四环素对人粪便好氧堆肥过程及微生物群落演替的影响
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摘要
以人粪便和锯末为实验材料,研究了四环素(TC)对好氧堆肥过程中理化性质、酶活性以及微生物群落演替的影响.实验共设4个处理:CK(不添加TC)、TC100(100 mg·kg~(-1)TC)、TC250(250 mg·kg~(-1)TC)和TC500(500 mg·kg~(-1)TC).采用高通量16S rRNA基因测序技术对堆肥中微生物群落结构进行分析.结果表明,TC对堆肥理化性质的影响与其浓度有关,堆肥中TC浓度的增加显著抑制了堆肥温度的升高,增加了水溶性碳(WSC)的残留,降低了种子发芽率(GI)并抑制了脱氢酶活性(DHA).堆肥温度、WSC、GI和DHA等堆肥参数都可以用来表征堆肥的腐熟度,以上结果表明堆肥中TC浓度高达500 mg·kg~(-1)时,TC阻碍了人粪便好氧堆肥过程并影响堆肥产物的腐熟.而且,TC浓度的增加显著改变了堆肥中的微生物群落演替,降低了微生物的多样性和丰度.TC对堆肥过程和堆肥产物腐熟的主要不利影响是对微生物群落结构的干扰和对生物活性的抑制.
In order to investigate the effect of antibiotics on composting behavior,enzymatic activity,and microbial community succession during the aerobic composting of human feces using sawdust as the bulk carrier,tetracycline(TC) was added to the composting system at four different concentrations(0,100,250,and 500 mg·kg~(-1)).Microbial community succession was examined by high-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.The results showed that the influence of TC on the physical and chemical properties of compost was related to its concentration.With the increase in TC concentration,the temperature increase during aerobic composting was inhibited,the water-soluble carbon(WSC) residue was increased,the germination index(GI) was decreased,and the dehydrogenase activity(DHA) was also hindered.Parameters,such as temperature,WSC,GI,and DHA,are widely accepted and representative indicators to evaluate compost maturity.Overall,when the concentration of TC was higher than 500 mg·kg~(-1),the aerobic composting process and the maturity of the final compost were inhibited.Furthermore,elevated TC caused significant changes in microbial community succession and reductions in community diversity and abundance.Therefore,interference in microbial community structures and a hindrance to biological activity are believed to be the main adverse effects of TC on the composting process and maturity of the composting products.
In order to investigate the effect of antibiotics on composting behavior,enzymatic activity,and microbial community succession during the aerobic composting of human feces using sawdust as the bulk carrier,tetracycline(TC) was added to the composting system at four different concentrations(0,100,250,and 500 mg·kg~(-1)).Microbial community succession was examined by high-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.The results showed that the influence of TC on the physical and chemical properties of compost was related to its concentration.With the increase in TC concentration,the temperature increase during aerobic composting was inhibited,the water-soluble carbon(WSC) residue was increased,the germination index(GI) was decreased,and the dehydrogenase activity(DHA) was also hindered.Parameters,such as temperature,WSC,GI,and DHA,are widely accepted and representative indicators to evaluate compost maturity.Overall,when the concentration of TC was higher than 500 mg·kg~(-1),the aerobic composting process and the maturity of the final compost were inhibited.Furthermore,elevated TC caused significant changes in microbial community succession and reductions in community diversity and abundance.Therefore,interference in microbial community structures and a hindrance to biological activity are believed to be the main adverse effects of TC on the composting process and maturity of the composting products.
引文
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[19]Feng L J,Zhang L Q,Feng L.Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil amended with sewage sludge compost[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2014,95:200-207.
[20]Lopez Zavala M A,Funamizu N,Takakuwa T.Biological activity in the composting reactor of the bio-toilet system[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(7):805-812.
[21]刁晓平,孙英健,孙振钧,等.3种兽药对土壤微生物呼吸的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(2):39-43.Diao X P,Sun Y J,Sun Z J,et al.Effects of three kinds of veterinary drugs on microbe respiration in different soils[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2006,11(2):39-43.
[22]Yang L,Zhang S H,Chen Z Q,et al.Maturity and security assessment of pilot-scale aerobic co-composting of penicillin fermentation dregs(PFDs)with sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,204:185-191.
[23]Bernai M P,Paredes C,Sánchez-Monedero M A,et al.Maturity and stability parameters of composts prepared with a wide range of organic wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,1998,63(1):91-99.
[24]Vargas-García M C,Suárez-Estrella F,López M J,et al.Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials[J].Waste Management,2010,30(5):771-778.
[25]Wei X,Wu S C,Nie X P,et al.The effects of residual tetracycline on soil enzymatic activities and plant growth[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part B:Pesticides,Food Contaminants,and Agricultural Wastes,2009,44(5):461-471.
[26]Wong J W C,Fang M.Effects of lime addition on sewage sludge composting process[J].Water Research,2000,34(15):3691-3698.
[27]Sengupta A,Dick W A.Bacterial community diversity in soil under two tillage practices as determined by pyrosequencing[J].Microbial Ecology,2015,70(3):853-859.
[28]Zhang W,Huang M H,Qi F F,et al.Effect of trace tetracycline concentrations on the structure of a microbial community and the development of tetracycline resistance genes in sequencing batch reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,150:9-14.
[29]Sun J J,Qian X,Gu J,et al.Effects of oxytetracycline on the abundance and community structure of nitrogen-fixing bacteria during cattle manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:801-807.
[30]Takaku H,Kodaira S,Kimoto A,et al.Microbial communities in the garbage composting with rice hull as an amendment revealed by culture-dependent and-independent approaches[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2006,101(1):42-50.
[31]Tang J C,Inoue Y,Yasuta T,et al.Chemical and microbial properties of various compost products[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2003,49(2):273-280.
[32]Wang R,Zhang J Y,Sui Q W,et al.Effect of red mud addition on tetracycline and copper resistance genes and microbial community during the full scale swine manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:1049-1057.
[33]Wang X J,Pan S Q,Zhang Z J,et al.Effects of the feeding ratio of food waste on fed-batch aerobic composting and its microbial community[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,224:397-404.
[34]De Gannes V,Eudoxie G,Hickey W J.Prokaryotic successions and diversity in composts as revealed by 454-pyrosequencing[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,133:573-580.
[35]Cucurachi M,Busconi M,Marudelli M,et al.Direct amplification of new cellulase genes from woodland soil purified DNA[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2013,40(7):4317-4325.
[36]Domínguez-Mendoza C A,Bello-López J M,Navarro-Noya Y E,et al.Bacterial community structure in fumigated soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,73:122-129.
[37]Salinas-Martínez A,De Los Santos-Córdova M,Soto-Cruz O,et al.Development of a bioremediation process by biostimulation of native microbial consortium through the heap leaching technique[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2008,88(1):115-119.
[38]Stolz A,Bürger S,Kuhm A,et al.Pusillimonas noertemannii gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a new member of the family Alcaligenaceae that degrades substituted salicylates[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2005,55(Pt 3):1077-1081.
[39]胡春晓,陈耀宁,张嘉超,等.农业废物好氧堆肥中环境因子对nir K、nir S和nos Z数量的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):1196-1203.Hu C X,Chen Y N,Zhang J C,et al.Effects of physicochemical parameters on the abundance of the denitrificationassociated genes nir K,nir S and nos Z during agricultural waste composting[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(3):1196-1203.
[40]Ligi T,Oopkaup K,Truu M,et al.Characterization of bacterial communities in soil and sediment of a created riverine wetland complex using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,72:56-66.
[2]Jenkins M W,Cumming O,Cairncross S.Pit latrine emptying behavior and demand for sanitation services in Dar Es Salaam,Tanzania[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2015,12(3):2588-2611.
[3]Bernal M P,Alburquerque J A,Moral R.Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment.A review[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5444-5453.
[4]Kazama S,Tameike N,Nakagawa N,et al.A fate model of pathogenic viruses in a composting toilet based on coliphage inactivation[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(7):1194-1198.
[5]Lopez Zavala M A,Funamizu N,Takakuwa T.Modeling of aerobic biodegradation of feces using sawdust as a matrix[J].Water Research,2004,38(5):1327-1339.
[6]Du L F,Liu W K.Occurrence,fate,and ecotoxicity of antibiotics in agro-ecosystems.A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2012,32(2):309-327.
[7]Heberer T.Occurrence,fate,and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment:a review of recent research data[J].Toxicology Letters,2002,131(1-2):5-17.
[8]Kakimoto T,Osawa T,Funamizu N.Antibiotic effect of amoxicillin on the feces composting process and reactivation of bacteria by intermittent feeding of feces[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(18):3555-3560.
[9]Wu X F,Wei Y S,Zheng J X,et al.The behavior of tetracyclines and their degradation products during swine manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5924-5931.
[10]Shi H L,Wang X C,Li Q,et al.Degradation of typical antibiotics during human feces aerobic composting under different temperatures[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(15):15076-15087.
[11]Hirsch R,Ternes T,Haberer K,et al.Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment[J].Science of the Total Environment,1999,225(1-2):109-118.
[12]王桂珍,李兆君,张树清,等.土霉素在鸡粪好氧堆肥过程中的降解及其对相关参数的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):795-803.Wang G Z,Li Z J,Zhang S Q,et al.Degradation of oxytetracycline in chicken feces aerobic-composting and its effects on their related parameters[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(2):795-803.
[13]郭梦婷,邓友华,冯小晏,等.土霉素残留对猪粪堆肥过程中理化性质的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(2):50-54.Guo M T,Deng Y H,Feng X Y,et al.Effects of residual oxytetracycline on the physical and chemical properties of pig manure during composting[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2012,34(2):50-54.
[14]沈颖,魏源送,郑嘉熹,等.猪粪中四环素类抗生素残留物的生物降解[J].过程工程学报,2009,9(5):962-968.Shen Y,Wei Y S,Zheng J X,et al.Biodegradation of tetracycline antibiotics residues in swine manure[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2009,9(5):962-968.
[15]Qian X,Sun W,Gu J,et al.Variable effects of oxytetracycline on antibiotic resistance gene abundance and the bacterial community during aerobic composting of cow manure[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,315:61-69.
[16]张凯煜,谷洁,赵听,等.土霉素和磺胺二甲嘧啶对堆肥过程中酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):3927-3936.Zhang K Y,Gu J,Zhao T,et al.Effects of OTC and SM2on the enzyme activities and the functional diversity of microbial community during pig manure composting[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(12):3927-3936.
[17]Sarmah A K,Meyer M T,Boxall A B A.A global perspective on the use,sales,exposure pathways,occurrence,fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics(VAs)in the environment[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(5):725-759.
[18]Carman R J,Simon M A,PetzoldⅢH E,et al.Antibiotics in the human food chain:establishing no effect levels of tetracycline,neomycin,and erythromycin using a chemostat model of the human colonic microflora[J].Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,2005,43(2):168-180.
[19]Feng L J,Zhang L Q,Feng L.Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil amended with sewage sludge compost[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2014,95:200-207.
[20]Lopez Zavala M A,Funamizu N,Takakuwa T.Biological activity in the composting reactor of the bio-toilet system[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(7):805-812.
[21]刁晓平,孙英健,孙振钧,等.3种兽药对土壤微生物呼吸的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(2):39-43.Diao X P,Sun Y J,Sun Z J,et al.Effects of three kinds of veterinary drugs on microbe respiration in different soils[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2006,11(2):39-43.
[22]Yang L,Zhang S H,Chen Z Q,et al.Maturity and security assessment of pilot-scale aerobic co-composting of penicillin fermentation dregs(PFDs)with sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,204:185-191.
[23]Bernai M P,Paredes C,Sánchez-Monedero M A,et al.Maturity and stability parameters of composts prepared with a wide range of organic wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,1998,63(1):91-99.
[24]Vargas-García M C,Suárez-Estrella F,López M J,et al.Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials[J].Waste Management,2010,30(5):771-778.
[25]Wei X,Wu S C,Nie X P,et al.The effects of residual tetracycline on soil enzymatic activities and plant growth[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part B:Pesticides,Food Contaminants,and Agricultural Wastes,2009,44(5):461-471.
[26]Wong J W C,Fang M.Effects of lime addition on sewage sludge composting process[J].Water Research,2000,34(15):3691-3698.
[27]Sengupta A,Dick W A.Bacterial community diversity in soil under two tillage practices as determined by pyrosequencing[J].Microbial Ecology,2015,70(3):853-859.
[28]Zhang W,Huang M H,Qi F F,et al.Effect of trace tetracycline concentrations on the structure of a microbial community and the development of tetracycline resistance genes in sequencing batch reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,150:9-14.
[29]Sun J J,Qian X,Gu J,et al.Effects of oxytetracycline on the abundance and community structure of nitrogen-fixing bacteria during cattle manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:801-807.
[30]Takaku H,Kodaira S,Kimoto A,et al.Microbial communities in the garbage composting with rice hull as an amendment revealed by culture-dependent and-independent approaches[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2006,101(1):42-50.
[31]Tang J C,Inoue Y,Yasuta T,et al.Chemical and microbial properties of various compost products[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2003,49(2):273-280.
[32]Wang R,Zhang J Y,Sui Q W,et al.Effect of red mud addition on tetracycline and copper resistance genes and microbial community during the full scale swine manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:1049-1057.
[33]Wang X J,Pan S Q,Zhang Z J,et al.Effects of the feeding ratio of food waste on fed-batch aerobic composting and its microbial community[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,224:397-404.
[34]De Gannes V,Eudoxie G,Hickey W J.Prokaryotic successions and diversity in composts as revealed by 454-pyrosequencing[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,133:573-580.
[35]Cucurachi M,Busconi M,Marudelli M,et al.Direct amplification of new cellulase genes from woodland soil purified DNA[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2013,40(7):4317-4325.
[36]Domínguez-Mendoza C A,Bello-López J M,Navarro-Noya Y E,et al.Bacterial community structure in fumigated soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,73:122-129.
[37]Salinas-Martínez A,De Los Santos-Córdova M,Soto-Cruz O,et al.Development of a bioremediation process by biostimulation of native microbial consortium through the heap leaching technique[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2008,88(1):115-119.
[38]Stolz A,Bürger S,Kuhm A,et al.Pusillimonas noertemannii gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a new member of the family Alcaligenaceae that degrades substituted salicylates[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2005,55(Pt 3):1077-1081.
[39]胡春晓,陈耀宁,张嘉超,等.农业废物好氧堆肥中环境因子对nir K、nir S和nos Z数量的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):1196-1203.Hu C X,Chen Y N,Zhang J C,et al.Effects of physicochemical parameters on the abundance of the denitrificationassociated genes nir K,nir S and nos Z during agricultural waste composting[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(3):1196-1203.
[40]Ligi T,Oopkaup K,Truu M,et al.Characterization of bacterial communities in soil and sediment of a created riverine wetland complex using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,72:56-66.