牛心朴子生境及其饲用成分分析
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摘要
以毛乌素沙地耐旱草本植物牛心朴子为研究对象,调查其生境概况,爬取该区域的气象数据,并采用国标规定的饲料常规成分分析方法,对其常规饲用营养成分进行了测定分析。结果表明:样方区的天气多以晴、阴为主,但降雨、降雪较少;生境土壤有机质含量不足0.6%,其它养分含量更低。植被组成类型以菊科、豆科、禾本科、萝藦科为主,且分布较为均衡。牛心朴子多度与频度很低,但单株重量较大。牛心朴子根、茎叶、种子中均检出17种氨基酸,在根、茎叶、种子中Pro、Glu、和Asp含量都较高。此外,根中的Lys和Va比较高,茎叶中的Leu和Lys比较高,种子中的Leu和Arg含量比较高。种子中的总氨基酸质量分数比根与茎叶器官高30%～40%。牛心朴子茎叶中铁的含量达13.1 mg/100 g,常见元素含量由高到低依次为铁>钙>镁>锌>钾>铜。粗纤维含量为33.1%,粗蛋白含量为12.77%,粗脂肪3.16%。含量由高到低依次为粗纤维>无氮浸出物>粗蛋白>水分>粗灰分>粗脂肪>磷。牛心朴子全株含有丰富的氨基酸和高含量的铁以及粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪。试验结果可为如何用作饲草开发及利用提供一定的科学依据。
In this paper, taking Cynanchum KomaroviiAl. Iljinski in south margin of Maowusu Desert sandy land as the research object, the habitat plant population types were investigated, crawling weather data for the area and the feeding nutrient components were determined and analyzed by using the feed routine component analysis method stipulated by the national standard. The results showed that the weather in the sample area was mostly sunny and cloudy, but the rainfall and snowfall were less. The soil organic matter content in Cynanchum KomaroviiAl. Iljinski habitat was less than 0.6%, and other nutrient contents were lower. Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae were the dominant species in the habitats, and the distribution was relatively balanced. The Cynanchum KomaroviiAl.Iljinski abundance and frequency were very low, but the weight per plant was large. There were 17 kinds of amino acid in the roots, stems and leaves, seeds of the Cynanchum KomaroviiAl. Iljinski. The contents of Pro, Glu and Asp in root, stem and seed were higher. In addition, contents of Lys and Val were also higher in roots, contents of Leu and Lys were higher in stems and leaves, and contents of Leu and Arg contents were higher in seeds. The total amino acid in the seed is 30% to 40% higher than the other organs. The content of iron in the stem and leaf is 13.1 mg/100 g, the contents of common elements from high to low. Crude fiber content is 33.1%, crude protein content is 12.77%, ether extract content is 3.16%. Content from high to low order of the sequence is crude fiber > no nitrogen leaching > crude protein > moisture crude ash > crude fat > P. Whole Cynanchum KomaroviiAl. Iljinski strains has high content of iron,crude fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and it riches in amino acid composition.
In this paper, taking Cynanchum KomaroviiAl. Iljinski in south margin of Maowusu Desert sandy land as the research object, the habitat plant population types were investigated, crawling weather data for the area and the feeding nutrient components were determined and analyzed by using the feed routine component analysis method stipulated by the national standard. The results showed that the weather in the sample area was mostly sunny and cloudy, but the rainfall and snowfall were less. The soil organic matter content in Cynanchum KomaroviiAl. Iljinski habitat was less than 0.6%, and other nutrient contents were lower. Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae were the dominant species in the habitats, and the distribution was relatively balanced. The Cynanchum KomaroviiAl.Iljinski abundance and frequency were very low, but the weight per plant was large. There were 17 kinds of amino acid in the roots, stems and leaves, seeds of the Cynanchum KomaroviiAl. Iljinski. The contents of Pro, Glu and Asp in root, stem and seed were higher. In addition, contents of Lys and Val were also higher in roots, contents of Leu and Lys were higher in stems and leaves, and contents of Leu and Arg contents were higher in seeds. The total amino acid in the seed is 30% to 40% higher than the other organs. The content of iron in the stem and leaf is 13.1 mg/100 g, the contents of common elements from high to low. Crude fiber content is 33.1%, crude protein content is 12.77%, ether extract content is 3.16%. Content from high to low order of the sequence is crude fiber > no nitrogen leaching > crude protein > moisture crude ash > crude fat > P. Whole Cynanchum KomaroviiAl. Iljinski strains has high content of iron,crude fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and it riches in amino acid composition.
引文
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[14]崔耀明,董晓芳,佟建明,等.山西老陈醋醋糟营养成分分析[J].饲料工业,2015,36(1):24-29.
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[17]潘春方,李洋,张幸怡,等.湿玉米纤维饲料的营养价值评定[J].饲料工业,2017,38(9):20-26.
[2]贝盏临,张欣,曹君迈,等.牛心朴子细胞学特性的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(6):352-354.
[3]贝盏临,张欣,曹君迈,等.毛乌素沙地牛心朴子种子中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析[J].种子,2011,30(6):24-26.
[4]刘玉平,慈龙骏.毛乌素沙地草场荒漠化评价的指标体系[J].中国沙漠,1998,18(4):366-371.
[5]贝盏临,张欣,曹君迈,等.牛心朴子种子生态适应特征的研究[J].种子,2011,30(10):67-69.
[6]刘爱萍,陈光.野生植物牛心朴子的开发利用[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2005(16):62-63.
[7]中国科学院北京植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴(3)[M].北京:科学出版社,1974:20-21.
[8]杨卫东,郝银菊.老瓜头生物总碱镇痛、抗炎作用的实验研究[J].宁夏医学院学报,2005,27(3):191-193.
[9]方圣鼎,张瑞,陈女燕,等.老瓜头中的化学成分[J].植物学报,1989,31(12):934-938.
[10]张瑞,方圣鼎,陈女燕,等.老瓜头中的化学成分(续)[J].植物学报,1991,33(11):870-875.
[11]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[12]王平.饲料质量检测指导[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2003.
[13]任雅萍,郭俏,来航线,等.氮素及混菌发酵对苹果渣发酵饲料纯蛋白含量和氨基酸组成的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(1):58-61.
[14]崔耀明,董晓芳,佟建明,等.山西老陈醋醋糟营养成分分析[J].饲料工业,2015,36(1):24-29.
[15]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2003:46-75.
[16]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007:80-81,145-147.
[17]潘春方,李洋,张幸怡,等.湿玉米纤维饲料的营养价值评定[J].饲料工业,2017,38(9):20-26.