恶性疟原虫动物模型及基因编辑研究进展
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摘要
恶性疟原虫是人体疟疾的病原体,恶性疟原虫动物模型是研究人疟原虫感染、慢性致病机制、药物评价和人疟原虫疫苗研制的重要实验材料。迄今为至,恶性疟原虫动物模型研究主要涉及非人灵长类、免疫缺陷小鼠、转基因技术以及CRISPR/Cas9系统等领域。本文对恶性疟原虫体内外感染动物模型及基因编辑研究做总结分析,为今后恶性疟原虫动物模型建立及基因编辑研究提供参考。
Plasmodium falciparum is the pathogen of human malaria. The animal model of plasmodium falciparum is an important experimental tool to study the infection process of plasmodium falciparum,the mechanism of chronic pathogenesis, the evaluation of drugs and the vaccine on plasmodium falciparum.Up to now, the animal model research of plasmodium falciparum mainly involves non-human primates,immuno-deficient mice, transgenic technology and CRISPRR/Cas9 system. In this paper, the animal model of plasmodium falciparum in vitro/vivo infection and gene editing were summarized and analyzed to provide reference for the establishment of animal model and gene editing of plasmodium falciparum in the future.
Plasmodium falciparum is the pathogen of human malaria. The animal model of plasmodium falciparum is an important experimental tool to study the infection process of plasmodium falciparum,the mechanism of chronic pathogenesis, the evaluation of drugs and the vaccine on plasmodium falciparum.Up to now, the animal model research of plasmodium falciparum mainly involves non-human primates,immuno-deficient mice, transgenic technology and CRISPRR/Cas9 system. In this paper, the animal model of plasmodium falciparum in vitro/vivo infection and gene editing were summarized and analyzed to provide reference for the establishment of animal model and gene editing of plasmodium falciparum in the future.
引文
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[4]Geiman QM,Meagher MJ.Susceptibility of a New World monkey to plasmodium falciparum from man[J].Nature,1967,215(5099):437-439.
[5]Trager W,Jensen JB.Human malaria parasites in continuous culture[J].Science,1976,193(4254):673-675.
[6]杨恒林.云南省疟疾防治研究概况[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2001,14(1):54-56.
[7]Fandeur T,Dubois P,Gysin J,et al.In vitro and in vivo studies on protective and inhibitory antibodies against plasmodium falciparum in the saimiri monkey[J].J Immunol,1984,132(1):432-437.
[8]谢苑灵,李娟兰,龙祖培,等.体外培养的恶性疟原虫感染八种动物的观察[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,1987,5(3):238-238.
[9]Ponnudurai T,Meuwissen JH,Leeuwenberg AD,et al.The production of mature gametocytes of plasmodium falciparumin continuous cultures of different isolates infective to mosquitoes[J].Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg,1982,76(2):242-250.
[10]Mesnil F,Roubaud E.Sur la senibilite du chimpanzee au paludisrne humaine[J].C R Acad Sci,1917,165:39-41.
[11]Mesnil F,Roubaud E.Essais d'Inoculation du paludisme au chimpanzee[J].Ann Inst Pasteur,1920,34(7):466-480.
[12]Rodhain J.Susceptibility of the chimpanzee to P.malariae of human origin[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,1948,28(5):629-631.
[13]Bray RS.Studies on malaria in chimpanzees V The sporogonous cycle and mosquito transmission of plasmodium vivax schwetzi[J].J Parasitol,1958,44(1):46-51.
[14]Rodhain J,Jadin J.The transmission of plasmodium falciparum in the splenectomized chimpanzee[J].Ann Soc Belges Med Trop Parasitol Mycol,1964,44:531-535.
[15]Cadigan FC,Iber PK,Chaicumpa V.Plasmodium falciparum in the white handed gibbon:Effect of prolonged infection on serum biochemistry values[J].Proc Helminth Soc Washington,1972,39:28-33.
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[18]Young MD,Porter JA.Johnson CM.Plasmodium vivax transmitted from man to monkey to man[J].Science,1966,153(3739):1006-1007.
[19]Gieman QM,Siddiqui WA,Schnell JV.Biological basis for susceptibility of aotus trivirgatus to species of plasmodia[J].Mil Med,1969,134(10):780-786.
[20]Hickman RL.The use of subhuman primate for experimental studies of human malaria[J].Mil Med,1969,134(10):741-756.
[21]Contaeos PG,Collisns WE.Faleiparum malaria transmissible from monkey to man by mosquito bite[J].Science,1969,165(3896):918-919.
[22]江静波,龙祖培,周洁娴.用换人血方法使恶性疟原虫Plasmodium falciparum在猕猴和熊猴体内转种传代的研究[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,1978,(4):6-16.
[23]Gysin J,Aikawa M,Yourneur N,et al.Experimental plasmodium falciparum cerebral malaria in the squirrel monkey simiri sciureus[J].Exp Parasitol,1992,75(4):390-398.
[24]Tsuji M,Ishihara C,Arai S,et al.Establishment of a SCIDmouse model having circulating human red blood cells and a possible growth of plasmodium falciparum in the mouse[J].Vaccine,1995,13(15):1389-1392.
[25]Moore JM,Kumar N,Shultz LD,et al.Maintenance of the human malarial parasite,plasmodium falciparum,in SCIDmice and transmission of gametocytes to mosquitoes[J].JExp Med,1995,181(6):2265-2270.
[26]Badell E,Oeuvray C,Moreno A,et al.Human malaria in immunocompromised mice:an in vivo model to study defense mechanisms against plasmodium falciparum[J].JExp Med,2000,192(11):1653-1660.
[27]Farnert A,Snounou G,Rooth I,et al.Daily dynamics of plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,1997,56(5):538-547.
[28]Moreno A,Sabater M,Moreno FJ,et al.Experimental infection of immunomodulated NOD LtSz-SCID mice as a new model for plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages[J].Parasitol Res,2005,95(2):97-105.
[29]Goonewardene R,Daily J,Kaslow D,et al.Transfection of the malaria parasites and exporession of firefiy luciferase[J].Proc Nati Acad Sic U S A,1993,90(11):5234-9236.
[30]Wu Y,Sifri CD,Lei HH,et al.Transfection of plasmodium falciparum within human red blood cell[J].Proc Nati Acad Sic U S A,1995,92(4):973-977.
[31]Van Dijk MR,Waters AP,Janse CJ,et al.Stable transfetion of malaria parasite blood stage[J].Science,1995,268(5215):1358-1362.
[32]Waters AP,Thomas AW,Van Dijk MR,et al.Transfection of malaria parasites[J].Methods,1997,13(2):134-147.
[33]Ménard R,Janse CJ.Gene targeting in malaria parasites.Methods[J],1997,13(2):148-157.
[34]Gardner MJ,Hall N,Fung E,et al.Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum[J].Nature,2002,419(6906):498-511.
[35]Crabb BS.Transfection technology and the study of drug resistance in the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum[J].Drug Resist Update,2002,5(3-4):126-130.
[36]Horrocks P,Dechering K,Lanzer M.Control of gene expression in plasmodium falciparum[J].Mol Biochem Parasitol,1998,95(2):171-181.
[37]Fidock DA,Nomura T,Cooper RA,et al.Allelic modifications of the cg2 and cgl genes do not alter the chloroquine response of drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum[J].Mol Biochem Parasitol,2000,110(1):1-10.
[38]Sultan AA,Thathy V,Frevert U,et al.TRAP is necessary far gliding motility and infectivity of plasmodium sporozoites[J].Cell,1997,90(3):511-522.
[39]Crabb BS,Cooke BM,Reeder JC,et al.Targeted gene disruption show that knobs enable malaria-infected red cells to cytoadhere under physiological shear stress[J].Cell,1997,89(2):287-296.
[40]Triglia T,Healer J,Caruana SR,et al.Apical membrane antigen 1 plays a central role in erythrocyte in vasion by plasmodium species[J].Mol Microbiol,2000,38(4):706-718.
[41]Baldi DL,Andrews KT,Waller RF,et al.RAP1 controls rhoptry targeting of RAP2 in the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum[J].EMBO J,2000,19(11):2435-2443.
[42]Jansen R,Embden J,Gaastra W,et al.Identification of genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes[J].Molecular Microbiology,2002,43(6):1565-1575.
[43]Sollelis L,Ghorbal M,Mac Pherson CR,et al.First efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing in leishmania parasites[J].Cell Microbiol,2015,17(10):1405-1412.
[44]Zhang WW,Matlashewski G.CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing in leishmania donovani[J].MBio,2015,6(4):e00861-15.
[45]Wagner JC,Platt RJ,Goldfless SJ,et al.Efficient crisprcas9-mediated genome editing in plasmodium falciparum[J].Nature Methods,2014,11(9):915-918.
[46]Kuang DX,Qiao JC,Zhou L,et al.Tag-in to endogenous genes of plasmodium falciparum using CRISPR/Cas9[J].Parasit Vectors,2017,10(1):595-602.
[47]Ariey F,Witkowski B,Amaratunga C,et al.A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria[J].Nature,2014,505(7481):50-55.
[48]Ghorbal M,Gorman M,Macpherson CR,et al.Genome editing in the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum using the CRISPR-Cas9 system[J].Nat Biotechnol,2014,32(8):819-821.
[49]Ng CL,Siciliano G,Lee MC,et al.CRISPR-Cas9-modified pfmdr1 protects plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages and gametocytes against a class of piperazine-containing compounds but potentiates artemisinin-based combination therapy partner drugs[J].Mol Microbiol,2016,101(3):381-393.
[2]WHO.World Malaria Report 2015[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2015.
[3]Trager W,Jensen JB.Some recent advances in the cultivation of plasmodium falciparum[J].Isr J Med Sci,1978,14(5):563-570.
[4]Geiman QM,Meagher MJ.Susceptibility of a New World monkey to plasmodium falciparum from man[J].Nature,1967,215(5099):437-439.
[5]Trager W,Jensen JB.Human malaria parasites in continuous culture[J].Science,1976,193(4254):673-675.
[6]杨恒林.云南省疟疾防治研究概况[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2001,14(1):54-56.
[7]Fandeur T,Dubois P,Gysin J,et al.In vitro and in vivo studies on protective and inhibitory antibodies against plasmodium falciparum in the saimiri monkey[J].J Immunol,1984,132(1):432-437.
[8]谢苑灵,李娟兰,龙祖培,等.体外培养的恶性疟原虫感染八种动物的观察[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,1987,5(3):238-238.
[9]Ponnudurai T,Meuwissen JH,Leeuwenberg AD,et al.The production of mature gametocytes of plasmodium falciparumin continuous cultures of different isolates infective to mosquitoes[J].Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg,1982,76(2):242-250.
[10]Mesnil F,Roubaud E.Sur la senibilite du chimpanzee au paludisrne humaine[J].C R Acad Sci,1917,165:39-41.
[11]Mesnil F,Roubaud E.Essais d'Inoculation du paludisme au chimpanzee[J].Ann Inst Pasteur,1920,34(7):466-480.
[12]Rodhain J.Susceptibility of the chimpanzee to P.malariae of human origin[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,1948,28(5):629-631.
[13]Bray RS.Studies on malaria in chimpanzees V The sporogonous cycle and mosquito transmission of plasmodium vivax schwetzi[J].J Parasitol,1958,44(1):46-51.
[14]Rodhain J,Jadin J.The transmission of plasmodium falciparum in the splenectomized chimpanzee[J].Ann Soc Belges Med Trop Parasitol Mycol,1964,44:531-535.
[15]Cadigan FC,Iber PK,Chaicumpa V.Plasmodium falciparum in the white handed gibbon:Effect of prolonged infection on serum biochemistry values[J].Proc Helminth Soc Washington,1972,39:28-33.
[16]Ward RA,Morris JH,Gould DJ,et al.Susceptibility of the gibbon hylobateslar to falciparum malaria[J].Science,1965,150(3703):1604-1605.
[17]Taliaferro WH,Taliaferro IG.The transmission of plasmodium falciparum to the Howlor monkey,Alouattasp.I.Generalnature of infection and morphology of the parasites[J].Amer J Hyg,1934,19(2):318-334.
[18]Young MD,Porter JA.Johnson CM.Plasmodium vivax transmitted from man to monkey to man[J].Science,1966,153(3739):1006-1007.
[19]Gieman QM,Siddiqui WA,Schnell JV.Biological basis for susceptibility of aotus trivirgatus to species of plasmodia[J].Mil Med,1969,134(10):780-786.
[20]Hickman RL.The use of subhuman primate for experimental studies of human malaria[J].Mil Med,1969,134(10):741-756.
[21]Contaeos PG,Collisns WE.Faleiparum malaria transmissible from monkey to man by mosquito bite[J].Science,1969,165(3896):918-919.
[22]江静波,龙祖培,周洁娴.用换人血方法使恶性疟原虫Plasmodium falciparum在猕猴和熊猴体内转种传代的研究[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,1978,(4):6-16.
[23]Gysin J,Aikawa M,Yourneur N,et al.Experimental plasmodium falciparum cerebral malaria in the squirrel monkey simiri sciureus[J].Exp Parasitol,1992,75(4):390-398.
[24]Tsuji M,Ishihara C,Arai S,et al.Establishment of a SCIDmouse model having circulating human red blood cells and a possible growth of plasmodium falciparum in the mouse[J].Vaccine,1995,13(15):1389-1392.
[25]Moore JM,Kumar N,Shultz LD,et al.Maintenance of the human malarial parasite,plasmodium falciparum,in SCIDmice and transmission of gametocytes to mosquitoes[J].JExp Med,1995,181(6):2265-2270.
[26]Badell E,Oeuvray C,Moreno A,et al.Human malaria in immunocompromised mice:an in vivo model to study defense mechanisms against plasmodium falciparum[J].JExp Med,2000,192(11):1653-1660.
[27]Farnert A,Snounou G,Rooth I,et al.Daily dynamics of plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,1997,56(5):538-547.
[28]Moreno A,Sabater M,Moreno FJ,et al.Experimental infection of immunomodulated NOD LtSz-SCID mice as a new model for plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages[J].Parasitol Res,2005,95(2):97-105.
[29]Goonewardene R,Daily J,Kaslow D,et al.Transfection of the malaria parasites and exporession of firefiy luciferase[J].Proc Nati Acad Sic U S A,1993,90(11):5234-9236.
[30]Wu Y,Sifri CD,Lei HH,et al.Transfection of plasmodium falciparum within human red blood cell[J].Proc Nati Acad Sic U S A,1995,92(4):973-977.
[31]Van Dijk MR,Waters AP,Janse CJ,et al.Stable transfetion of malaria parasite blood stage[J].Science,1995,268(5215):1358-1362.
[32]Waters AP,Thomas AW,Van Dijk MR,et al.Transfection of malaria parasites[J].Methods,1997,13(2):134-147.
[33]Ménard R,Janse CJ.Gene targeting in malaria parasites.Methods[J],1997,13(2):148-157.
[34]Gardner MJ,Hall N,Fung E,et al.Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum[J].Nature,2002,419(6906):498-511.
[35]Crabb BS.Transfection technology and the study of drug resistance in the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum[J].Drug Resist Update,2002,5(3-4):126-130.
[36]Horrocks P,Dechering K,Lanzer M.Control of gene expression in plasmodium falciparum[J].Mol Biochem Parasitol,1998,95(2):171-181.
[37]Fidock DA,Nomura T,Cooper RA,et al.Allelic modifications of the cg2 and cgl genes do not alter the chloroquine response of drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum[J].Mol Biochem Parasitol,2000,110(1):1-10.
[38]Sultan AA,Thathy V,Frevert U,et al.TRAP is necessary far gliding motility and infectivity of plasmodium sporozoites[J].Cell,1997,90(3):511-522.
[39]Crabb BS,Cooke BM,Reeder JC,et al.Targeted gene disruption show that knobs enable malaria-infected red cells to cytoadhere under physiological shear stress[J].Cell,1997,89(2):287-296.
[40]Triglia T,Healer J,Caruana SR,et al.Apical membrane antigen 1 plays a central role in erythrocyte in vasion by plasmodium species[J].Mol Microbiol,2000,38(4):706-718.
[41]Baldi DL,Andrews KT,Waller RF,et al.RAP1 controls rhoptry targeting of RAP2 in the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum[J].EMBO J,2000,19(11):2435-2443.
[42]Jansen R,Embden J,Gaastra W,et al.Identification of genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes[J].Molecular Microbiology,2002,43(6):1565-1575.
[43]Sollelis L,Ghorbal M,Mac Pherson CR,et al.First efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing in leishmania parasites[J].Cell Microbiol,2015,17(10):1405-1412.
[44]Zhang WW,Matlashewski G.CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing in leishmania donovani[J].MBio,2015,6(4):e00861-15.
[45]Wagner JC,Platt RJ,Goldfless SJ,et al.Efficient crisprcas9-mediated genome editing in plasmodium falciparum[J].Nature Methods,2014,11(9):915-918.
[46]Kuang DX,Qiao JC,Zhou L,et al.Tag-in to endogenous genes of plasmodium falciparum using CRISPR/Cas9[J].Parasit Vectors,2017,10(1):595-602.
[47]Ariey F,Witkowski B,Amaratunga C,et al.A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria[J].Nature,2014,505(7481):50-55.
[48]Ghorbal M,Gorman M,Macpherson CR,et al.Genome editing in the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum using the CRISPR-Cas9 system[J].Nat Biotechnol,2014,32(8):819-821.
[49]Ng CL,Siciliano G,Lee MC,et al.CRISPR-Cas9-modified pfmdr1 protects plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages and gametocytes against a class of piperazine-containing compounds but potentiates artemisinin-based combination therapy partner drugs[J].Mol Microbiol,2016,101(3):381-393.