温度对自养型同步脱氮工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能及微生物群落的影响
|
摘要
通过运行4个不同温度条件下(30、25、20和15℃)的自养型同步脱氮反应器,研究了不同温度下自养型同步脱氮工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液的性能差异及其微生物机制.结果表明,30℃条件下反应器脱氮性能最佳.当温度由30℃降为25℃时,反应器总氮去除率从73%降低到66%,总氮去除速率从2. 29 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)降低到1. 72 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),污泥的形态和粒径变化不明显(SMD由80. 85μm降为79. 95μm).当温度低于20℃时,总氮去除率降低到42%,总氮去除速率降低到1. 18 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),同时发现污泥出现解体现象,粒径减小(SMD为63. 21μm).而当温度为15℃时,总氮去除率降低至37%,总氮去除速率低至1. 00 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),反应器运行困难.微生物群落结构分析表明,温度对厌氧氨氧化细菌的影响明显大于氨氧化细菌,因此低温条件下反应器脱氮性能下降的主要原因是厌氧氨氧化细菌对温度更敏感.
Four laboratory-scale autotrophic nitrogen removal bioreactors were implemented to investigate performance differences and microbial mechanisms under different temperatures( 30,25,20,and 15℃). The results showed that the reactor performance under30℃ was higher than others. When the temperature decreased from 30℃ to 25℃,total nitrogen removal efficiency reduced from 73%to 66%,and total nitrogen removal rate from 2. 29 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1) to 1. 72 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1). The morphology and particle size of the sludge did not change significantly( SMD: from 80. 85 μm to 79. 95 μm). When the temperature was 20℃,the total nitrogen removal efficiency reduced to 42%,the total nitrogen removal rate reduced to 1. 18 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1),and the sludge disintegration phenomenon occurred with particle size reduction( SMD: 63. 21 μm). When the temperature was 15℃,the total nitrogen removal efficiency reduced to 37%,and the total nitrogen removal rate got as low as 1. 00 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1). In addition to that,the reactor operation was difficult. The analysis of microbial community structure showed that the influence of temperature on anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria is greater than that on ammonia oxidizing bacteria. This sensitivity to temperature of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria was the main reason for the decreased performance under low temperature conditions.
Four laboratory-scale autotrophic nitrogen removal bioreactors were implemented to investigate performance differences and microbial mechanisms under different temperatures( 30,25,20,and 15℃). The results showed that the reactor performance under30℃ was higher than others. When the temperature decreased from 30℃ to 25℃,total nitrogen removal efficiency reduced from 73%to 66%,and total nitrogen removal rate from 2. 29 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1) to 1. 72 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1). The morphology and particle size of the sludge did not change significantly( SMD: from 80. 85 μm to 79. 95 μm). When the temperature was 20℃,the total nitrogen removal efficiency reduced to 42%,the total nitrogen removal rate reduced to 1. 18 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1),and the sludge disintegration phenomenon occurred with particle size reduction( SMD: 63. 21 μm). When the temperature was 15℃,the total nitrogen removal efficiency reduced to 37%,and the total nitrogen removal rate got as low as 1. 00 kg·( m~3·d)~(-1). In addition to that,the reactor operation was difficult. The analysis of microbial community structure showed that the influence of temperature on anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria is greater than that on ammonia oxidizing bacteria. This sensitivity to temperature of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria was the main reason for the decreased performance under low temperature conditions.
引文
[1]王伸,邓良伟,徐则,等.猪场废水厌氧消化液好氧处理过程酸化改进及菌群结构变化[J].中国沼气,2017,35(2):15-23.Wang S,Deng L W,Xu Z,et al.Improvement in acidification during aerobic treatment of digested swine wastewater and its microbial community variation[J].China Biogas,2017,35(2):15-23.
[2]Yamamoto T,Takaki K,Koyama T,et al.Novel partial nitritation treatment for anaerobic digestion liquor of swine wastewater using swim-bed technology[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2006,102(6):497-503.
[3]Yang H N,Deng L W,Liu G J,et al.A model for methane production in anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater[J].Water Research,2016,102:464-474.
[4]Zhu W Q,Li J,Dong H Y,et al.Nitrogen removal performance and operation strategy of anammox process under temperature shock[J].Biodegradation,2017,28(4):261-274.
[5]MagríA,Béline F,Dabert P.Feasibility and interest of the anammox process as treatment alternative for anaerobic digester supernatants in manure processing-an overview[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,131:170-184.
[6]张正哲,姬玉欣,陈辉,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺的应用现状和问题[J].生物工程学报,2014,30(12):1804-1816.Zhang Z Z,Ji Y X,Chen H,et al.Application and obstacles of ANAMMOX process[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2014,30(12):1804-1816.
[7]Wang L,Zheng P,Chen T T,et al.Performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal in the granular sludge bed reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,123:78-85.
[8]Wang S,Wang L,Deng L W,et al.Performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal from digested piggery wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,241:465-472.
[9]Gao D W,Lu J C,Liang H.Simultaneous energy recovery and autotrophic nitrogen removal from sewage at moderately low temperatures[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(6):2637-2645.
[10]Pedersen L F,Pedersen P B,Sortkjr O.Temperaturedependent and surface specific formaldehyde degradation in submerged biofilters[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2007,36(2):127-136.
[11]Morales N,Val del Ríoá,Vázquez-Padín J R,et al.The granular biomass properties and the acclimation period affect the partial nitritation/anammox process stability at a low temperature and ammonium concentration[J].Process Biochemistry,2016,51(12):2134-2142.
[12]Dosta J,Fernández I,Vázquez-Padín J R,et al.Short-and longterm effects of temperature on the Anammox process[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,154(1-3):688-693.
[13]Laureni M,Weissbrodt D G,Szivák I,et al.Activity and growth of anammox biomass on aerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater[J].Water Research,2015,80:325-336.
[14]Guo Q,Xing B S,Li P,et al.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)under realistic seasonal temperature variations:characteristics of biogranules and process performance[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,192:765-773.
[15]Chen Y S,Zhao Z,Peng Y K,et al.Performance of a full-scale modified anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process:High-throughput sequence analysis of its microbial structures and their community functions[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,220:225-232.
[16]Ali M,Chai L Y,Tang C J,et al.The increasing interest of ANAMMOX research in China:bacteria,process development,and application[J].BioMed Research International,2013,2013:134914.
[17]Chen H,Zhang M M.Effects of advanced treatment systems on the removal of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants from Hangzhou,China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(15):8157-8163.
[18]Sabine Marie P,Pümpel T,Markt R,et al.Comparative evaluation of multiple methods to quantify and characterise granular anammox biomass[J].Water Research,2015,68:194-205.
[19]Krieg N R,Staley J T,Brown D R,et al.Bergey's manualof systematic bacteriology[M].New York:Springer,2010.
[20]Lim J H,Baek S H,Lee S T.Ferruginibacter alkalilentus gen.nov.,sp.nov.and Ferruginibacter lapsinanis sp.nov.,novel members of the family'Chitinophagaceae'in the phylum Bacteroidetes,isolated from freshwater sediment[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2009,59(10):2394-2399.
[21]De Vos P,Garrity G M,Jones D,et al.Bergey's manualof systematic bacteriology(2nd ed.)[M].New York:Springer,2009.
[22]Podosokorskaya O A,Kadnikov V V,Gavrilov S N,et al.Characterization of Melioribacter roseus gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a novel facultatively anaerobic thermophilic cellulolytic bacterium from the class Ignavibacteria,and a proposal of a novel bacterial phylum Ignavibacteriae[J].Environmental Microbiology,2013,15(6):1759-1771.
[23]Boone D R,Castenholz R W,Garrity G M.Bergey's manualof systematic bacteriology[M].New York:Springer,2001.
[24]Wu S,Bhattacharjee A S,Goel R.Comparison of performance and microbial communities in single stage suspended and attached growth partial nitritation/anammox reactors under different temperatures[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2017,34(2):63-72.
[25]De Clippeleir H,Vlaeminck S E,De Wilde F,et al.One-stage partial nitritation/anammox at 15℃on pretreated sewage:feasibility demonstration at lab-scale[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2013,97(23):10199-10210.
[26]Qian F Y,Wang J F,Shen Y L,et al.Achieving high performance completely autotrophic nitrogen removal in a continuous granular sludge reactor[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2017,118:97-104.
[27]Bagchi S,Biswas R,Nandy T.Alkalinity and dissolved oxygen as controlling parameters for ammonia removal through partial nitritation and ANAMMOX in a single-stage bioreactor[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology,2010,37(8):871-876.
[28]Vázquez-Padín J R,Fernández I,Morales N,et al.Autotrophic nitrogen removal at low temperature[J].Water Science&Technology,2011,63(6):1282-1288.
[29]Vlaeminck S E,Terada A,Smets B F,et al.Aggregate size and architecture determine microbial activity balance for one-stage partial nitritation and anammox[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2010,76(3):900-909.
[30]Volcke E I P,Picioreanu C,De Baets B,et al.The granule size distribution in an anammox-based granular sludge reactor affects the conversion-implications for modeling[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2012,109(7):1629-1636.
[31]Hill V R,Kahler A M,Jothikumar N,et al.Multistate evaluation of an ultrafiltration-based procedure for simultaneous recovery of enteric microbes in 100-liter tap water samples[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(13):4218-4225.
[2]Yamamoto T,Takaki K,Koyama T,et al.Novel partial nitritation treatment for anaerobic digestion liquor of swine wastewater using swim-bed technology[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2006,102(6):497-503.
[3]Yang H N,Deng L W,Liu G J,et al.A model for methane production in anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater[J].Water Research,2016,102:464-474.
[4]Zhu W Q,Li J,Dong H Y,et al.Nitrogen removal performance and operation strategy of anammox process under temperature shock[J].Biodegradation,2017,28(4):261-274.
[5]MagríA,Béline F,Dabert P.Feasibility and interest of the anammox process as treatment alternative for anaerobic digester supernatants in manure processing-an overview[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,131:170-184.
[6]张正哲,姬玉欣,陈辉,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺的应用现状和问题[J].生物工程学报,2014,30(12):1804-1816.Zhang Z Z,Ji Y X,Chen H,et al.Application and obstacles of ANAMMOX process[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2014,30(12):1804-1816.
[7]Wang L,Zheng P,Chen T T,et al.Performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal in the granular sludge bed reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,123:78-85.
[8]Wang S,Wang L,Deng L W,et al.Performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal from digested piggery wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,241:465-472.
[9]Gao D W,Lu J C,Liang H.Simultaneous energy recovery and autotrophic nitrogen removal from sewage at moderately low temperatures[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(6):2637-2645.
[10]Pedersen L F,Pedersen P B,Sortkjr O.Temperaturedependent and surface specific formaldehyde degradation in submerged biofilters[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2007,36(2):127-136.
[11]Morales N,Val del Ríoá,Vázquez-Padín J R,et al.The granular biomass properties and the acclimation period affect the partial nitritation/anammox process stability at a low temperature and ammonium concentration[J].Process Biochemistry,2016,51(12):2134-2142.
[12]Dosta J,Fernández I,Vázquez-Padín J R,et al.Short-and longterm effects of temperature on the Anammox process[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,154(1-3):688-693.
[13]Laureni M,Weissbrodt D G,Szivák I,et al.Activity and growth of anammox biomass on aerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater[J].Water Research,2015,80:325-336.
[14]Guo Q,Xing B S,Li P,et al.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)under realistic seasonal temperature variations:characteristics of biogranules and process performance[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,192:765-773.
[15]Chen Y S,Zhao Z,Peng Y K,et al.Performance of a full-scale modified anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process:High-throughput sequence analysis of its microbial structures and their community functions[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,220:225-232.
[16]Ali M,Chai L Y,Tang C J,et al.The increasing interest of ANAMMOX research in China:bacteria,process development,and application[J].BioMed Research International,2013,2013:134914.
[17]Chen H,Zhang M M.Effects of advanced treatment systems on the removal of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants from Hangzhou,China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(15):8157-8163.
[18]Sabine Marie P,Pümpel T,Markt R,et al.Comparative evaluation of multiple methods to quantify and characterise granular anammox biomass[J].Water Research,2015,68:194-205.
[19]Krieg N R,Staley J T,Brown D R,et al.Bergey's manualof systematic bacteriology[M].New York:Springer,2010.
[20]Lim J H,Baek S H,Lee S T.Ferruginibacter alkalilentus gen.nov.,sp.nov.and Ferruginibacter lapsinanis sp.nov.,novel members of the family'Chitinophagaceae'in the phylum Bacteroidetes,isolated from freshwater sediment[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2009,59(10):2394-2399.
[21]De Vos P,Garrity G M,Jones D,et al.Bergey's manualof systematic bacteriology(2nd ed.)[M].New York:Springer,2009.
[22]Podosokorskaya O A,Kadnikov V V,Gavrilov S N,et al.Characterization of Melioribacter roseus gen.nov.,sp.nov.,a novel facultatively anaerobic thermophilic cellulolytic bacterium from the class Ignavibacteria,and a proposal of a novel bacterial phylum Ignavibacteriae[J].Environmental Microbiology,2013,15(6):1759-1771.
[23]Boone D R,Castenholz R W,Garrity G M.Bergey's manualof systematic bacteriology[M].New York:Springer,2001.
[24]Wu S,Bhattacharjee A S,Goel R.Comparison of performance and microbial communities in single stage suspended and attached growth partial nitritation/anammox reactors under different temperatures[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2017,34(2):63-72.
[25]De Clippeleir H,Vlaeminck S E,De Wilde F,et al.One-stage partial nitritation/anammox at 15℃on pretreated sewage:feasibility demonstration at lab-scale[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2013,97(23):10199-10210.
[26]Qian F Y,Wang J F,Shen Y L,et al.Achieving high performance completely autotrophic nitrogen removal in a continuous granular sludge reactor[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2017,118:97-104.
[27]Bagchi S,Biswas R,Nandy T.Alkalinity and dissolved oxygen as controlling parameters for ammonia removal through partial nitritation and ANAMMOX in a single-stage bioreactor[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology&Biotechnology,2010,37(8):871-876.
[28]Vázquez-Padín J R,Fernández I,Morales N,et al.Autotrophic nitrogen removal at low temperature[J].Water Science&Technology,2011,63(6):1282-1288.
[29]Vlaeminck S E,Terada A,Smets B F,et al.Aggregate size and architecture determine microbial activity balance for one-stage partial nitritation and anammox[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2010,76(3):900-909.
[30]Volcke E I P,Picioreanu C,De Baets B,et al.The granule size distribution in an anammox-based granular sludge reactor affects the conversion-implications for modeling[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2012,109(7):1629-1636.
[31]Hill V R,Kahler A M,Jothikumar N,et al.Multistate evaluation of an ultrafiltration-based procedure for simultaneous recovery of enteric microbes in 100-liter tap water samples[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(13):4218-4225.