土地利用和侵蚀过程对土壤重金属分布的影响
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摘要
在土壤侵蚀严重的黄土高原地区,选择3种土地利用类型(坡耕地、灌木林地、草地),利用放射性同位素137 Cs示踪技术分析了坡面尺度土壤侵蚀程度的变化,明确了土壤重金属(Mn、Cr、Zn、V、Ni、Cu、As、Co)在流域内的空间分布特征,分析坡面侵蚀速率变化与土壤重金属再分布的响应关系.结果表明,坡耕地总体上为"强烈侵蚀",最大侵蚀速率高达10 853.56t·km-2·a-1.灌木林地和草地为"轻度侵蚀".坡耕地Cr和As含量较高,而V、Mn、Zn、Co、Ni、Cu在灌木林地和草地含量较高.坡耕地土壤重金属的分布与侵蚀速率相反,侵蚀严重的地区,土壤重金属含量少,侵蚀微弱的地区,土壤重金属含量高.侵蚀作用下坡耕地中Cr、V、As、Co和Zn容易发生顺坡迁移流失.土地利用变化和侵蚀过程对坡面土壤重金属分布影响较大,本研究结果可为控制水土流失,减少重金属面源污染提供重要的科学依据.
Changes in land-use are known to have impact on hydrological processes and heavy metal migration,but the corelation between soil erosion and soil heavy metal has not been studied in detail.Soil erosion on the slope of three land use types(sloping cropland,shrubland and grassland)in the Losses Plateau of China was investigated with ~(137)Cs tracking.The distribution of eight heavy metals(Mn,Cr,Zn,V,Ni,Cu,As and Co)in the watershed was also studied.Correlation between soil erosion rate and soil heavy metal distribution was examined.Soil erosion in sloping cropland was strong and max soil erosion was at 10 853.56 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1).Soil erosion in shrubland and grassland was slight.Sloping cropland showed higher Cr and As concentrations than shrubland and grassland.V,Mn,Zn,Co,Ni and Cu contents were higher in shrubland and grassland than in sloping cropland.The distribution tendency of heavy metals in sloping cropland was similar to soil erosion.Heavy metal contents in sloping cropland were high in area with low soil erosion but low with high soil erosion rate.Cr,V,As,Co and Zn were lost with water erosion along the slope in sloping cropland.Changes in land use and soil erosion had effects on distribution of heavy metals in soil.This work provides some scientific basis for soil and water erosion control and for the control of non-point heavy metal pollution.
Changes in land-use are known to have impact on hydrological processes and heavy metal migration,but the corelation between soil erosion and soil heavy metal has not been studied in detail.Soil erosion on the slope of three land use types(sloping cropland,shrubland and grassland)in the Losses Plateau of China was investigated with ~(137)Cs tracking.The distribution of eight heavy metals(Mn,Cr,Zn,V,Ni,Cu,As and Co)in the watershed was also studied.Correlation between soil erosion rate and soil heavy metal distribution was examined.Soil erosion in sloping cropland was strong and max soil erosion was at 10 853.56 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1).Soil erosion in shrubland and grassland was slight.Sloping cropland showed higher Cr and As concentrations than shrubland and grassland.V,Mn,Zn,Co,Ni and Cu contents were higher in shrubland and grassland than in sloping cropland.The distribution tendency of heavy metals in sloping cropland was similar to soil erosion.Heavy metal contents in sloping cropland were high in area with low soil erosion but low with high soil erosion rate.Cr,V,As,Co and Zn were lost with water erosion along the slope in sloping cropland.Changes in land use and soil erosion had effects on distribution of heavy metals in soil.This work provides some scientific basis for soil and water erosion control and for the control of non-point heavy metal pollution.
引文
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[23]田均良,黄义端,李雅琦.黄土高原土壤剖面发生学特征和元素背景值的垂直分异现象[J].中国环境监测,1992,8(3):56
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[29]KELEPERTZIS E.Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Mediterranean:insights from Argolida basin,Peloponnese,Greece[J].Geoderma,2014,221:82
[30]CHENG Y,LI P,XU G,et al.Effects of soil erosion and land use on spatial distribution of soil total phosphorus in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2018,184:142
[31]GESSESSE B,BEWKET W,BRUNING A.Modelbased characterization and monitoring of runoff and soil erosion in response to land use/land cover changes in the Modjo watershed,Ethiopia[J].Land Degradation and Development,2015,26(7):711
[32]梁涛,王浩,张秀梅,等.不同土地类型下重金属随暴雨径流迁移过程及速率对比[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(10):1756
[33]CHENG Y,LI P,XU G,et al.Effects of soil erosion and land use on spatial distribution of soil total phosphorus in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2018,184:142
[34]FU B J,WANG Y F,LU Y H,et al.The effects of land-use combinations on soil erosion:a case study in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2009,33(6):793
[35]史志华,宋长青.土壤水蚀过程研究回顾[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):1
[36]赵龙山,侯瑞,吴发起,等.水蚀过程中裸露陡坡耕地土壤侵蚀特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):74
[37]LEROY M C,MARCOTTE S,LEGRAS M,et al.Influence of the vegetative cover on the fate of trace metals in retention systems simulating roadside infiltration swales[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,580:482
[38]LIAO J,WEN Z,RU X,et al.Distribution and migration of heavy metals in soil and crops affected by acid mine drainage:public health implications in Guangdong Province,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,124:460
[39]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844
[2]TTH G,HERMANN T,DA SILVA M R,et al.Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety[J].Environment International,2016,88:299
[3]ZHANG X,ZHONG T,LIU L,et al.Impact of soil heavy metal pollution on food safety in China[J].PLoSOne,2015,10(8):e0135182
[4]GALL J E,BOYD R S,RAJAKARUNA N.Transfer of heavy metals through terrestrial food webs:a review[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(4):187
[5]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):315
[6]El AZHARI A,RHOUJJATI A,EL HACHIMI,et al.Pollution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil-plant system and the sediment-water column around a former Pb/Zn-mining area in NE Morocco[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,144:464
[7]LJ,JIAO W,QIU H,et al.Origin and spatial distribution of heavy metals and carcinogenic risk assessment in mining areas at You'xi County southeast China[J].Geoderma,2018,310:99
[8]陈卫平,杨阳,谢天,等.中国农田土壤重金属污染防治挑战与对策[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):261
[9]CHEN T,CHANG Q,LIU J,et al.Identification of soil heavy metal sources and improvement in spatial mapping based on soil spectral information:a case study in northwest China[J].Science of The Total Environment,2016,565:155
[10]刘剑锋,谷宁,张可慧.土壤重金属空间分异及迁移研究进展与展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,2:99
[11]李清良,吴倩,高进波,等.基于小流域尺度的土壤重金属分布与土地利用相关性研究:以厦门市坂头水库流域为例[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5486
[12]ZHOU S L,LIAO F Q,WU S H,et al.Heavy metals contents in soil profiles of typical agricultural lands in Yixing,Jiangsu Province,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53:177
[13]张宁宁,刘普灵.黄土丘陵区近10年典型小流域对侵蚀环境演变的泥沙响应[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):106
[14]王教凯,赵宗山.百年来东海内陆架沉积物中重金属的累积过程及生态风险变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(12):1721
[15]周书贵,邵全琴,曹巍.近20年黄土高原土地利用/覆被变化特征分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(2):190
[16]刘国彬,上官周平,姚文艺,等.黄土高原生态工程的生态成效[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):11
[17]FU B,WANG S,LIU Y,et al.Hydrogeomorphic ecosystem responses to natural and anthropogenic changes in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2017,45:223
[18]DJUKIA A,LEKIB B,RAJAKOVI-OGNJANOVIB V,et al.Further insight into the mechanism of heavy metals partitioning in stormwater runoff[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,168:104
[19]LIAO J,WEN Z,RU X,et al.Distribution and migration of heavy metals in soil and crops affected by acid mine drainage:public health implications in Guangdong Province,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,124:460
[20]周萍,文安邦,史忠林,等.三峡库区不同土地利用土壤重金属分布特征与污染评价[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):207
[21]ZHANG X B,HIGGITT D L,WALLING D E.Apreliminary assessment of the potential for using caesium-137to estimate rates of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,1991,35(3):243
[22]陶炳德,沙占江,郭丽霞,等.137 Cs示踪法研究湟水上游和布哈河下游区域土壤侵蚀强度[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):997
[23]田均良,黄义端,李雅琦.黄土高原土壤剖面发生学特征和元素背景值的垂直分异现象[J].中国环境监测,1992,8(3):56
[24]KERR J G,COOKE C A.Erosion of the Alberta badlands produces highly variable and elevated heavy metal concentrations in the Red Deer River,Alberta[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,596:427
[25]OUYANG W,WU Y,HAO Z,et al.Combined impacts of land use and soil property changes on soil erosion in a mollisol area under long-term agricultural development[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,613:798
[26]CHEN L,WANG J,WEi W,et al.Effects of landscape restoration on soil water storage and water use in the Loess Plateau Region,China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2010,259(7):1291
[27]OUYANG W,SKIDMORE A K,HAO F,et al.Soil erosion dynamics response to landscape pattern[J].Science of The Total Environment,2010,408:1358
[28]NGUYEN V T,OZAKI A,NGUYEN T H,et al.Arsenic and heavy metal contamination in soils under different land use in an estuary in northern Vietnam[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2016,13(11):1091
[29]KELEPERTZIS E.Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Mediterranean:insights from Argolida basin,Peloponnese,Greece[J].Geoderma,2014,221:82
[30]CHENG Y,LI P,XU G,et al.Effects of soil erosion and land use on spatial distribution of soil total phosphorus in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2018,184:142
[31]GESSESSE B,BEWKET W,BRUNING A.Modelbased characterization and monitoring of runoff and soil erosion in response to land use/land cover changes in the Modjo watershed,Ethiopia[J].Land Degradation and Development,2015,26(7):711
[32]梁涛,王浩,张秀梅,等.不同土地类型下重金属随暴雨径流迁移过程及速率对比[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(10):1756
[33]CHENG Y,LI P,XU G,et al.Effects of soil erosion and land use on spatial distribution of soil total phosphorus in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2018,184:142
[34]FU B J,WANG Y F,LU Y H,et al.The effects of land-use combinations on soil erosion:a case study in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2009,33(6):793
[35]史志华,宋长青.土壤水蚀过程研究回顾[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):1
[36]赵龙山,侯瑞,吴发起,等.水蚀过程中裸露陡坡耕地土壤侵蚀特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):74
[37]LEROY M C,MARCOTTE S,LEGRAS M,et al.Influence of the vegetative cover on the fate of trace metals in retention systems simulating roadside infiltration swales[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,580:482
[38]LIAO J,WEN Z,RU X,et al.Distribution and migration of heavy metals in soil and crops affected by acid mine drainage:public health implications in Guangdong Province,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,124:460
[39]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844