坡度对伊犁河流域土壤侵蚀的试验分析
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摘要
【目的】通过模拟降雨试验,分析坡度对伊犁河流域土壤侵蚀的影响,从而为该区域水土保持工作提供借鉴.【方法】以伊犁河流域作为研究对象,基于前人研究的临界坡度,利用ArcGIS对该流域的坡度进行分级;同时,通过模拟降雨实验,选定3个不同的坡度为研究基础(5°,10°,15°),从土壤结构出发,对坡度侵蚀进行分析.【结果】伊犁河流域的土壤侵蚀主要集中在该流域坡度为10°~15°的高山区雪线以下至山前洪积平原,坡度由陡变缓的区域,占伊犁河流域面积的11.75%,而该区域受气候等因素的影响,土壤大块、团粒结构容易被破坏,容易发生土壤侵蚀.【结论】在该流域进行水土保持工作时,建议把预防工作重点放在这些容易被侵蚀的区域.
【Objective】To analyze the effect of slope on soil erosion of Yili River Basin,and to provide the suggestions for soil and water conservation.【Method】The basin of Yili River was used as the research object based on the critical slope of the predecessors′study.The slope of the basin was classified by using ArcGIS classification.Meanwhile,the soil structure and the erosion were analyzed by the simulated rainfall experiment at selected three different slope as the research foundation(5°,10°,15°).【Result】The soil erosion mainly happened in the slope between 10° to 15° of high mountain snowline to piedmont diluvial plain,the area of significant slope change,accounted for 11.75% of the Yili River valley area,and the area was affected by multiple factors such as climate,soil,massive,granular structure easy to damage.【Conclusion】The prevention work of water and soil conservation is suggested to focus on the easily eroded area for Yili River basin.
【Objective】To analyze the effect of slope on soil erosion of Yili River Basin,and to provide the suggestions for soil and water conservation.【Method】The basin of Yili River was used as the research object based on the critical slope of the predecessors′study.The slope of the basin was classified by using ArcGIS classification.Meanwhile,the soil structure and the erosion were analyzed by the simulated rainfall experiment at selected three different slope as the research foundation(5°,10°,15°).【Result】The soil erosion mainly happened in the slope between 10° to 15° of high mountain snowline to piedmont diluvial plain,the area of significant slope change,accounted for 11.75% of the Yili River valley area,and the area was affected by multiple factors such as climate,soil,massive,granular structure easy to damage.【Conclusion】The prevention work of water and soil conservation is suggested to focus on the easily eroded area for Yili River basin.
引文
[1]何志辉.新疆水土保持现状及治理分析[J].水利科技与经济,2015,21(8):76-77.
[2]加帕尔·买合比尔.论干旱区水资源与生态环境问题[J].干旱区资源与环境,1994,8(2):7-13.
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[4]郑子诚,秦凤,李延轩.不同坡度下紫色土地表微地形变化及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):168-175.
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[12]康飞龙,田青,张富,等.基于突变基数法的甘肃黄土高原沟壑区水土保持综合治理效益评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(6):81-88.
[13]ZHANG J M.Study on the soil development rule in Yili River basin[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2005,23(5):583-587.
[14]许尔琪,张红旗,董光龙.伊犁河谷土壤水力侵蚀的时空变化研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(7):1203-1211.
[15]付艳红,时铁彬,徐岩.含沙量测量方法及比较分析[J].东北水利水电,2010(9):36-36.
[16]李健、高崇、李国平,等.黄土丘陵区坡面水土流失规律研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,1996(3):71-76.
[17]蔡强国,王贵平.黄土高原侵蚀产沙过程与模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[18]秦耀东.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:15-16.
[19]耿豪鹏,潘保田,王超,等.基于GIS与USLE的榆中县土壤侵蚀[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(6):8-13.
[20]李欣欣,郭青霞,杨鑫芳,等.基于GIS与RUSLE模型岔口小流域土壤侵蚀定量[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(5):413-419
[21]汤国安,杨昕.地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:297-299.
[2]加帕尔·买合比尔.论干旱区水资源与生态环境问题[J].干旱区资源与环境,1994,8(2):7-13.
[3]田凯,李小青,鲁帆.坡面流侵蚀水动力学特征研究综述[J].中国水土保持,2010(4):44-48.
[4]郑子诚,秦凤,李延轩.不同坡度下紫色土地表微地形变化及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):168-175.
[5]焦峰,张晓萍,韦红波,等.关于新疆水土流失若干问题的讨论[J].干旱区研究,2000(3):49-53.
[6]ZINGG A W.Degree and length of land slope as it affects soil loss in runoff[J].Agri Eng,1940,21(2):59-64.
[7]唐克丽,史立人,史明德.中国水土保持[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[8]陈永宗,景可,蔡国强,等.黄土高原现代侵蚀与治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[9]耿晓东,郑粉莉,刘力.降雨强度和坡度双因子对紫色土坡面侵蚀产沙的影像[J].泥沙研究,2010(6):48-53.
[10]史银志.基于人工模拟降雨的伊宁市北山坡土壤侵蚀特性实验及预报模型研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2008.
[11]BATJES N H.Global assessment of land vulnerability to water erosion on a one half degree by one half degree grid[J].Land Degradation and Development,1996,7(4):353-365.
[12]康飞龙,田青,张富,等.基于突变基数法的甘肃黄土高原沟壑区水土保持综合治理效益评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(6):81-88.
[13]ZHANG J M.Study on the soil development rule in Yili River basin[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2005,23(5):583-587.
[14]许尔琪,张红旗,董光龙.伊犁河谷土壤水力侵蚀的时空变化研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(7):1203-1211.
[15]付艳红,时铁彬,徐岩.含沙量测量方法及比较分析[J].东北水利水电,2010(9):36-36.
[16]李健、高崇、李国平,等.黄土丘陵区坡面水土流失规律研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,1996(3):71-76.
[17]蔡强国,王贵平.黄土高原侵蚀产沙过程与模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[18]秦耀东.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:15-16.
[19]耿豪鹏,潘保田,王超,等.基于GIS与USLE的榆中县土壤侵蚀[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(6):8-13.
[20]李欣欣,郭青霞,杨鑫芳,等.基于GIS与RUSLE模型岔口小流域土壤侵蚀定量[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(5):413-419
[21]汤国安,杨昕.地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:297-299.