不同施肥处理下水稻根际和非根际土壤中氨基糖积累特征
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摘要
以水稻长期定位施肥试验土壤为研究对象,选取不施肥(CK)、化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田+化肥(NPKS)、30%有机肥+70%化肥(LOM)和60%有机肥+40%化肥(HOM) 5种处理,分析水稻分蘖旺期根际土和非根际土中氨基糖积累特征.结果表明:与CK和NPK处理相比,长期施用有机物料(NPKS、LOM、HOM)显著增加了水稻根际土和非根际土中有机碳、总氨基糖及其氨基单糖(胞壁酸、氨基葡萄糖和氨基半乳糖)含量.不同施肥处理下3种氨基单糖的积累规律不同,说明不同微生物对施肥处理的响应趋势和强度有所不同.受稻田翻耕等均匀化土壤的农事操作影响,各处理总氨基糖含量在根际土与非根际土间无显著差异.氨基糖碳对土壤有机碳积累的贡献范围为24.0～28.3 mg·g-1,且以NPKS处理最高,HOM和CK处理最低.真菌氨基葡萄糖/胞壁酸比值范围为24.4～36.6,说明该试验点所有处理的根际土与非根际土中有机质的降解与转化过程以真菌为主导,且与NPK和CK相比,NPKS处理的真菌参与度提高,而施用HOM处理的细菌参与度提高.
Soil samples were collected from paddy ecosystem under five long-term fertilization treatments,including control without fertilizer( CK),chemical fertilization alone( NPK),rice residue combined with NPK( NPKS),30% manure plus 70% chemical fertilizer( LOM),and 60%manure plus 40% chemical fertilizer( HOM) in Ningxiang City,Hunan Province. The characteristics of amino sugars accumulation in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils at rice tillering stage were analyzed. Results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon,total amino sugars and three amino monosaccharides( muramic acid,glucosamine and galactosamine) with long-term application of organic materials( rice residue or manure) were significantly higher compared with CK and NPK. The inconsistent accumulation trends of the three amino monosaccharides under different fertilization treatments indicated that different responses of microbial groups to various fertilization treatments. The content of total amino sugars was not significantly different between the rhizosphere soil and the non-rhizosphere soil,probably because the agricultural operations such as plowing could homogenize paddy soils. The contribution of amino sugar derived carbon to soil organic carbon ranged from 24.0 to 28.3 mg·g-1,which was highest in NPKS,and lowest in HOM and CK. The ratio of fungal to bacterial residues( fungal glucosamine/muramic acid) ranged from 24.4to 36.6,indicating that fungi dominated the degradation and transformation of organic matter in all the soils. Compared with that under NPK and CK,the participation of organic matter transformation from fungi under NPKS treatment was increased,whereas the bacteria involved in organic matter transformation under HOM treatment was enhanced.
Soil samples were collected from paddy ecosystem under five long-term fertilization treatments,including control without fertilizer( CK),chemical fertilization alone( NPK),rice residue combined with NPK( NPKS),30% manure plus 70% chemical fertilizer( LOM),and 60%manure plus 40% chemical fertilizer( HOM) in Ningxiang City,Hunan Province. The characteristics of amino sugars accumulation in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils at rice tillering stage were analyzed. Results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon,total amino sugars and three amino monosaccharides( muramic acid,glucosamine and galactosamine) with long-term application of organic materials( rice residue or manure) were significantly higher compared with CK and NPK. The inconsistent accumulation trends of the three amino monosaccharides under different fertilization treatments indicated that different responses of microbial groups to various fertilization treatments. The content of total amino sugars was not significantly different between the rhizosphere soil and the non-rhizosphere soil,probably because the agricultural operations such as plowing could homogenize paddy soils. The contribution of amino sugar derived carbon to soil organic carbon ranged from 24.0 to 28.3 mg·g-1,which was highest in NPKS,and lowest in HOM and CK. The ratio of fungal to bacterial residues( fungal glucosamine/muramic acid) ranged from 24.4to 36.6,indicating that fungi dominated the degradation and transformation of organic matter in all the soils. Compared with that under NPK and CK,the participation of organic matter transformation from fungi under NPKS treatment was increased,whereas the bacteria involved in organic matter transformation under HOM treatment was enhanced.
引文
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[24]Sa R-L(萨如拉),Gao J-L(高聚林),Yu X-F(于晓芳),et al.Screening of low temperature maize stalk decomposition microorganism.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2013,46(19):4082-4090(in Chinese)
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[29]Li H-M(李惠民),Cen J(岑剑),Wang B-L(王保莉),et al.RFLP analysis of bacterium community in paddy soil.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica(西北农业学报),2009,18(5):176-180(in Chinese)
[2]Ding X-L(丁雪丽),Zhang X-D(张旭东),Yang X-M(杨学明),et al.Accumulation of amino sugar carbon affected by tillage in black soil in Northeast China.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2012,49(3):535-543(in Chinese)
[3]Engelking B,Flessa H,Joergensena RG.Shifts in amino sugar and ergosterol contents after addition of sucrose and cellulose to soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39:2111-2118
[4]Liu X,Hu GQ,He HB,et al.Linking microbial immobilization of fertilizer nitrogen to in situ turnover of soil microbial residues in an agro-ecosystem.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2016,229:40-47
[5]He H,Zhang W,Zhang X,et al.Temporal responses of soil microorganisms to substrate addition as indicated by amino sugar differentiation.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43:1155-1161
[6]Shao S,Zhao Y,Zhang W,et al.Linkage of microbial residue dynamics with soil organic carbon accumulation during subtropical forest succession.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,114:114-120
[7]Chen X,Xia Y,Hu Y,et al.Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the fate of rice residue-C in paddy soil depending on depth:13C amino sugar analysis.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2018,54:523-531
[8]Jing Y-L(井艳丽),Liu S-R(刘世荣),Yin Y(殷有),et al.Effects of N-fixing tree species(Alnus sibirica)on amino sugars in the soils of a Larix kaempferi plantation in eastern Liaoning Province,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2018,38(8):2838-2845(in Chinese)
[9]Liang C,Kao-Kniffin J,Sanford GR,et al.Microorganisms and their residues under restored perennial grassland communities of varying diversity.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,103:192-200
[10]Zhang X-L(张喜林),Zhou B-K(周宝库),Sun L(孙磊),et al.Black soil acidity as affected by applying fertilizer and manure.Chinese Journal of Soil Science(土壤通报),2008,39(5):1221-1223(in Chinese)
[11]He X-H(郝晓晖),Hu R-G(胡荣桂),Wu J-S(吴金水),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on paddy soils organic nitrogen,microbial biomass,and microbial function diversity.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2010,21(6):1477-1484(in Chinese)
[12]Zhang B-Y(张北赢),Chen T-L(陈天林),Wang B(王兵).Effects of long-term uses of chemical fertilizers on soil quality.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2010,26(11):182-187(in Chinese)
[13]Geisseler D,Scow KM.Long-term effects of mineral fertilizers on soil microorganisms:A review.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,75:54-63
[14]Tang H-M(唐海明),Xiao X-P(肖小平),Tang W-G(汤文光),et al.Effects of long-term fertilizer treatments on CH4fluxes and key functional microorganisms in a double-cropping paddy field.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2017,37(22):7668-7678(in Chinese)
[15]Sun X-X(孙小霞),Wang H-B(王海斌),He H-B(何海斌),et al.Analysis of phenolic acids and terpenoids in rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic rice varieties under dry field conditions.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture(中国生态农业学报),2014,22(7):806-812(in Chinese)
[16]Zhang XD,Amelung W.Gas chromatographic determination of muramic acid,glucosamine,mannosamine and galactosamine in soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28:1201-1206
[17]He H-B(何红波),Li X-B(李晓波),Zhang W(张威),et al.Effect of glucose and nitrogen supply on dynamics of amino sugars in mollisol.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2010,47(4):760-766(in Chinese)
[18]Gunina A,Dippold M,Glaser B,et al.Turnover of microbial groups and cell components in soil:13C analysis of cellular biomarkers.Biogeosciences,2017,14:271-283
[19]Plaza C,Hernandez D,Garcia-Gil JC,et al.Microbial activity in pig slurry-amended soils under semiarid conditions.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36:1577-1585
[20]Xia X(夏昕),Shi K(石坤),Huang Q-R(黄欠如),et al.The changes of microbial community structure in red paddy soil under long-term fertilization.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2015,52(3):697-705(in Chinese)
[21]Wang X-X(王辛辛),He H-B(何红波),Hu G-Q(胡国庆),et al.Effects of substrates on dynamics of amino sugars in two different stages of succession in forest soil.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(北京林业大学学报),2016,38(4):86-93(in Chinese)
[22]Zhou GY,Guan LL,Wei XH,et al.Litterfall production along successional and altitudinal gradients of subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forests in Guangdong,China.Plant Ecology,2007,188:77-89
[23]Wang M-J(王梦君),Liu W-D(刘万德),Xu C-H(徐崇华).Litter dynamic changes of community of monsoon broad-leaved evergreen forest in different restoration stages in southwest China.Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报),2014,34(2):372-378(in Chinese)
[24]Sa R-L(萨如拉),Gao J-L(高聚林),Yu X-F(于晓芳),et al.Screening of low temperature maize stalk decomposition microorganism.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2013,46(19):4082-4090(in Chinese)
[25]Wei Y-H(卫亚红),Liang J-F(梁军锋),Huang Y-M(黄懿梅),et al.Analysis of dominant microflora during livestock manure aerobic composting.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2007(11):242-248(in Chinese)
[26]Bernal MP,Alburquerque JA,Moral R.Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment:A review.Bioresource Technology,2009,100:5444-5453
[27]Six J,Frey SD,Thiet RK,et al.Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystem.Soil Science Society of American Journal,2006,70:555-569
[28]Zhang Y-W(张云伟),Xu Z(徐智),Tang L(汤利),et al.Effects of different organic fertilizers on the microbes in rhizospheric soil of flue-cured tobacco.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(9):2551-2556(in Chinese)
[29]Li H-M(李惠民),Cen J(岑剑),Wang B-L(王保莉),et al.RFLP analysis of bacterium community in paddy soil.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica(西北农业学报),2009,18(5):176-180(in Chinese)