不同水动力机制下砂体沉积响应及岩性圈闭形成模式
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摘要
珠江口盆地惠州地区是岩性圈闭勘探的有利区之一,具有水动力多变、沉积微相类型丰富的特点,不同水动力条件下的砂体沉积响应及岩性圈闭发育模式也不同。在精细解剖已钻岩性圈闭基础上,采用岩心、测井、地震等地质与地球物理手段,对惠州地区珠江组典型砂体沉积水动力条件、沉积微相展布及岩性圈闭形成模式进行了分析。结果表明,研究区发育3类水动力作用下的沉积体系:珠江组五段海侵早期发育沿岸流、潮流水动力作用为主的滨岸砂坝体系;珠江组四段海侵期发育以河流水动力作用为主的三角洲前缘水下分流河道近端、远端与河口坝复合体系;珠江组四段高位晚期则发育以潮汐水动力作用为主的陆架砂脊体系。根据砂体尖灭特征,可将岩性圈闭发育模式划分为3种,即侵蚀尖灭型、缓慢尖灭型、快速尖灭型。勘探实践表明,惠州地区岩性圈闭勘探地质成功率近75%,已在多个砂体尖灭模式下的岩性圈闭中发现油气。因此,不同水动力条件下有利砂体沉积响应及岩性圈闭发育模式分析是岩性圈闭精细勘探的关键环节,对于深度挖掘类似地区岩性圈闭的勘探潜力具有重要的指导意义。
Huizhou area is a favorable area for lithologic trap exploration in Pearl River Mouth Basin,characterized by variable hydrodynamic conditions and abundant sedimentary microfacies types.The sedimentary response of sand body and the development models of lithological traps are also varying under different hydrodynamic conditions.Based on finely analyzing the drilled lithological traps,the core,logging and seismic geological and geophysical methods are used to study the hydrodynamic conditions,sedimentary microfacies and lithologic trap formation patterns of the typical sand bodies in Zhujiang Formation,Huizhou area.The results indicate that the sedimentary systems are developed under hydrodynamic conditions in the study area,i.e.,the long shore sand bar system in Member 5 of Zhujiang Formation during the early transgression period under the hydrodynamic action of coastal current and tide;the composite system involving the near end,distal end and estuary dam of underwater distributaries at the delta front in Member 4 of Zhujiang Formation during the transgression period under river hydrodynamic conditions;the continental sand ridge system in the high stand system tract of Member 4 of Zhujiang Formation during the late development period under tidal hydrodynamic conditions.According to the characteristics of sand body pitch-out,the development patterns of lithologic traps can be divided into three types,i.e.,pitch-out caused by erosion,slow pitch-out,and rapid pitch-out.Exploration practice shows that the geological success rate of lithologic traps in Huizhou sag is nearly 75%,and oil and gas has been found in lithologic traps in multiple sand body pitch-out modes.Therefore,the analysis of favorable sand body sedimentary response and lithologic trap development model under different hydrodynamic conditions is a key step in the fine exploration of lithologic traps,which is of important guiding significance for deep exploration of lithologic traps in similar areas.
Huizhou area is a favorable area for lithologic trap exploration in Pearl River Mouth Basin,characterized by variable hydrodynamic conditions and abundant sedimentary microfacies types.The sedimentary response of sand body and the development models of lithological traps are also varying under different hydrodynamic conditions.Based on finely analyzing the drilled lithological traps,the core,logging and seismic geological and geophysical methods are used to study the hydrodynamic conditions,sedimentary microfacies and lithologic trap formation patterns of the typical sand bodies in Zhujiang Formation,Huizhou area.The results indicate that the sedimentary systems are developed under hydrodynamic conditions in the study area,i.e.,the long shore sand bar system in Member 5 of Zhujiang Formation during the early transgression period under the hydrodynamic action of coastal current and tide;the composite system involving the near end,distal end and estuary dam of underwater distributaries at the delta front in Member 4 of Zhujiang Formation during the transgression period under river hydrodynamic conditions;the continental sand ridge system in the high stand system tract of Member 4 of Zhujiang Formation during the late development period under tidal hydrodynamic conditions.According to the characteristics of sand body pitch-out,the development patterns of lithologic traps can be divided into three types,i.e.,pitch-out caused by erosion,slow pitch-out,and rapid pitch-out.Exploration practice shows that the geological success rate of lithologic traps in Huizhou sag is nearly 75%,and oil and gas has been found in lithologic traps in multiple sand body pitch-out modes.Therefore,the analysis of favorable sand body sedimentary response and lithologic trap development model under different hydrodynamic conditions is a key step in the fine exploration of lithologic traps,which is of important guiding significance for deep exploration of lithologic traps in similar areas.
引文
[1]杜家元,陈维涛,张昌民.珠江口盆地新近系地层岩性圈闭形成条件及发育规律分析[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(5):555-561.DU Jiayuan,CHEN Weitao,ZHANG Changmin.Formation conditions and development features of Neogene stratigraphic-lithologic traps in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(5):555-561.
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[4]操应长,王健,刘惠民.利用环境敏感粒度组分分析滩坝砂体水动力学机制的初步探讨——以东营凹陷西部沙四上滩坝砂体沉积为例[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):274-284.CAO Yingchang,WANG Jian,LIU Huimin.Preliminary study on the hydrodynamic mechanism of beach-bar sandbodies with environmentally sensitive grain size components:a case study from beach-bar sandbody sediments of the upper part of the fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Western Don[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):274-284.
[5]陈彬滔,杨丽莎,于兴河,等.准噶尔盆地南缘三工河组和西山窑组辫状河三角洲水动力条件与砂体分布规模定量分析[J].中国地质,2012,39(5):1290-1298.CHEN Bintao,YANG Lisha,YU Xinghe,et al.Quantitative analysis of hydrodynamic conditions and sand body distribution dimensions of the braided river delta in Sangonghe Formation and Xishanyao Formation on the south margin of Junggar Basin[J].Geology in China,2012,39(5):1290-1298.
[6]龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:44-122.GONG Zaisheng,LI Sitian.Continental margin basin analysis and hydrocarbon accumulation of the northern South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997:44-122.
[7]杨川恒,杜栩,潘和顺,等.国外深水领域油气勘探新进展及我国南海北部陆坡深水区油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):247-256.YANG Chuanheng,DU Xu,PAN Heshun,et al.Advances in worldwide deep water hydrocarbon exploration and oil and gas exploration potential in the northern continental slope in South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):247-256.
[8]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):145-151.PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,SHAO Lei,et al.Baiyun movement,agreat tectonic event on the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the northern South China Sea and its implications[J].Geological Review,2007,53(2):145-151.
[9]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-87.CHEN Changmin,SHI Hesheng,XU Shice,et al.The condition of hydrocarbon accumulation of Tertiary petroleum system in Pearl River Mouth Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:1-87.
[10]陈骥,傅恒,刘雁婷,等.珠江口盆地东沙隆起珠江组沉积环境及演化[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2011,33(2):21-26.CHEN Ji,FU Heng,LIU Yanting,et al.The sedimentary environment and evolution of Zhujiang Formation in Dongsha uplift of PearlRiver Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2011,33(2):21-26.
[11]刘豪,王英民,王媛.浅海陆棚环境下沉积坡折带及其对局部强制海退体系域的控制[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):906-916.LIU Hao,WANG Yingmin,WANG Yuan.Depositional slope break in shallow marine shelf setting and its control on regional forced regressive wedge systems tract[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(5):906-916.
[12]米立军,曾清波,杨海长.东沙隆起珠江组生物礁类型及勘探方向[J].石油学报,2013,34(S2):24-31.MI Lijun,ZENG Qingbo,YANG Haichang.Types of organic reef and exploration direction in Zhujiang Formation of Dongsha uplift[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(S2):24-31.
[13]秦国权.珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层划分和海平面变化[J].中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(1):1-10.QIN Guoquan.Late Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2002,16(1):1-10.
[14]王春修.珠江口盆地海相中新统层序地层分析及其意义[J].中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(5):279-288.WANG Chunxiu.Sequence stratigraphic analysis of marine Miocene formations in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1996,10(5):279-288.
[15]杨少坤,黄丽芬,李希宗,等.珠江口盆地特殊层序地层模式及其对勘探的指导意义[J].中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(3):137-143.YANG Shaokun,HUANG Lifen,LI Xizong,et al.Special sequential stratigraphic pattern in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance to exploration[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1996,10(3):137-143.
[16]BRUUN P.Sea-level rise as a cause of shore erosion[J].Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division,1962,88(1):117-132.
[17]ALLEN G P,POSAMENTIER H W.Sequence stratigraphy and facies model of an incised valley fill:the Gironde estuary,France[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1993,63(3):378-391.
[18]WILLIS A,WITTENBERG J.Exploration significance of healingphase deposits in the Triassic Doig Formation,Hythe,Alberta[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2000,48(3):179-192.
[19]DOMINGUEZ J M L,WANLESS H R.Facies architecture of a falling sea-level strandplain,Doce river coast,Brazil[M]∥SWIFT D J P,OERTEL G F,TILLMAN R W,et al.Shelf Sand and Sandstone Bodies:Geometry,Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publicatons,1991:257-281.
[20]CATUNEANU O.Sequence stratigraphy of clastic systems:concepts,merits,and pitfalls[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2002,35(1):1-43.
[21]SWIFT D J P.Tidal sand ridges and shoal-retreat massifs[J].Marine Geology,1975,18(3):105-133.
[22]刘豪,王英民,王媛.浅海陆棚环境下沉积坡折带及其对局部强制海退体系域的控制[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):906-916.LIU Hao,WANG Yingmin,WANG Yuan.Depositional slope break in shallow marine shelf setting and its control on regional forced regressive wedge systems tract[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(5):906-916.
[23]丁琳,张昌民,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷珠江组K系列陆架砂脊沉积演化与成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):379-385.DING Lin,ZHANG Changmin,DU Jiayuan,et al.Depositional evolution and genesis of K set of shelf sand ridges in the Zhujiang Formation of Huizhou sag,Pear River Mouth Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):379-385.
[24]丁琳,杜家元,罗明,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷新近系珠江组K22陆架砂脊沉积成因分析[J].古地理学报,2016,18(5):785-798.DING Lin,DU Jiayuan,LUO Ming,et al.Analysis of depositional genesis of K22 shelf sand ridges in the Neogene Zhujiang Formation in Huizhou sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2016,18(5):785-798.
[25]聂晓庆,张尚锋,施和生,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷SQ2~SQ4岩性油气藏成藏分析[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2011,33(4):29-33.NIE Xiaoqing,ZHANG Shangfeng,SHI Hesheng,et al.Analysis of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir accumulation of sequence 2~4in Huizhou depression of Pearl-River Month Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2011,33(4):29-33.
[26]EMBRY A F.Sequence boundaries and sequence hierarchies:problems and proposals[J].Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications,1995,5:1-11.
[27]HELLAND-HANSEN W,MARTINSEN O J.Shoreline trajectories and sequences:description of variable depositional-dip scenarios[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1996,66(4):670-688.
[2]《沉积构造与环境解释》编著组.沉积构造与环境解释[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:1-69.Editorial Group of “Interpretation of Sedimentary Structures and Environment”.Sedimentary structure and environmental interpretation[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:1-69.
[3]齐亚林,刘显阳,杨时雨,等.内陆湖泊三角洲河口区水动力特征及地质意义[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(3):49-55.QI Yalin,LIU Xianyang,YANG Shiyu,et al.Hydrodynamic characteristics and geological significance of estuaries of inland lake delta[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(3):49-55.
[4]操应长,王健,刘惠民.利用环境敏感粒度组分分析滩坝砂体水动力学机制的初步探讨——以东营凹陷西部沙四上滩坝砂体沉积为例[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):274-284.CAO Yingchang,WANG Jian,LIU Huimin.Preliminary study on the hydrodynamic mechanism of beach-bar sandbodies with environmentally sensitive grain size components:a case study from beach-bar sandbody sediments of the upper part of the fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Western Don[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):274-284.
[5]陈彬滔,杨丽莎,于兴河,等.准噶尔盆地南缘三工河组和西山窑组辫状河三角洲水动力条件与砂体分布规模定量分析[J].中国地质,2012,39(5):1290-1298.CHEN Bintao,YANG Lisha,YU Xinghe,et al.Quantitative analysis of hydrodynamic conditions and sand body distribution dimensions of the braided river delta in Sangonghe Formation and Xishanyao Formation on the south margin of Junggar Basin[J].Geology in China,2012,39(5):1290-1298.
[6]龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:44-122.GONG Zaisheng,LI Sitian.Continental margin basin analysis and hydrocarbon accumulation of the northern South China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997:44-122.
[7]杨川恒,杜栩,潘和顺,等.国外深水领域油气勘探新进展及我国南海北部陆坡深水区油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):247-256.YANG Chuanheng,DU Xu,PAN Heshun,et al.Advances in worldwide deep water hydrocarbon exploration and oil and gas exploration potential in the northern continental slope in South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):247-256.
[8]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):145-151.PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,SHAO Lei,et al.Baiyun movement,agreat tectonic event on the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the northern South China Sea and its implications[J].Geological Review,2007,53(2):145-151.
[9]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-87.CHEN Changmin,SHI Hesheng,XU Shice,et al.The condition of hydrocarbon accumulation of Tertiary petroleum system in Pearl River Mouth Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:1-87.
[10]陈骥,傅恒,刘雁婷,等.珠江口盆地东沙隆起珠江组沉积环境及演化[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2011,33(2):21-26.CHEN Ji,FU Heng,LIU Yanting,et al.The sedimentary environment and evolution of Zhujiang Formation in Dongsha uplift of PearlRiver Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2011,33(2):21-26.
[11]刘豪,王英民,王媛.浅海陆棚环境下沉积坡折带及其对局部强制海退体系域的控制[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):906-916.LIU Hao,WANG Yingmin,WANG Yuan.Depositional slope break in shallow marine shelf setting and its control on regional forced regressive wedge systems tract[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(5):906-916.
[12]米立军,曾清波,杨海长.东沙隆起珠江组生物礁类型及勘探方向[J].石油学报,2013,34(S2):24-31.MI Lijun,ZENG Qingbo,YANG Haichang.Types of organic reef and exploration direction in Zhujiang Formation of Dongsha uplift[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(S2):24-31.
[13]秦国权.珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层划分和海平面变化[J].中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(1):1-10.QIN Guoquan.Late Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2002,16(1):1-10.
[14]王春修.珠江口盆地海相中新统层序地层分析及其意义[J].中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(5):279-288.WANG Chunxiu.Sequence stratigraphic analysis of marine Miocene formations in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1996,10(5):279-288.
[15]杨少坤,黄丽芬,李希宗,等.珠江口盆地特殊层序地层模式及其对勘探的指导意义[J].中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(3):137-143.YANG Shaokun,HUANG Lifen,LI Xizong,et al.Special sequential stratigraphic pattern in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance to exploration[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1996,10(3):137-143.
[16]BRUUN P.Sea-level rise as a cause of shore erosion[J].Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division,1962,88(1):117-132.
[17]ALLEN G P,POSAMENTIER H W.Sequence stratigraphy and facies model of an incised valley fill:the Gironde estuary,France[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1993,63(3):378-391.
[18]WILLIS A,WITTENBERG J.Exploration significance of healingphase deposits in the Triassic Doig Formation,Hythe,Alberta[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2000,48(3):179-192.
[19]DOMINGUEZ J M L,WANLESS H R.Facies architecture of a falling sea-level strandplain,Doce river coast,Brazil[M]∥SWIFT D J P,OERTEL G F,TILLMAN R W,et al.Shelf Sand and Sandstone Bodies:Geometry,Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publicatons,1991:257-281.
[20]CATUNEANU O.Sequence stratigraphy of clastic systems:concepts,merits,and pitfalls[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2002,35(1):1-43.
[21]SWIFT D J P.Tidal sand ridges and shoal-retreat massifs[J].Marine Geology,1975,18(3):105-133.
[22]刘豪,王英民,王媛.浅海陆棚环境下沉积坡折带及其对局部强制海退体系域的控制[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):906-916.LIU Hao,WANG Yingmin,WANG Yuan.Depositional slope break in shallow marine shelf setting and its control on regional forced regressive wedge systems tract[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(5):906-916.
[23]丁琳,张昌民,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷珠江组K系列陆架砂脊沉积演化与成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):379-385.DING Lin,ZHANG Changmin,DU Jiayuan,et al.Depositional evolution and genesis of K set of shelf sand ridges in the Zhujiang Formation of Huizhou sag,Pear River Mouth Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):379-385.
[24]丁琳,杜家元,罗明,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷新近系珠江组K22陆架砂脊沉积成因分析[J].古地理学报,2016,18(5):785-798.DING Lin,DU Jiayuan,LUO Ming,et al.Analysis of depositional genesis of K22 shelf sand ridges in the Neogene Zhujiang Formation in Huizhou sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2016,18(5):785-798.
[25]聂晓庆,张尚锋,施和生,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷SQ2~SQ4岩性油气藏成藏分析[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2011,33(4):29-33.NIE Xiaoqing,ZHANG Shangfeng,SHI Hesheng,et al.Analysis of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir accumulation of sequence 2~4in Huizhou depression of Pearl-River Month Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2011,33(4):29-33.
[26]EMBRY A F.Sequence boundaries and sequence hierarchies:problems and proposals[J].Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications,1995,5:1-11.
[27]HELLAND-HANSEN W,MARTINSEN O J.Shoreline trajectories and sequences:description of variable depositional-dip scenarios[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1996,66(4):670-688.