长白山野生平盖灵芝蛋白质营养价值分析
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摘要
本研究旨在分析长白山野生平盖灵芝蛋白质营养价值。以长白山野生平盖灵芝为原料,测定其蛋白质以及氨基酸含量。采用蛋白质氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)、化学评分(chemical score,CS)、氨基酸比值系数(ratio coefficient of amino acid,RC)、比值系数分(score of RC,SRC)、必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index,EAAI)、营养指数(nutritional indexes,NI)以及生物价(biological value,BV)对其蛋白质营养价值进行综合评价。结果表明:长白山野生平盖灵芝子实体中蛋白质、总氨基酸(total amino acids,TAA)、支链氨基酸(branched chain amino acids,BCAA)、风味氨基酸、必需氨基酸(essential amino acids,EAA)和非必需氨基酸(non-essential amino acids,NEAA)含量分别为12.14%、10.43%、2.16%、5.66%、4.01%和6.43%;EAA/NEAA和EAA/TAA分别为62.33%和38.39%;依据AAS和CS,第一、二限制性氨基酸(limiting amino acid,LAA)分别是甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸、赖氨酸。综上,长白山野生平盖灵重金属含量达到国家标准,蛋白质中氨基酸相对平衡,但在实际生产中应注意添加甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸和赖氨酸。
The purpose of this study was to analyze nutritional value of the protein in Ganoderma applanatum pat grown in Changbai Mountain. The content of protein and amino acid of Ganoderma applanatum Pat grown in Changbai Mountain was determined. Amino acid score(AAS),chemical score(CS)and the ratio coefficient(RC),the ratio coefficient of amino acid(SRC),essential amino acid index(EAAI),nutritional index(NI)and biological value(BV)were used to evaluate the nutritional value of the protein in fruit body of Ganoderma applanatum pat grown in Changbai Mountain. The results showed that the content of lead,arsenic,and mercury were 0.01,0.04 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg,respectively. The concentration of protein,essential amino acid(EAA),non-essential amino acids(NEAA),branched chain amino acids(BCAA),total amino acids(TAA),and flavor amino acids in fruit body of Ganoderma applanatum pat grown in Changbai Mountain were 12.14 %,4.01 %,6.43 %,2.16 %,10.43 % and 5.66 %,respectively. The ratio of EAA to NEAA and EAA to TAA were62.33 % and 38.39 %,respectively. According to AAS and CS,the first and second limiting amino acid(LAA)were methionine plus cystine and lysine. In conclusion,the content of heavy metals in fruit body of Ganoderma applanatum pat grown in Changbai Mountain conformed to the national standard,and the amino acids in the protein were relatively balanced. However,more attentions are to paid on the addition of methionine plus cystine and lysine to Ganoderma applanatum pat in practice.
The purpose of this study was to analyze nutritional value of the protein in Ganoderma applanatum pat grown in Changbai Mountain. The content of protein and amino acid of Ganoderma applanatum Pat grown in Changbai Mountain was determined. Amino acid score(AAS),chemical score(CS)and the ratio coefficient(RC),the ratio coefficient of amino acid(SRC),essential amino acid index(EAAI),nutritional index(NI)and biological value(BV)were used to evaluate the nutritional value of the protein in fruit body of Ganoderma applanatum pat grown in Changbai Mountain. The results showed that the content of lead,arsenic,and mercury were 0.01,0.04 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg,respectively. The concentration of protein,essential amino acid(EAA),non-essential amino acids(NEAA),branched chain amino acids(BCAA),total amino acids(TAA),and flavor amino acids in fruit body of Ganoderma applanatum pat grown in Changbai Mountain were 12.14 %,4.01 %,6.43 %,2.16 %,10.43 % and 5.66 %,respectively. The ratio of EAA to NEAA and EAA to TAA were62.33 % and 38.39 %,respectively. According to AAS and CS,the first and second limiting amino acid(LAA)were methionine plus cystine and lysine. In conclusion,the content of heavy metals in fruit body of Ganoderma applanatum pat grown in Changbai Mountain conformed to the national standard,and the amino acids in the protein were relatively balanced. However,more attentions are to paid on the addition of methionine plus cystine and lysine to Ganoderma applanatum pat in practice.
引文
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[17]黄晨阳,张金霞.食用菌重金属富集研究进展[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(4):7-9
[18]朱圣陶,吴坤.蛋白质营养价值评定-氨基酸比值系数法[J].营养学报,1988(2):187-190
[19]CHAVEROUX Cédric,LAMBERTL-ANGLAIS Sarah,CHERASSE Yoan,et al.Molecular Nechanisms involved in the Adaptation to Amino acid Limitation in Mammals[J].Biochimie,2010,92(7):736-745
[20]田颖,时明慧.赖氨酸生理功能的研究进展[J].美食研究,2014,31(3):60-64
[21]李秀霞,许丽,孙协军.赖氨酸铜对小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(5):535-539
[22]韩炳娟,朱薇薇,韩炳超,等.母鼠高蛋氨酸饮食对子代大鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(33):5876-5879
[2]钟金霞,何顺志.贵州省灵芝资源及其地理分布[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22(12):714-716
[3]LIN Qianqian,ZHAO Shujie,ZHU He,et al.Study on the Extraction Technology of Triterpenoids from Ganoderma applanatum(Pers.)Pat[J].Medicinal Plant,2012,3(11):35-38
[4]马捷琼.平盖灵芝生物活性物质的分离纯化及萃取动力学研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2012
[5]林天慕,颜耀东,王雅君,等.平盖灵芝提取工艺的改进[J].吉林医药学院学报,2000,22(2):78-80
[6]马捷琼,袁博,刘缠民,等.声磁发生器结合响应曲面优化平盖灵芝提取工艺的研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2010,16(11):6-10
[7]林天慕,朱志国,李欣平,等.盖灵芝中锌锰铜铁含量分析[J].广东微量元素科学,1999,6(10):52-55
[8]SASAKI Takuma,ARAI Yoshiko,IKEKAWA Tetsuro,et al.Antitumor Polysaccharides from some Polyporaceae,Ganoderma applanatum(Pers.)Pat and Phellinus linteus(Berk.et Curt)Aoshima[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1971,19(4):821-826
[9]崔伟亮,李慧芬,田景振.平盖灵芝提取物对肺腺癌A549细胞增殖抑制作用研究[J].食品与药品,2013(4):253-255
[10]李慧芬,马艳妮.平盖灵芝提取物对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖抑制实验研究[J].山东中医杂志,2013(11):830-831
[11]NAGARAJ K,MALLIKARJUN N,NAIKA Ramakrishna,et al.Antioxdative Activities of Wild Macro Fungi Ganoderma applanatum(PERS.)Pat[J].Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical&Clinical Research,2014,7(3):166-171
[12]NAGARAJ Karuppiah,MALLIKARJUN Niveditha,NAIKA Ramakrishna,et al.Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Ganoderma applanatum(pers.)Pat.of Shivamogga District-Karnataka,India[J].International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review&Research,2013,23(2):36-40
[13]马捷琼,刘缠民.平盖灵芝富萜类菌丝体培养工艺的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(31):17469-17470
[14]JIN Kwon Ahn,LEE Wi Young,PARK Youngki,et al.Submerged Culture Conditions for the Production of Exo-and Endo-polysaccharides by Ganoderma applanatum(Pers.)Pat[J].International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms,2005,7(3):370-370
[15]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB 5009.5-2016食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016
[16]MALINOWSKA Elzbieta,SZEFER Piotr,FALANDYSZ Jerzy.Metals Bioaccumulation by Bay Bolete,Xerocomus badius,from Selected Sites in Poland[J].Food Chemistry,2004,84(3):405-416
[17]黄晨阳,张金霞.食用菌重金属富集研究进展[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(4):7-9
[18]朱圣陶,吴坤.蛋白质营养价值评定-氨基酸比值系数法[J].营养学报,1988(2):187-190
[19]CHAVEROUX Cédric,LAMBERTL-ANGLAIS Sarah,CHERASSE Yoan,et al.Molecular Nechanisms involved in the Adaptation to Amino acid Limitation in Mammals[J].Biochimie,2010,92(7):736-745
[20]田颖,时明慧.赖氨酸生理功能的研究进展[J].美食研究,2014,31(3):60-64
[21]李秀霞,许丽,孙协军.赖氨酸铜对小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(5):535-539
[22]韩炳娟,朱薇薇,韩炳超,等.母鼠高蛋氨酸饮食对子代大鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(33):5876-5879