用于无人机信息链路电磁干扰预测的动态电磁敏感度测试研究
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摘要
针对无人机严重依赖信息链路、容易受到外界电磁辐射干扰的突出问题,通过分析无人机典型应用场景,构建了不同飞行状态下的系统理想模型,提出了一种实验室条件下数据链系统传导信号动态模拟方法。以某型无人机数据链系统为研究对象,开展了数据链系统连续波动态电磁注入效应试验。试验结果表明:在系统线性区间内,连续波干扰信号引起上行数据链失锁对应的自动增益控制(AGC)电压均为固定值,干扰频点偏离工作频点越远,相同工作信号强度对应的电磁敏感阈值越大,而失锁AGC电压却相对较小,最小低至7 V;机载数据链系统线性区间满足无人机常规飞行状态下的电磁敏感阈值规律。该方法得到了无人机飞行过程中数据链系统的电磁敏感阈值随飞行姿态和飞行距离的变化规律,对开展无人机电磁干扰预测具有重要意义。
An unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) is heavily dependent on the information link which is likely to be affected by external electromagnetic interference(EMI), therefore, we constructed an ideal model of the UAV under different flight conditions by analyzing a typical flight scenario, and proposed a dynamic simulation method of data link system in a laboratory Moreover, taking the data link system of a kind of UAV as the study object, we experimentally studied the dynamic electromagnetic injection effect test of continuous wave. The results show that the lost-link automatic gain control(AGC) voltage of upward data link interrupted by EMI, which represents the ability of the airborne receiver to receive the working signal power, is a fixed value in the linear region of the system. The farther the interfering frequency is away from the operating frequency, the larger the electromagnetic susceptibility will be under the condition of the same working signal power. However, the lost-link AGC voltage is relatively small, as low as 7 V. In the linear interval of the airborne data link system, the law of electromagnetic susceptibility is satisfied under the normal flight condition of UAV. The obtained electromagnetic susceptibility of the data link system changes with the attitudes of UAV and the flight distance between UAV and ground control station, which is of great significance to EMI prediction for UAV in the practical flight.
An unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) is heavily dependent on the information link which is likely to be affected by external electromagnetic interference(EMI), therefore, we constructed an ideal model of the UAV under different flight conditions by analyzing a typical flight scenario, and proposed a dynamic simulation method of data link system in a laboratory Moreover, taking the data link system of a kind of UAV as the study object, we experimentally studied the dynamic electromagnetic injection effect test of continuous wave. The results show that the lost-link automatic gain control(AGC) voltage of upward data link interrupted by EMI, which represents the ability of the airborne receiver to receive the working signal power, is a fixed value in the linear region of the system. The farther the interfering frequency is away from the operating frequency, the larger the electromagnetic susceptibility will be under the condition of the same working signal power. However, the lost-link AGC voltage is relatively small, as low as 7 V. In the linear interval of the airborne data link system, the law of electromagnetic susceptibility is satisfied under the normal flight condition of UAV. The obtained electromagnetic susceptibility of the data link system changes with the attitudes of UAV and the flight distance between UAV and ground control station, which is of great significance to EMI prediction for UAV in the practical flight.
引文
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[15]陈亚洲,张冬晓,田庆民,等.某型无人机数据链系统HEMP辐照效[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):959-965.CHEN Yazhou,ZHANG Dongxiao,TIAN Qingmin,et.al.HEMP radiation effects on unmanned aerial vehicle data link system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):959-965.
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[2]程保根.国外无人机发展情况综述[M].北京:中国国防科技信息中心,2005:12-16.CHENG Baogen.Review of foreign UAV development[M].Beijing,China:China National Defense Science and Technology Information Center,2005:12-16.
[3]胡中华,赵敏.无人机研究现状及发展趋势[J].航空科学技术,2009,20(4):3-9.HU Zhonghua,ZHAO Min.UAV situation and development trend[J].Aeronautical Science and Technology,2009,20(4):3-9.
[4]IDRIES A,MOHAMED N,JAWHAR I,et al.Challenges of developing UAV applications:a project management view[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2015,3(11):1-5.
[5]刘尚合,刘卫东.电磁兼容与电磁防护相关研究进展[J].高电压技术,2014,40(6):1605-1613.LIU Shanghe,LIU Weidong.Progress of research on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic protection[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(6):1605-1613.
[6]MANDEEP K,SHIKHA K,DANVIR M.Electromagnetic interference[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2011,3(11):1-5.
[7]刘先虎,范万水,王备仓.复杂电磁环境下无人机通信抗干扰问题研究[J].军事通信技术,2010,31(3):87-90.LIU Xianhu,FAN Wanshui,WANG Beicang.Anti-jamming of unmanned aerial vehicle communication in complex electromagnetic environment[J].Journal of Military Communications Technology,2010,31(3):87-90.
[8]吴辉喜,刘志培,吴建波,等.战场复杂电磁环境下的无人机作战应用探讨[J].航空电子技术,2013,44(2):1-3,14.WU Huixi,LIU Zhipei.WU Jianbo,et al.Rearsh on compaign application of UAV in complex electromagnetic environment[J].Aeronautical Science and Technology,2013,44(2):1-3,14.
[9]张冬晓,陈亚洲,田庆民,等.某型无人机系统雷电脉冲磁场效应[J].强激光与粒子束,2015,27(10):361-366.ZHANG Dongxiao,CHEN Yazhou,TIAN Qingmin,et al.Lighting pulse magnetic field effects on UAV system[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2015,27(10):361-366.
[10]宋祖勋,俞卞章.无人机电磁环境效应评估及其准则研究[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(12):2801-2804,2808.SONG Zuxun,YU Bianzhang.Study on the evaluation and criteria of electromagnetic environment effects for UAV[J].Journal of System Simulation,2017,16(12):2801-2804,2808.
[11]潘晓东,魏光辉,卢新福,等.复杂瞬态注入波形的等效简化方法[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1736-1744.PAN Xiaodong,WEI Guanghui,LU Xinfu,et al.Equivalent simplification method of complex transient injection waveform[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):1736-1744.
[12]李勃,黄大庆.基于电磁环境效应的无人机系统级电磁辐射指标制定[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2007,53(3),347-350.LI Bo,HUANG Daqing.The confirmation of systems standard of unmanned aerial vehicle based on electromagnetic environment effects[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science Edition),2007,53(3):347-350.
[13]李勃,黄大庆.一种新的无人机系统级电磁兼容测试法[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2009,48(2):31-35.LI Bo,HUANG Daqing.An innovative EMC test method at the system level of UAV[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitates Sunyatseni,2009,48(2):31-35.
[14]宋祖勋,俞卞章,叶烽,等.基于环境适应性的无人机电磁仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2003,15(3):433-436.SONG Zuxun,YU Bianzhang,YE Feng,et al.Research on electromagnetic simulation for UAV focused on environment applicability[J].Journal of System Simulation,2003,15(3):433-436.
[15]陈亚洲,张冬晓,田庆民,等.某型无人机数据链系统HEMP辐照效[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):959-965.CHEN Yazhou,ZHANG Dongxiao,TIAN Qingmin,et.al.HEMP radiation effects on unmanned aerial vehicle data link system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):959-965.
[16]魏光辉,卢新福,潘晓东.强场电磁辐射效应测试方法研究进展与发展趋势[J].高电压技术,2016,42(5):1347-1355.WEI Guanghui,LU Xinfu,PAN Xiaodong.Recent progress and development in test methods for high intensity electromagnetic field radiation effect[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(5):1347-1355.