急冷Sm-Fe合金的显微结构及其氮化的研究
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摘要
采用熔体急冷法,将钐含量为30%(质量分数)的钐铁母合金在高真空旋淬一体炉中进行急冷处理,制得急冷Sm Fe合金薄带。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、热重-示差扫描量热分析仪(TG-DSC)、氧氮氢联测仪等对氮化前后急冷态钐铁合金进行了显微组织和结构、氮含量的测定,分析了渗氮效果。结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,钐铁合金薄带的微观结构显著细化。当旋淬一体炉的单辊转速超过34. 0 m·s-1,制得了一种晶体与非晶体共存的急冷态钐铁合金,由接近Sm2Fe17正成分的晶相与非晶相基体组成。对合金进行渗氮处理后发现,N原子进入到急冷钐铁合金后,形成了以Sm2Fe17Nx和α-Fe为主相的晶体与含氮非晶体共存的化合物,气体渗氮量可以达到4. 155%。这种晶体与非晶体共存的结构特征可以改善钐铁合金的渗氮效果。
A rapidly quenched Sm-Fe alloy ribbons with a nominal chemical composition of 30% Sm( mass fraction) were prepared in a rotating-quenching furnace in Ar atmosphere. The microstructure of the ribbons was investigated with X-ray diffraction( XRD),field emission scanning electron microscope( FE-SEM),thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry( TG-DSC) simultaneous thermal analysis,and the nitrogen content was evaluated on nitrogen-oxygen-hydrogen analyzer. Results indicated that the rise of cooling rate led to the microstructural transition and refinement. A Sm-Fe alloy ribbon was fabricated with the microstructure of crystalline Sm2 Fe17 phase and amorphous matrix when the rate of rotating wheel was up to 34. 0 m·s-1. After gas nitriding treatment,a composite constituted of crystalline Sm2 Fe17 Nxand α-Fe,and amorphous nitride phase was formed due to the penetration of nitrogen atoms. This microstructure consisting of crystalline Sm2 Fe17 phase and amorphous matrix was beneficial for increasing the absorption content of nitrogen in nitriding process,which could be proved by the fact that the nitrogen content was up to 4. 155%.
A rapidly quenched Sm-Fe alloy ribbons with a nominal chemical composition of 30% Sm( mass fraction) were prepared in a rotating-quenching furnace in Ar atmosphere. The microstructure of the ribbons was investigated with X-ray diffraction( XRD),field emission scanning electron microscope( FE-SEM),thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry( TG-DSC) simultaneous thermal analysis,and the nitrogen content was evaluated on nitrogen-oxygen-hydrogen analyzer. Results indicated that the rise of cooling rate led to the microstructural transition and refinement. A Sm-Fe alloy ribbon was fabricated with the microstructure of crystalline Sm2 Fe17 phase and amorphous matrix when the rate of rotating wheel was up to 34. 0 m·s-1. After gas nitriding treatment,a composite constituted of crystalline Sm2 Fe17 Nxand α-Fe,and amorphous nitride phase was formed due to the penetration of nitrogen atoms. This microstructure consisting of crystalline Sm2 Fe17 phase and amorphous matrix was beneficial for increasing the absorption content of nitrogen in nitriding process,which could be proved by the fact that the nitrogen content was up to 4. 155%.
引文
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[2] Ma J X,Yan M,Zhao C L,Xiao H B,Wen Y H,Yang D R. Effect of microstructure before nitrogenation on magnetic properties of Sm Fe N alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Science&Engineering,2005,23(2):244.(马建勋,严密,赵传礼,肖洪博,文玉华,杨德仁.氮化前显微组织对Sm Fe N合金磁性能的影响[J].材料科学与工程学报,2005,23(2):244.)
[3] Gao Y,Chen W L,Wang L,Guo Z. Effect of rare earth metals on microstructure and corrosion properties of7085 aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2016,23(3):145.(高妍,陈文琳,王梁,郭震.稀土对7085铝合金锻件组织和腐蚀性能的影响[J].塑性工程学报,2016,23(3):145.)
[4] Yang Y C. Progress in industrialization of new anisotropic rare earth permanent magnet materials[J]. Advanced Materials Industry,2011,(2):40.(杨应昌.新型各向异性稀土永磁材料产业化开发进展[J].新材料产业,2011,(2):40.)
[5] Giulii C F,Donato G De,Caricchi F. Recent advances in axial-flux permanent-magnet machine technology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2012,48(6):2190.
[6] Tong W P,Tao N R,Wang Z B,LüJ,Lu K. Gas nitriding of nanocrystalline iron[J]. Heat Treatment,2007,22(2):11.(佟伟平,陶乃镕,王镇波,吕坚,卢柯.纳米结构纯铁的气体渗氮[J].热处理,2007,22(2):11.)
[7] Lin Y M,Lu J,Wang L P,Xu T,Xue Q J. Surface nanocrystallization by surface mechanical attrition treatment and its effect on structure and properties of plasma nitrided AISI 321 stainless steel[J]. Acta Materialia,2006,54(20):5599.
[8] Ponnambalam V,Poon S J,Shiflet G J. Fe-based bulk metallic glasses with diameter thickness larger than one centimeter[J]. Journal of Materials Research,2004,19(5):1320.
[9] Yang D Y,Chen Y L,Li J Y. Effect of Y on microstructure and properties of MP35N alloy[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2016,23(5):131.(杨东艳,陈雨来,李静媛.稀土Y对MP35N合金组织和性能的影响[J].塑性工程学报,2016,23(5):131.)
[10] Kou S Z,Wang X S,Shang S S,Liu G Q. Influnce of adding Mn and N on glass-forming ability and anti-corrosion property of Fe-based amorphous alloys[J]. Corrosion&Protection,2010,31(10):778.(寇生中,王新生,尚沙沙,刘广桥.添加Mn和N对铁基非晶合金形成能力与腐蚀性能的影响[J].腐蚀与防护,2010,31(10):778.)
[11] Huang Z H,Zhou B X,Yang S Q. Mathematical and physical analysis of melt during single roll rapid quenching process[A]. China Nuclear Materials Conference Proceedings[C]. 2006. 415.(黄照华,周邦新,杨氏清.单辊熔体快淬凝固工艺的数学物理分析[A]. 2006全国核材料学术交流会论文集[C]. 2006. 415.)
[12] Zinkevich M,Mattern N,Handstein A,Gutfleisch O.Thermodynamics of Fe-Sm,Fe-H,and H-Sm systems and its application to the hydrogen-disproportionation-desorption-recombination(HDDR)process for the system Fe17Sm2-H2[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2002,339(1-2):118.
[13] Shield J E,Kappes B B,Meacham B E,Dennies K W,Kramer M J. Microstructures and phase formation in rapidly solidified Sm-Fe alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2003,351(1-2):106.
[14] Zhang R,Liu Y,Li F,Gao S J,Tu M J. Nitrogenization of Sm2Fe17alloy and corresponding affecting factors[J]. Journal of Magnetic Materials and Devices,2004,35(2):39.(张然,刘颖,李芳,高升吉,涂铭旌.Sm2Fe17合金的氮化处理及其相关影响[J].磁性材料及器件,2004,35(2):39.)
[15] Qiu X F,Cui X Z,Yang B,Chen H B. Microstructure evolution of Sm-Fe alloy prepared by cryomilling in liquid nitrogen[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2010,39(8):1484.(邱晓锋,崔向中,杨滨,陈汉宾.液氮球磨SmFe合金的组织演变[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2010,39(8):1484.)
[16] Ye J W,Liu Y,Wang D,Zhu G L,Gao S J,Tu M J.Analysis on nitration process of Sm2Fe17powder by XRD method[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2006,35(11):1835.(叶金文,刘颖,王东,朱国丽,高升吉,涂铭旌.用XRD研究Sm2Fe17合金氮化行为[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(11):1835.)