不同施肥处理下工矿复垦区大豆根际效应分析
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摘要
为了研究工矿复垦区不同施肥处理下的大豆根际效应,采用土壤农化分析法、微生物平板培养法和土壤酶活性测定方法对不同生育期不同施肥处理下大豆根际和非根际土壤中的养分、微生物区系、酶活性指标进行了测定和分析。结果表明:在大豆不同生育期,不同施肥处理下根际对全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾、水解性氮的富集均具有正向效应,且施肥处理下大豆根际效应强于对照处理;在苗期与开花期,有机无机配施处理与CK处理间根际各种养分富集率差异均显著;在鼓粒期与成熟期,有机无机配施处理与CK处理间根际全氮、有机质、速效钾富集率差异显著。在大豆不同生育期不同施肥处理下根际酶活性、根际微生物数量均高于非根际,且有机无机配施肥处理与CK处理间根际效应差异显著;过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶根际效应均与土壤有机质富集率显著相关,碱性磷酸酶与水解性氮和速效钾显著相关;细菌根际效应与全氮、有机质富集率显著相关,放线菌根际效应与全氮、有效磷富集率显著相关,而真菌与养分富集率相关性较差。总体来看,在该工矿复垦区大豆不同生育期有机无机配施处理下根际效应较强。
In order to study the rhizosphere effect of soybean under different fertilization treatments in industrial and mining reclamation areas,the nutrients,microflora and enzyme activity indexes of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were measured respectively by soil agrochemical analysis,microorganism plate culture and soil enzyme activity determination method. The results showed that the rhizosphere had positive effects on the enrichment of total nitrogen,organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium and hydrolyzable nitrogen under different fertilization treatments at the soybean growth stage,and the rhizosphere effect of soybean under different fertilization treatments was stronger than that under control. There were significant differences in the enrichment rates of nutrients between organic-inorganic fertilizer treatment and CK during seedling and flowering period. And there were significant differences in total nitrogen,organic matter and available potassium concentration between the combined mature and inorganic fertilizer treatment and CK during the seed-filling and mature period. Rhizosphere enzyme activity and microorganism quantity were higher than those of non-rhizosphere,and organic-inorganic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of control at the soybean growth stage. The rhizosphere effects of catalase,urease,and sucrose were significantly related to soil organic matter concentration rate,and alkaline phosphatase was significantly related to hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium. Bacterial rhizosphere effect was significantly correlated with total nitrogen and organic matter enrichment rate,actinomycorrhizal rhizosphere effect was significantly correlated with total nitrogen and available phosphorus enrichment rate. Generally speaking,the rhizosphere effect under organic and inorganic fertilization at different growth stages of soybean in industrial and mining reclamation area was stronger.
In order to study the rhizosphere effect of soybean under different fertilization treatments in industrial and mining reclamation areas,the nutrients,microflora and enzyme activity indexes of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were measured respectively by soil agrochemical analysis,microorganism plate culture and soil enzyme activity determination method. The results showed that the rhizosphere had positive effects on the enrichment of total nitrogen,organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium and hydrolyzable nitrogen under different fertilization treatments at the soybean growth stage,and the rhizosphere effect of soybean under different fertilization treatments was stronger than that under control. There were significant differences in the enrichment rates of nutrients between organic-inorganic fertilizer treatment and CK during seedling and flowering period. And there were significant differences in total nitrogen,organic matter and available potassium concentration between the combined mature and inorganic fertilizer treatment and CK during the seed-filling and mature period. Rhizosphere enzyme activity and microorganism quantity were higher than those of non-rhizosphere,and organic-inorganic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of control at the soybean growth stage. The rhizosphere effects of catalase,urease,and sucrose were significantly related to soil organic matter concentration rate,and alkaline phosphatase was significantly related to hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium. Bacterial rhizosphere effect was significantly correlated with total nitrogen and organic matter enrichment rate,actinomycorrhizal rhizosphere effect was significantly correlated with total nitrogen and available phosphorus enrichment rate. Generally speaking,the rhizosphere effect under organic and inorganic fertilization at different growth stages of soybean in industrial and mining reclamation area was stronger.
引文
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[3] Houston K,Thomas A B,Jason L H,et al. Policy guidance for identifying and effectively managing perpetual environmental impacts from new hardrock mines[J]. Environmental Science&Policy,2010,13(6):558-566.
[4]杨慧荣.不同修复措施对土壤团聚体形成及稳定的影响[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2014.(Yang H R. Effect on soil aggregate formation and stability with different restoration measures[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2014.)
[5]樊文华,白中科,李慧峰,等.不同复垦模式及复垦年限对土壤微生物的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):330-337.(Fan W H,Bai Z K,Li H F,et al. Effects of different vegetation restoration patterns and reclamation years on microbes in reclaimed soil[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(2):330-337.)
[6]花东来,陈奇凌,李铭,等.不同施肥处理对灰枣根际微生物的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(7):1277-1283.(Hua D L,Chen Q L,Li M,et al. Effects of different fertilization treatments on the Hui Jujube rhizosphere microorganisms[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014,51(7):1277-1283.)
[7]孙传伯,高健,杨有兰,等.菜用大豆根际土壤微生物生态群落变化多样性研究[J].园艺与种苗,2013(11):35-37.(Sun C B,Gao J,Yang Y L,et al. Study on the soybean dynamic variation of ecologic community in green soybean rhizosphere[J]. Horticulture&Seed,2013(11):35-37.)
[8] Lynch J M,Whipps J M. Substrate flow in the rhizosphere[J].Plant Soil,1990,129:1-10.
[9]杜明新,张丽静,梁坤伦,等.高寒沙化草地不同灌木根际与非根际土壤氮素、有机碳含量特征[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(4):18-24.(Du M X,Zhang L J,Liang K L,et al. Characteristics of nitrogen and organic carbon content in rhizosphere and bulk soil under different shrubs in the Alpine Sandy Grassland[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2011,33(4):18-24.)
[10]胡静,侯向阳,王珍,等.割草和放牧对大针茅根际与非根际土壤养分和微生物数量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3482-3488.(Hu J,Hou X Y,Wang Z,et al. Effects of mowing and grazing on soil nutrients and soil microbes in rhizosphere and bulk soil of Stipa grandis in a typical steppe[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(11):3482-3488.)
[11]杨刚,孙万仓,王丽萍,等.北方旱寒区冬油菜不同后茬作物根际与非根际土壤肥力研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):55-62.(Yang G,Sun W C,Wang L P,et al. Study on rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil fertilities of different crops after harvest of winter rape in the north dry-cold area[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(3):55-62.)
[12]杨期和,刘惠娜,李清华,等.粤东铅锌尾矿区3种优势植物根际土壤微生物的活性研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(30):56-64.(Yang Q H,Liu H N,Li Q H,et al. Study on the microbial activity of rhizosphere soil for three dominant plant in Pb. Zn wasteland in Eastern Guangdong province[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(30):56-64.)
[13]滕应,黄昌勇,龙健等.复垦红壤中牧草根际微生物群落功能多样性[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(3):295-299.(Teng Y,Huang,C Y,Long J,et al. Functional diversity of microbial community in herbage rhizosphere of reclaimed red soils[J]. China Environmental Science,2003,23(3):295-299.)
[14]谷岩,邱强,王振民,等.连作大豆根际微生物群落结构及土壤酶活性[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(9):3955-3964.(Gu Y,Qiu Q,Wang Z M,et al. Effects of soybean continuous cropping on microbial and soil enzymes in soybean rhizosphere[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(9):3955-3964.)
[15]谷岩,吴春胜,王振民,等.不同施肥处理对大豆根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(6):1008-1012.(Gu Y,Wu C S,Wang Z M,et al. Effect of different fertilizer treatment on soil microorganism and enzyme activities in soybean[J]. Soybean Science,2010,29(6):1008-1012.)
[16]孟庆英,于忠和,贾绘彬,等.不同施肥处理对大豆根际土壤微生物及土壤肥力影响[J].大豆科学,2011,30(3):471-475.(Meng Q Y,Yu Z H,Jia H B,et al. Effects of different fertilizer treatment on rhizosphere soil microoganisms and fertility of soybean[J]. Soybean Science,2011,30(3):471-475.)
[17]张红骥,孙彬,裴占江,等.有机无机复混肥对大豆根际微生物区系及幼苗生长的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(6):1016-1019.(Zhang H J,Sun B,Pei Z J,et al. Effects of organic and inorganic compound fertilizers on soybean rizosphere microorganism and seedling growth[J]. Soybean Science,2010,29(6):1016-1019.)
[18] Riley D,Barber S A. Bicarbonate accumulation and p H changes at the soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.] root-soil interface[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(6):905-908.
[19]关松荫,张德生,张志明.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.(Guan S Y,Zhang D S,Zhang Z M. Soil enzymes and research methods[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1986.)
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.(Bao S D. Soil analysis in agricultural chemistry[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.)
[21]侯颖.采煤塌陷复垦初期土壤微生物及根际效应研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(15):72-76.(Hou Y. Soil microorganism and rhizospheric effect in early stage of reclamation in core-mining subsidence area[J]. Guang Dong Agriculture Science,2013,40(15):72-76.)
[22]胡亚林,汪思龙,颜绍.影响土壤微生物活性和群落结构因素研究[J].土壤通报,2006,27(1):170-176.(Hu Y L,Wang S L,Yan S. Research advances on the factors influencing the activity and community structure of soil microorganism[J]. China Journal of Soil Science,2006,27(1):170-176.)
[23]方改霞.矿区与非矿区艾蒿根部微生物数量比较研究[J].广东农业科学,2009,36(5):155-158.(Fang G X. Study on the number of micro-organisms at root of mugwort in soil in mining and non-mining area[J]. Guangdong Agriculture Science,2009,36(5):155-158.)
[2]李玲.高潜水位平原区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤特征与分类研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2011.(Li L. Characteristies and classification of reclamated soil in coal-mining subsidence areas with high groundwater[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2011.)
[3] Houston K,Thomas A B,Jason L H,et al. Policy guidance for identifying and effectively managing perpetual environmental impacts from new hardrock mines[J]. Environmental Science&Policy,2010,13(6):558-566.
[4]杨慧荣.不同修复措施对土壤团聚体形成及稳定的影响[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2014.(Yang H R. Effect on soil aggregate formation and stability with different restoration measures[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2014.)
[5]樊文华,白中科,李慧峰,等.不同复垦模式及复垦年限对土壤微生物的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):330-337.(Fan W H,Bai Z K,Li H F,et al. Effects of different vegetation restoration patterns and reclamation years on microbes in reclaimed soil[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(2):330-337.)
[6]花东来,陈奇凌,李铭,等.不同施肥处理对灰枣根际微生物的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(7):1277-1283.(Hua D L,Chen Q L,Li M,et al. Effects of different fertilization treatments on the Hui Jujube rhizosphere microorganisms[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014,51(7):1277-1283.)
[7]孙传伯,高健,杨有兰,等.菜用大豆根际土壤微生物生态群落变化多样性研究[J].园艺与种苗,2013(11):35-37.(Sun C B,Gao J,Yang Y L,et al. Study on the soybean dynamic variation of ecologic community in green soybean rhizosphere[J]. Horticulture&Seed,2013(11):35-37.)
[8] Lynch J M,Whipps J M. Substrate flow in the rhizosphere[J].Plant Soil,1990,129:1-10.
[9]杜明新,张丽静,梁坤伦,等.高寒沙化草地不同灌木根际与非根际土壤氮素、有机碳含量特征[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(4):18-24.(Du M X,Zhang L J,Liang K L,et al. Characteristics of nitrogen and organic carbon content in rhizosphere and bulk soil under different shrubs in the Alpine Sandy Grassland[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2011,33(4):18-24.)
[10]胡静,侯向阳,王珍,等.割草和放牧对大针茅根际与非根际土壤养分和微生物数量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3482-3488.(Hu J,Hou X Y,Wang Z,et al. Effects of mowing and grazing on soil nutrients and soil microbes in rhizosphere and bulk soil of Stipa grandis in a typical steppe[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(11):3482-3488.)
[11]杨刚,孙万仓,王丽萍,等.北方旱寒区冬油菜不同后茬作物根际与非根际土壤肥力研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):55-62.(Yang G,Sun W C,Wang L P,et al. Study on rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil fertilities of different crops after harvest of winter rape in the north dry-cold area[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(3):55-62.)
[12]杨期和,刘惠娜,李清华,等.粤东铅锌尾矿区3种优势植物根际土壤微生物的活性研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(30):56-64.(Yang Q H,Liu H N,Li Q H,et al. Study on the microbial activity of rhizosphere soil for three dominant plant in Pb. Zn wasteland in Eastern Guangdong province[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(30):56-64.)
[13]滕应,黄昌勇,龙健等.复垦红壤中牧草根际微生物群落功能多样性[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(3):295-299.(Teng Y,Huang,C Y,Long J,et al. Functional diversity of microbial community in herbage rhizosphere of reclaimed red soils[J]. China Environmental Science,2003,23(3):295-299.)
[14]谷岩,邱强,王振民,等.连作大豆根际微生物群落结构及土壤酶活性[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(9):3955-3964.(Gu Y,Qiu Q,Wang Z M,et al. Effects of soybean continuous cropping on microbial and soil enzymes in soybean rhizosphere[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(9):3955-3964.)
[15]谷岩,吴春胜,王振民,等.不同施肥处理对大豆根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(6):1008-1012.(Gu Y,Wu C S,Wang Z M,et al. Effect of different fertilizer treatment on soil microorganism and enzyme activities in soybean[J]. Soybean Science,2010,29(6):1008-1012.)
[16]孟庆英,于忠和,贾绘彬,等.不同施肥处理对大豆根际土壤微生物及土壤肥力影响[J].大豆科学,2011,30(3):471-475.(Meng Q Y,Yu Z H,Jia H B,et al. Effects of different fertilizer treatment on rhizosphere soil microoganisms and fertility of soybean[J]. Soybean Science,2011,30(3):471-475.)
[17]张红骥,孙彬,裴占江,等.有机无机复混肥对大豆根际微生物区系及幼苗生长的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(6):1016-1019.(Zhang H J,Sun B,Pei Z J,et al. Effects of organic and inorganic compound fertilizers on soybean rizosphere microorganism and seedling growth[J]. Soybean Science,2010,29(6):1016-1019.)
[18] Riley D,Barber S A. Bicarbonate accumulation and p H changes at the soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.] root-soil interface[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(6):905-908.
[19]关松荫,张德生,张志明.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.(Guan S Y,Zhang D S,Zhang Z M. Soil enzymes and research methods[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1986.)
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.(Bao S D. Soil analysis in agricultural chemistry[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.)
[21]侯颖.采煤塌陷复垦初期土壤微生物及根际效应研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(15):72-76.(Hou Y. Soil microorganism and rhizospheric effect in early stage of reclamation in core-mining subsidence area[J]. Guang Dong Agriculture Science,2013,40(15):72-76.)
[22]胡亚林,汪思龙,颜绍.影响土壤微生物活性和群落结构因素研究[J].土壤通报,2006,27(1):170-176.(Hu Y L,Wang S L,Yan S. Research advances on the factors influencing the activity and community structure of soil microorganism[J]. China Journal of Soil Science,2006,27(1):170-176.)
[23]方改霞.矿区与非矿区艾蒿根部微生物数量比较研究[J].广东农业科学,2009,36(5):155-158.(Fang G X. Study on the number of micro-organisms at root of mugwort in soil in mining and non-mining area[J]. Guangdong Agriculture Science,2009,36(5):155-158.)