微生物有机肥对樱桃园土壤细菌群落的影响
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摘要
采用田间试验,探究微生物有机肥对樱桃园土壤细菌群落的影响.利用高通量测序和实时定量PCR技术,研究不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CN)和施微生物有机肥(CB)处理土壤细菌数量、多样性和群落结构的变化.结果表明,施微生物有机肥显著提高了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷含量.结合16SrRNA基因拷贝数和α-多样性指数结果,发现施微生物有机肥能提高细菌数量,且提高细菌多样性和丰富度.不同施肥处理显著改变了细菌群落结构.门水平上,变形菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、芽单胞菌门、放线菌门为优势类群,共占细菌总量的74.3%～85.1%.目水平上, CB处理中Acidobacteria_Gp4和Gp6相对丰度显著低于CK处理,而Acidobacteria_Gp7较CK处理增加了75.4%.冗余分析结果表明,环境因子解释了细菌群落变化的92.3%,土壤有机质、全氮含量和pH值是造成樱桃园土壤细菌群落结构差异的主要原因.因此,施用微生物有机肥能显著提高土壤养分含量、土壤细菌数量及群落多样性,对于培肥地力极为重要.
Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the diversity of the bacterial community in a cherry orchard. High-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine the bacterial abundance, diversity, and composition under different no fertilizer(CK), conventional fertilizer(CN), bio-organic fertilizer(CB). The results showed that CB significantly increased the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, and available phosphorus. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers and α diversity indexes showed that CB increased the number, diversity, and richness of bacteria. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the different fertilizer treatments significantly changed the bacterial community structure. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Actinobacteria were the predominant phyla, accounting for 77.22%～86.28% of the total reads. CB significantly decreased the abundances of Acidobacteria_Gp4and Gp6compared with CK, whereas Acidobacteria_Gp7exhibited the opposite trend with an increase of 75.4% compared with CK. Redundancy analysis showed that environmental factors explained 92.3% of bacterial community changes. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, and pH were the main factors related to the variations in the bacterial community in cherry orchards. Therefore, bio-organic fertilizer could significantly increase soil nutrient content, quantity of soil bacteria, and bacterial community diversity, which was important for improving soil fertility.
Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the diversity of the bacterial community in a cherry orchard. High-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine the bacterial abundance, diversity, and composition under different no fertilizer(CK), conventional fertilizer(CN), bio-organic fertilizer(CB). The results showed that CB significantly increased the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, and available phosphorus. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers and α diversity indexes showed that CB increased the number, diversity, and richness of bacteria. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the different fertilizer treatments significantly changed the bacterial community structure. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Actinobacteria were the predominant phyla, accounting for 77.22%～86.28% of the total reads. CB significantly decreased the abundances of Acidobacteria_Gp4and Gp6compared with CK, whereas Acidobacteria_Gp7exhibited the opposite trend with an increase of 75.4% compared with CK. Redundancy analysis showed that environmental factors explained 92.3% of bacterial community changes. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, and pH were the main factors related to the variations in the bacterial community in cherry orchards. Therefore, bio-organic fertilizer could significantly increase soil nutrient content, quantity of soil bacteria, and bacterial community diversity, which was important for improving soil fertility.
引文
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[2]袁红朝,秦红灵,刘守龙,等.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土细菌群落结构和数量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(22):4610-4617.Yuan H C,Qin H L,Liu S L,et al.Response of Abundance and Composition of the Bacterial Community to Long-term Fertilization in Paddy Soils[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,2011,44(22):4610-4617.
[3]Berthrong S T,Buckley D H,Drinkwater L E.Agricultural management and labile carbon additions affect soil microbial community structure and interact with carbon and nitrogen cycling[J].Microbial Ecology.2013,66(1):158-170.
[4]乔洁,毕利东,张卫建,等.长期施用化肥对红壤性水稻土中微生物生物量、活性及群落结构的影响[J].土壤,2007,39(5):772-776.Qiao J,Bi L D,Zhang W J,et al.Effects of Long-Term Chemical Fertilization on Soil Microbial Biomass,Activity and Community in Paddy Soil in Red Soil Region of China[J].Soils,2007,39(5):772-776.
[5]Dan W,Qian Y,Zhang J Z,et al.Bacterial community structure and diversity in a black soil as affected by long-term fertilization[J].Pedosphere.2008,18(5):582-592.
[6]杨兴明,徐阳春,黄启为,等.有机(类)肥料与农业可持续发展和生态环境保护[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):925-932.Yang X M,Xu Y C,Huang Q W,et al.Organic fertilizers and agricultural sustainable development and ecological and environmental protection[J]Acta Pedologica Sinica.2008,45(5):925-932.
[7]Liu L,Li T,Wei X,et al.Effects of a nutrient additive on the density of functional bacteria and the microbial community structure of bioorganic fertilizer[J].Bioresource Technology.2014,172(172):328-334.
[8]陈晓芬,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳、氮分布和微生物生物量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):950-960.Chen X F,Li Z P,Liu M,et al.Effect of Different Fertilizations on Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in Water-Stable Aggregates and Microbial Biomass Content in Paddy Soil of Subtrobial China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(5):950-960.
[9]王丽丽,石俊雄,袁赛飞,等.微生物有机肥结合土壤改良剂防治烟草青枯病[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):150-156.Wang L L,Shi J X,Yuan S F,et al.Control of tobacco bacterial wilt with bio manure plus soil amendments[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(1):150-156.
[10]袁英英,李敏清,胡伟,等.生物有机肥对番茄青枯病的防效及对土壤微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(7):1344-1350.Yuan Y Y,Li M Q,Hu W,et al.Effect of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Soil Microorganism[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(7):1344-1350.
[11]刘方春,邢尚军,马海林,等.持续干旱对樱桃根际土壤细菌数量及结构多样性影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):642-649.Liu F C,Xing S J,Ma H L,et al.Effects of continuous drought on soil bacteria populations and community diversity in sweet cherry rhizosphere[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(3):642-649.
[12]王伟华,刘毅,唐海明,等.长期施肥对稻田土壤微生物量、群落结构和活性的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):430-437.Wang W H,Liu Y,Tang H M,et al.Effects of Long-term Fertilization regimes on Microbial Biomass,Community Structure and Activity in a Paddy Soil[J].Environment Science.2018,39(1):430-437.
[13]Shokralla S,Spall J L,Gibson J F,et al.Next-generation sequencing technologies for environmental DNA research[J].Molecular Ecology.2012,21(8):1794-1805.
[14]杨亚东,王志敏,曾昭海.长期施肥和灌溉对土壤细菌数量、多样性和群落结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(2):290-301.Yang Y D,Wang Z M,Ceng Z H.Effects of Long-Term Different Fertilization and Irrigation Managements on Soil Bacterial Abundance,Diversity and Composition[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(2):290-301.
[15]朱金山,张慧,马连杰,等.不同沼灌年限稻田土壤微生物群落分析[J].环境科学,2018,(5):2400-2411.ZHU J S,ZHANG H,MA L J,et al.Diversity of the Microbial Community in Rice Paddy Soil with Biogas Slurry Irrigation Analyzed by Illumina Sequencing Technology[J].Environmental Science,2018,(5).
[16]Mchugh T A,Schwartz E.Changes in plant community composition and reduced precipitation have limited effects on the structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities present in a semiarid grassland[J].Plant and Soil,2015,388(1/2):175-186.
[17]Aminov R I,Chee-Sanford J C,Garrigues N,et al.Development,validation,and application of PCR primers for detection of tetracycline efflux genes of gram-negative bacteria[J].Appl Environ Microbiol.,2002,68(4):1786-1793.
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[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-108.Bao S D.Soil agrochemical analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:25-108.
[20]郑涵,田昕竹,王学东,等.锌胁迫对土壤中微生物群落变化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1458-1465.Zheng H,Tian X Z,Wang X D,Effects of Zn pollution on soil microbial community in field soils and its main influence factors[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1458-1465.
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[22]Sturz A V,Christie B R.Beneficial microbial allelopathies in the root zone:the management of soil quality and plant disease with rhizobacteria[J].Soil Tillage Research,2003,72(2):107-123.
[23]王慧颖,徐明岗,周宝库,等.黑土细菌及真菌群落对长期施肥响应的差异及其驱动因素[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(5):914-925.Wang H Y,Xu M G,Zhou B K,et al.Response and Driving Factors of Bacterial and Fungal Community to Long-Term Fertilization in Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(5):914-925.
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