栽培方式对金针菜产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响
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摘要
以金针菜中晚熟品种大乌嘴为材料,设置露天、地膜覆盖(1膜)、地膜+大棚膜(2膜)、地膜+大棚膜+拱棚膜(3膜)和日光温室共5种栽培方式,研究不同栽培方式对金针菜产量、品质形成和氮素累积分配的影响。结果表明,与露天栽培相比,1膜、2膜、3膜和温室处理增加了金针菜生长环境的空气温度、空气湿度和地温(增加效果表现为3膜>温室>2膜>1膜),分别诱导金针菜提早现蕾4～5 d、15～16 d、22～25 d和19～22 d。种植模式通过调控金针菜氮累积量的动态变化而影响产量。1膜处理下金针菜产量较低,现蕾较迟,氮累积动态特征值与露天处理差异较小。3膜处理下金针菜现蕾最早,但是产量和品质性状均较差,氮素快速累积的起始时间和终止时间最早,快速累积持续时间最短,干物质和氮在生殖器官中的分配比例较低,最终产量、氮肥偏生产力和氮素利用效率均较低。2膜和温室栽培处理下金针菜现蕾较早,产量较高,品质较优,干物质和氮素在生殖器官中的分配比例较高,氮累积量动态特征参数比较协调,氮肥偏生产力和氮素利用效率较高,为最优种植模式。
Using daylily cultivar Dawuzui as material,five cultivation patterns( L: open field cultivation; 1 M: plastic film mulching; 2 M: mulch film+ greenhouse film; 3 M: mulch film+greenhouse film+arch shed film; W: solar greenhouse)were set to study the effect of cultivation patterns on daylily( Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) yield,quality and nitrogen uptake and utilization. The results showed that,compared to open field cultivation,treatments of 1 M,2 M,3 M and W increased the air temperature,air humidity and ground temperature in the growth environment of daylily( the increase effect was 3 M>W>2 M>1 M),thus promoted earlier budding 4-5 d,15-16 d,22-25 d and 19-22 d,respectively. Cultivation patterns could affect the yield by regulating the dynamic changes of the nitrogen accumulation amount of daylily plant. Compared to open field cultivation,1 M treatment induced lower production,later budding,less difference of dynamic characteristics of the nitrogen accumulation amount. 3 M treatment caused the earliest budding and beginning and ending time of rapid nitrogen accumulation,poorer yield and quality traits,the shortest duration of rapid accumulation,lower distribution proportion of dry matter and nitrogen in reproductive organs,thus induced lower yield,nitrogen partial factor productivity and production efficiency. 2 M and W treatments induced earlier budding,higher yield,excellent quality,higher distribution proportion of nitrogen and biomass in reproductive organs,more optimized characteristics of the nitrogen accumulation,higher nitrogen partial factor productivity and production efficiency.These results suggested that the 2 M and W treatments were the most optimal cultivation pattern.
Using daylily cultivar Dawuzui as material,five cultivation patterns( L: open field cultivation; 1 M: plastic film mulching; 2 M: mulch film+ greenhouse film; 3 M: mulch film+greenhouse film+arch shed film; W: solar greenhouse)were set to study the effect of cultivation patterns on daylily( Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) yield,quality and nitrogen uptake and utilization. The results showed that,compared to open field cultivation,treatments of 1 M,2 M,3 M and W increased the air temperature,air humidity and ground temperature in the growth environment of daylily( the increase effect was 3 M>W>2 M>1 M),thus promoted earlier budding 4-5 d,15-16 d,22-25 d and 19-22 d,respectively. Cultivation patterns could affect the yield by regulating the dynamic changes of the nitrogen accumulation amount of daylily plant. Compared to open field cultivation,1 M treatment induced lower production,later budding,less difference of dynamic characteristics of the nitrogen accumulation amount. 3 M treatment caused the earliest budding and beginning and ending time of rapid nitrogen accumulation,poorer yield and quality traits,the shortest duration of rapid accumulation,lower distribution proportion of dry matter and nitrogen in reproductive organs,thus induced lower yield,nitrogen partial factor productivity and production efficiency. 2 M and W treatments induced earlier budding,higher yield,excellent quality,higher distribution proportion of nitrogen and biomass in reproductive organs,more optimized characteristics of the nitrogen accumulation,higher nitrogen partial factor productivity and production efficiency.These results suggested that the 2 M and W treatments were the most optimal cultivation pattern.
引文
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[23]王鑫,王纪忠,赵碧英,等.梨树大棚栽培棚内外温湿度环境变化规律和物候期研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(1):201-206.
[24] CHALABI Z S,BAILEY B J,WILKINSON D J. A real-time opti-mal control algorithm for greenhouse heating[J]. Computers&E-lectronics in Agriculture,1996,15:1-13.
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[26] SEGUNER I,SHINA G,ALBRIGHT L D,et al. Optimal tempera-ture setpoints for greenhouse lettuce[J]. Journal of AgriculturalEngineering Research,1991,49:209-226.
[2]段金省,李宗龑,周忠文.保护地栽培对黄花菜生长发育的影响[J].中国农业气象,2008,29(2):184-187.
[3] WANG Y,JANZ B,ENGEDAL T,et al. Effect of irrigation regimesand nitrogen rates on water use efficiency and nitrogen uptake inmaize[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2016,179:271-276.
[4] NORDIN A,HMAN M. Formation and reduction of nitrogen ox-ide in a pilot scale fluidized bed biomass combustor[J]. BiologicalPsychology,2016,81:131-134.
[5]管正策,冯跃华,许桂玲,等.施氮量和机插密度对钵苗机插杂交籼稻C两优华占产量和氮素利用效率的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(8):1498-1504.
[6] OVERMAN A R,SANDERSON M A,J0NES R M. Logistic responseof Bermudagrass and Bunchgrass cultivars to applied nitrogen[J].Agronomy Journal,1993,85:541-545.
[7]张国伟,杨长琴,刘瑞显,等.施氮量对麦后直播棉钾素吸收利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3228-3236.
[8]孙向丽,张启翔.一品红生物量及对水分、养分吸收利用的变化规律[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1191-1200.
[9] MOHAMMADI A,OMID M. Economical analysis and relation be-tween energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber productionin Iran[J]. Applied Energy,2010,87:191-196.
[10]李红峥,曹红霞,郭莉杰,等.沟灌方式和灌水量对温室番茄综合品质与产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(21):4179-4191.
[11]梁称福,陈正法,李文祥,等.不同降湿处理对温室番茄作物生长及养分积累的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(2):79-81.
[12]裴孝伯,张福墁,王柳.不同光温环境对日光温室黄瓜氮磷钾吸收分配的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(12):1510-1513.
[13] ORTAS I,SARI N,AGDAS A,et al. Screening mycorrhiza spe-cies for plant growth,P and Zn uptake in pepper seedling grownunder greenhouse conditions[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2011,128:92-98.
[14]周玲玲,张黎杰,姜若勇.设施和露地栽培对金针菜产量和品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(3):105-108.
[15]李合生,孙群,赵世杰,等.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:66-218.
[16] KSOURI R,MEGDICHE W,DEBEZ A,et al. Salinity effects onpolyphenol content and antioxidant activities in leaves of the halo-phyte Cakile maritima[J]. Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2007,45:244-249.
[17]何书美,刘敬兰.茶叶中总黄酮含量测定方法的研究[J].分析化学,2007,35(9):1365-1368.
[18] LIU H,CAO J,JIANG W. Evaluation and comparison of vitaminC,phenolic compounds,antioxidant properties and metal chelatingactivity of pulp and peel from selected peach cultivars[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology,2015,63:1042-1048.
[19] AL-FAYYAD M,ALALI F,ALKOFAHI A,et al. Determination ofcolchicine content in Colchicum hierosolymitanum and Colchicumtunicatum under cultivation[J]. Natural Product Letters,2002,16:395-400.
[20]邹芳刚,张国伟,王友华,等.施氮量对滨海改良盐土棉花钾累积利用的影响[J].作物学报,2015,45(1):80-88.
[21]邹芳刚,郭文琦,王友华,等.施氮量对长江流域滨海盐土棉花氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1150-1158.
[22]李仁杰,朱世东,袁凌云,等.温室内地温变化规律及与气温的相关性[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(24):209-212.
[23]王鑫,王纪忠,赵碧英,等.梨树大棚栽培棚内外温湿度环境变化规律和物候期研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(1):201-206.
[24] CHALABI Z S,BAILEY B J,WILKINSON D J. A real-time opti-mal control algorithm for greenhouse heating[J]. Computers&E-lectronics in Agriculture,1996,15:1-13.
[25]戴剑锋,罗卫红,乔晓军,等.基于模型的温室加温控制目标优化系统研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):187-191.
[26] SEGUNER I,SHINA G,ALBRIGHT L D,et al. Optimal tempera-ture setpoints for greenhouse lettuce[J]. Journal of AgriculturalEngineering Research,1991,49:209-226.