband probe with single crystal arc wedge is used for detection, defect echo is located between the outer wall and wall echo. This method has some reference significance for the internal defect detection of insulating materials with other structures.
引文
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[2]苏梓铭,刘凯,隗笑,等.配电不停电作业技术现状与发展[J].供用电,2017,34(10):60-66.SU Ziming,LIU Kai,WEI Xiao,et al.Present situation and development of overhauling without power interruption technology on distribution network[J].Distribution&Utilization,2017,34(10):60-66.
[3]张立功,张佐光.先进复合材料中主要缺陷分析[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2001(2):41-45.ZHANG Ligong,ZHANG Zuoguang.Analysis of defects in advanced composites[J].GFRP/Composites,2001(2):41-45.
[4]胡毅,刘凯,彭勇,等.带电作业关键技术研究进展与趋势[J].高电压技术,2014,40(7):1921-1931.HU Yi,LIU Kai,PENG Yong,et al.Research status and development trend of live working key technology[D].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(7):1921-1931.
[5]胡毅,刘凯.超/特高压交直流输电线路带电作业[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2011.HU Yi,LIU Kai.Live working technology on EHV/UHV transmission lines[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2011.
[6]王洪博.复合材料构件的超声无损检测关键技术研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2014.WANG Hongbo.Study on key techniques of ultrasonic nondestructive testing composite parts[D].Beijing,China:Beijing Institute of Technology,2014.
[7]马雯,刘福顺.玻璃纤维复合材料孔隙率对超声衰减系数及力学性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2012,29(5):69-75.MA Wen,LIU Fushun.Effect of porosity on the attenuation coefficient and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2012,29(5):69-75.
[8]程建楠.纤维增强复合材料空气耦合超声成像检测方法与系统研究[D].太原:中北大学,2018.CHENG Jiannan.Study on the method and system of air coupled ultrasonic imaging for fiber reinforced composite[D].Taiyuan,China:North University of China,2018.
[9]沈建中,林俊明.现代复合材料的无损检测技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2016.SHEN Jianzhong,LIN Junming.Nondestructive testing technology of modern composite materials[M].Beijing,China:National Defend Industry Press,2016.
[10]MURAKAMI Y,KIDA S,KURIMOTO M.et al.Visualization of electrical trees by 800 MHz-band pulsed ultrasound[C]//2011 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.Kyoto,Japan:IEEE,2011:209-212.
[11]VICENTE P,FERNANDO M,PERFECTO M.Electrical and ultrasonic measurement system for nondestructive testing[C]//2009 3rd International Conference on Signals,Circuits and Systems.Medenine,Tunisia:IEEE,2009:1-5.
[12]THOMAS G,FLORES T D,PISTORIUS S.Synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging of XLPE insulation of underground power cables[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2010,26(3):24-34.
[13]申巍,孟永鹏,菅永锋,等.固体绝缘材料内部缺陷形貌的超声检测研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(4):145-151.SHEN Wei,MENG Yongpeng,JIAN Yongfeng,et al.Study on ultrasonic detection for internal defects appearance of solid insulation materials[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(4):145-151.
[14]曹雯,麻焕成,赵隆,等.环氧浸纸绝缘材料中水含量的超声检测研究[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(3):78-81.CAO Wen,MA Huancheng,ZHAO Long,et al.Ultrasonic testing study on water content of epoxy resin impregnated paper material[J].Insulating Material,2015,48(3):78-81.
[15]邓红雷,鲁强,陈力,等.基于超声导波的复合绝缘子检测[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1236-1244.DENG Honglei,LU Qiang,CHEN Li,et al.Detection for composite insulator based on ultrasonic guided wave[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1236-1244.
[16]申巍,孟永鹏,菅永锋,等.环氧复合材料内部缺陷的超声频谱特性研究[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(12):55-66.SHEN Wei,MENG Yongpeng,JIAN Yongfeng,et al.Study on ultrasonic spectral characteristics of internal defects in epoxy composite materials[J].Insulating Material,2015,48(12):55-66.
[17]刘晶晶.碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料结构的超声检测[J].无损检测,2016,38(10):64-66.LIU Jingjing.Ultrasonic testing of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material structure[J].Nondestructive Testing,2016,38(10):64-66.
[18]史亦韦.超声检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.SHI Yiwei.Ultrasonic detection[M].Beijing,China:Machinery Industry Press,2009.
[19]范兴明,马世伟,张鑫,等.超声无损检测及其在电力绝缘子探伤中的应用[J].高压电器,2014,50(3):109-114.FAN Xingming,MA Shiwei,ZHANG Xin,et al.Application of ultrasonic non-destructive testing to power insulator[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2014,50(3):109-114.
[20]夏纪真.工业无损检测技术(超声检测)[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2017.XIA Jizhen.Industrial nondestructive testing technology(ultrasonic testing)[M].Guangzhou,China:Zhongshan University Press,2017.