昆虫肠道微生物分离培养策略及研究进展
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摘要
昆虫肠道作为一种特殊生境,生存着多种多样的共生微生物,并且肠道内的很多微生物与自然界其他生境的微生物种类显著不同。基于对纯培养微生物的研究,科学家们发现,肠道微生物与昆虫营养、生长发育及免疫等功能密切相关。因此,分离培养是发现微生物新种类、新基因和新功能的基础。然而,自然界可培养的微生物大约只占总数的1%。为了能够对更多的微生物进行分离和培养,近二十年来,微生物学家们发展了诸多新的培养技术和策略并利用它们从昆虫肠道分离出了很多新的难培养微生物。这些新的微生物种类极大地丰富了我们对肠道共生微生物生理作用与功能的认识。以此为基础,本文综述了昆虫肠道微生物分离培养的策略及研究进展,并对未来该领域的发展进行了展望。
Insects are the most diverse and abundant group of animals in nature. They are highly adaptive and play important roles in various ecological environments. As a special microbial niche, the intestinal tracts of insects offer habitats for diverse symbiotic microorganisms, many of which are different from those originated from the other environments. Studies based on pure cultures show that the symbiotic microbes are associated with insect nutrition, development and immunity, etc. Therefore, isolation pure cultures are the basis for the discovery of new microorganisms, new genes and new functions. However, up to now, only about 1% of microorganisms in nature are cultivable. To solve this problem, microbiologists have put great efforts to develop many new culture techniques and strategies during the past two decades. With the use of these new strategies, many uncultured microbes have been successfully isolated, which greatly enriched our understanding of the physiological functions of symbiotic microorganisms. In this paper we reviewed the latest advances of the novel strategies used for the cultivation of symbiotic microorganisms in insect guts, as well as the future perspective of this field.
Insects are the most diverse and abundant group of animals in nature. They are highly adaptive and play important roles in various ecological environments. As a special microbial niche, the intestinal tracts of insects offer habitats for diverse symbiotic microorganisms, many of which are different from those originated from the other environments. Studies based on pure cultures show that the symbiotic microbes are associated with insect nutrition, development and immunity, etc. Therefore, isolation pure cultures are the basis for the discovery of new microorganisms, new genes and new functions. However, up to now, only about 1% of microorganisms in nature are cultivable. To solve this problem, microbiologists have put great efforts to develop many new culture techniques and strategies during the past two decades. With the use of these new strategies, many uncultured microbes have been successfully isolated, which greatly enriched our understanding of the physiological functions of symbiotic microorganisms. In this paper we reviewed the latest advances of the novel strategies used for the cultivation of symbiotic microorganisms in insect guts, as well as the future perspective of this field.
引文
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[20]陈文.黑胸散白蚁肠道内可培养的好氧与兼性厌氧共生细菌的多样性研究及共生鞭毛虫的系统发育分析.华中师范大学博士学位论文,2011.
[21]Chen W,Wang B,Hong H,Yang H,Liu SJ.Deinococcus reticulitermitis sp.nov.,isolated from a termite gut.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2012,62(1):78-83.
[22]Fang H,Lv W,Huang Z,Liu SJ,Yang H.Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp.nov.,isolated from a termite gut.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2015,65(1):85-89.
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[26]Zhao Y,Wang Y,Li DH,Deng Y,Yang H.Chryseobacterium reticulitermitis sp.nov.,isolated from the gut of Reticulitermes aculabialis.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2017,67(6):1698-1702.
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[31]Liu XJ,Wang Y,Ren YC,Hui FL.Wickerhamiella brachini f.a.,sp.nov.,Wickerhamiella pterostichi f.a.,sp.nov.and Wickerhamiella qilinensis f.a.,sp.nov.,three yeast species isolated from insects.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2016,66(10):3995-4001.
[32]Wang Y,Ren YC,Zhang ZT,Ke T,Hui FL.Spathaspora allomyrinae sp.nov.,a D-xylose-fermenting yeast species isolated from a scarabeid beetle Allomyrina dichotoma.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2016,66(5):2008-2012.
[33]Ali SS,Wu J,Xie RR,Zhou F,Sun JZ,Huang M.Screening and characterizing of xylanolytic and xylose-fermenting yeasts isolated from the wood-feeding termite,Reticulitermes chinensis.PLo S ONE,2017,12(7):e0181141.
[34]Oberhardt MA,Zarecki R,Gronow S,Lang E,Klenk HP,Gophna U,Ruppin E.Harnessing the landscape of microbial culture media to predict new organism-media pairings.Nature Communications,2015,6:8493.
[35]Paul K,Nonoh JO,Mikulski L,Brune A.“Methanoplasmatales,”Thermoplasmatales-related archaea in termite guts and other environments,are the seventh order of methanogens.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(23):8245-8253.
[36]Shi Y,Huang Z,Han S,Fan S,Yang H.Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in the intestinal tract of termites from different lineages.Journal of Basic Microbiology,2015,55(8):1021-1028.
[37]Li DH,Xu R,Zhang KD,Zhu CM,Li FL,Yang H.Isolation and characterization of a cellulose-degrading bacterial consortium from the gut of Nasutitermes sp.Biotic Resources,2017,39(4):272-278.(in Chinese)李丹红,徐荣,张坤迪,朱崇梅,李福利,杨红.象白蚁肠道中一个纤维素降解菌群的分离和特性研究.生物资源,2017,39(4):272-278.
[38]Almeida LG,Moraes LAB,Trigo JR,Omoto C,C?nsoli FL.The gut microbiota of insecticide-resistant insects houses insecticide-degrading bacteria:A potential source for biotechnological Exploitation.PLo S ONE,2017,12(3):e0174754.
[39]Yang J,Yang Y,Wu WM,Zhao J,Jiang L.Evidence of polyethylene biodegradation by bacterial strains from the guts of plastic-eating waxworms.Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(23):13776-13784.
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[2]Brune A.Symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts.Nature Reviews Microbiology,2014,12(3):168-180.
[3]Cirimotich CM,Dong YM,Clayton AM,Sandiford SL,Souza-Neto JA,Mulenga M,Dimopoulos G.Natural microbe-mediated refractoriness to Plasmodium infection in Anopheles gambiae.Science,2011,332(6031):855-858.
[4]RappéMS,Giovannoni SJ.The uncultured microbial majority.Annual Review of Microbiology,2003,57:369-394.
[5]Wang BJ,Liu SJ.Perspectives on the cultivability of environmental microorganisms.Microbiology China,2013,40(1):6-17.(in Chinese)王保军,刘双江.环境微生物培养新技术的研究进展.微生物学通报,2013,40(1):6-17.
[6]Yuan ZH,Wang J,Yang WJ,Wu YY.Progress in cultivation research on soil microbes.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(6):1183-1191.(in Chinese)袁志辉,王健,杨文蛟,吴永尧.土壤微生物分离新技术的研究进展.土壤学报,2014,51(6):1183-1191.
[7]West SA,Diggle SP,Buckling A,Gardner A,Griffin AS.The social lives of microbes.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,2007,38:53-77.
[8]Engel P,Moran NA.The gut microbiota of insects-diversity in structure and function.FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2013,37(5):699-735.
[9]Lemke T,Stingl U,Egert M,Friedrich MW,Brune A.Physicochemical conditions and microbial activities in the highly alkaline gut of the humus-feeding larva of Pachnoda ephippiata(Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae).Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(11):6650-6658.
[10]Li DH,Wang Y,Yang H.Gut microbiome of wood-feeding termites.Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2017,57(6):876-884.(in Chinese)李丹红,王誉,杨红.高效降解木质纤维素的白蚁肠道微生物组.微生物学报,2017,57(6):876-884.
[11]Colman DR,Toolson EC,Takacs-Vesbach CD.Do diet and taxonomy influence insect gut bacterial communities?Molecular Ecology,2012,21(20):5124-5137.
[12]Brune A.Symbionts aiding digestion//Resh VH,CardéRT.Encyclopedia of Insects.New York:Academic Press,2003:1102-1107.
[13]Xiang H,Huang YP.Symbiosis between gut microbiota and insects.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2008,45(5):687-693.(in Chinese)相辉,黄勇平.肠道微生物与昆虫的共生关系.昆虫知识,2008,45(5):687-693.
[14]Fang X,Shen J,Wang YJ,Chen ZL,Zhu JY,Jin XB.Isolation and identification of endophytic actinomycetes from medical insects(Periplaneta americana).Journal of Pathogen Biology,2016,11(6):550-553,565.(in Chinese)方霞,沈娟,王影姣,陈至里,朱家勇,金小宝.药用昆虫美洲大蠊内生放线菌的分离和鉴定.中国病原生物学杂志,2016,11(6):550-553,565.
[15]Schut F,de Vries EJ,Gottschal JC,Robertson BR,Harder W,Prins RA,Button DK.Isolation of typical marine bacteria by dilution culture:growth,maintenance,and characteristics of isolates under laboratory conditions.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(7):2150-2160.
[16]Cho JC,Giovannoni SJ.Cultivation and growth characteristics of a diverse group of oligotrophic marine Gammaproteobacteria.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(1):432-440.
[17]Brune A,Miambi E,Breznak JA.Roles of oxygen and the intestinal microflora in the metabolism of lignin-derived phenylpropanoids and other monoaromatic compounds by termites.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1995,61(7):2688-2695.
[18]Reasoner DJ,Geldreich EE.A new medium for the enumeration and subculture of bacteria from potable water.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1985,49(1):1-7.
[19]Tian ZH,Hui LF,Ke T,Kan YC,Wen ZZ.Molecular analysis of the bacteria community composition in silkworm midgut.Science of Sericulture,2007,33(4):592-595.(in Chinese).田贞华,惠立丰,柯涛,阚云超,文桢中.家蚕肠道细菌种群结构分析.蚕业科学,2007,33(4):592-595.
[20]陈文.黑胸散白蚁肠道内可培养的好氧与兼性厌氧共生细菌的多样性研究及共生鞭毛虫的系统发育分析.华中师范大学博士学位论文,2011.
[21]Chen W,Wang B,Hong H,Yang H,Liu SJ.Deinococcus reticulitermitis sp.nov.,isolated from a termite gut.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2012,62(1):78-83.
[22]Fang H,Lv W,Huang Z,Liu SJ,Yang H.Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis sp.nov.,isolated from a termite gut.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2015,65(1):85-89.
[23]Fang H,Chen W,Wang BJ,Li XJ,Liu SJ,Yang H.Cultivation and characterization of symbiotic bacteria from the gut of Reticulitermes chinensis.Applied Environmental Biotechnology,2016,1(1):3-12.
[24]Yang SY,Zheng Y,Huang Z,Wang XM,Yang H.Lactococcus nasutitermitis sp.nov.isolated from a termite gut.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2016,66(1):518-522.
[25]Wang XM,Ma SC,Yang SY,Peng R,Zheng Y,Yang H.Paenibacillus nasutitermitis sp.nov.,isolated from a termite gut.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2016,66(2):901-905.
[26]Zhao Y,Wang Y,Li DH,Deng Y,Yang H.Chryseobacterium reticulitermitis sp.nov.,isolated from the gut of Reticulitermes aculabialis.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2017,67(6):1698-1702.
[27]Hethener P,Brauman A,Garcia JL.Clostridium termitidis sp.nov.,a cellulolytic bacterium from the gut of the wood-feeding termite,Nasutitermes lujae.Systematic and Applied Microbiology,1992,15(1):52-58.
[28]Manfredi AP,Perotti NI,Martínez MA.Cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from industrial samples and the gut of native insects from Northwest of Argentina.Journal of Basic Microbiology,2015,55(12):1384-1393.
[29]Hui FL,Chen L,Chu XY,Niu QH,Ke T.Wickerhamomyces mori sp.nov.,an anamorphic yeast species found in the guts of wood-boring insect larvae.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2013,63(3):1174-1178.
[30]Ren YC,Xu LL,Zhang L,Hui FL.Candida baotianmanensis sp.nov.and Candida pseudoviswanathii sp.nov.,two ascosporic yeast species isolated from the gut of beetles.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2015,65(10):3580-3585.
[31]Liu XJ,Wang Y,Ren YC,Hui FL.Wickerhamiella brachini f.a.,sp.nov.,Wickerhamiella pterostichi f.a.,sp.nov.and Wickerhamiella qilinensis f.a.,sp.nov.,three yeast species isolated from insects.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2016,66(10):3995-4001.
[32]Wang Y,Ren YC,Zhang ZT,Ke T,Hui FL.Spathaspora allomyrinae sp.nov.,a D-xylose-fermenting yeast species isolated from a scarabeid beetle Allomyrina dichotoma.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2016,66(5):2008-2012.
[33]Ali SS,Wu J,Xie RR,Zhou F,Sun JZ,Huang M.Screening and characterizing of xylanolytic and xylose-fermenting yeasts isolated from the wood-feeding termite,Reticulitermes chinensis.PLo S ONE,2017,12(7):e0181141.
[34]Oberhardt MA,Zarecki R,Gronow S,Lang E,Klenk HP,Gophna U,Ruppin E.Harnessing the landscape of microbial culture media to predict new organism-media pairings.Nature Communications,2015,6:8493.
[35]Paul K,Nonoh JO,Mikulski L,Brune A.“Methanoplasmatales,”Thermoplasmatales-related archaea in termite guts and other environments,are the seventh order of methanogens.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(23):8245-8253.
[36]Shi Y,Huang Z,Han S,Fan S,Yang H.Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in the intestinal tract of termites from different lineages.Journal of Basic Microbiology,2015,55(8):1021-1028.
[37]Li DH,Xu R,Zhang KD,Zhu CM,Li FL,Yang H.Isolation and characterization of a cellulose-degrading bacterial consortium from the gut of Nasutitermes sp.Biotic Resources,2017,39(4):272-278.(in Chinese)李丹红,徐荣,张坤迪,朱崇梅,李福利,杨红.象白蚁肠道中一个纤维素降解菌群的分离和特性研究.生物资源,2017,39(4):272-278.
[38]Almeida LG,Moraes LAB,Trigo JR,Omoto C,C?nsoli FL.The gut microbiota of insecticide-resistant insects houses insecticide-degrading bacteria:A potential source for biotechnological Exploitation.PLo S ONE,2017,12(3):e0174754.
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