触变注射成形法制备石墨烯纳米片增强镁基复合材料
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摘要
采用触变注射成形的方法制备了石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)增强AZ91D镁基复合材料,利用OM、SEM、EDS、TEM和XRD研究了GNPs含量(0.3%、0.6%、0.9%,质量分数)对镁基复合材料微观组织的影响,并进行了力学性能测试。结果表明,GNPs在基体中呈条状均匀分布,与基体结合良好,GNPs的加入能够细化晶粒尺寸和减少孔隙。与AZ91D镁合金基体相比,GNPs的添加明显提高了复合材料的强度和硬度,当GNPs的含量为0.6%时,复合材料的力学性能最好,硬度和抗拉强度分别达到92.3 HV和245 MPa。
As a new type of carbon material reinforcement, graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) have excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. Adding GNPs with a large specific surface area to the magnesium matrix can significantly improve the mechanical properties, the thermal and electrical properties of the magnesium matrix. However, so far, few reports focused on GNPs reinforced magnesium matrix composites, especially for lack of feasible fabrication technologies. Thus, in the present work, a new method for fabricating GNPs reinforced magnesium matrix composites is presented. First,the GNPs were dispersed by ultrasonic dispersion. Subsequently, the AZ91D magnesium alloy particles and the uniformly dispersed GNPs were mixed in a V-type powder mixer. Finally, GNPs reinforced magnesium matrix composites were prepared by semi-solid thixomolding. The effects of GNPs contents(0.3%,0.6%, 0.9%, mass fraction) on the microstructure and properties of magnesium matrix composites were studied. The results show that the GNPs were uniformly distributed in the matrix, which were well combined with the matrix, and the addition of GNPs could refine the grain size and reduce porosity. Compared with AZ91D magnesium alloy, the addition of GNPs improved the tensile strength and hardness of the material. When the content of GNPs was 0.6%, the mechanical properties of the composites were the best, and the hardness and tensile strength reach up to 92.3 HV and 245 MPa.
As a new type of carbon material reinforcement, graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) have excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. Adding GNPs with a large specific surface area to the magnesium matrix can significantly improve the mechanical properties, the thermal and electrical properties of the magnesium matrix. However, so far, few reports focused on GNPs reinforced magnesium matrix composites, especially for lack of feasible fabrication technologies. Thus, in the present work, a new method for fabricating GNPs reinforced magnesium matrix composites is presented. First,the GNPs were dispersed by ultrasonic dispersion. Subsequently, the AZ91D magnesium alloy particles and the uniformly dispersed GNPs were mixed in a V-type powder mixer. Finally, GNPs reinforced magnesium matrix composites were prepared by semi-solid thixomolding. The effects of GNPs contents(0.3%,0.6%, 0.9%, mass fraction) on the microstructure and properties of magnesium matrix composites were studied. The results show that the GNPs were uniformly distributed in the matrix, which were well combined with the matrix, and the addition of GNPs could refine the grain size and reduce porosity. Compared with AZ91D magnesium alloy, the addition of GNPs improved the tensile strength and hardness of the material. When the content of GNPs was 0.6%, the mechanical properties of the composites were the best, and the hardness and tensile strength reach up to 92.3 HV and 245 MPa.
引文
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[26]Li M,Gao H Y,Liang J M,et al.Microstructure evolution and properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced aluminum matrix composites[J].Mater.Charact.,2018,140:172
[27]Rashad M,Pan F S,Tang A T,et al.Powder metallurgy of Mg-1%Al-1%Sn alloy reinforced with low content of graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)[J].J.Ind.Eng.Chem.,2014,20:4250
[28]Xiang S L,Gupta M,Wang X J,et al.Enhanced overall strength and ductility of magnesium matrix composites by low content of graphene nanoplatelets[J].Composites,2017,100A:183
[29]Seretis G V,Kouzilos G,Polyzou A K,et al.Effect of graphene nanoplatelets fillers on mechanical properties and microstructure of cast aluminum matrix composites[J].Nano Hybr.Compos.,2017,15:26
[30]Qu X N.Study on microstructure and properties of AZ31 magnesium matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes and graphenes[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017(屈晓妮.碳纳米管和石墨烯增强AZ31镁基复合材料的组织和性能研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017)
[31]Nieto A,Bisht A,Lahiri D,et al.Graphene reinforced metal and ceramic matrix composites:A review[J].Int.Mater.Rev.,2016,62:241
[32]Rafiee M A,Rafiee J,Wang Z,et al.Enhanced mechanical properties of nanocomposites at low graphene content[J].ACS Nano,2009,3:3884
[33]Xiang S L,Wang X J,Gupta M,et al.Graphene nanoplatelets induced heterogeneous bimodal structural magnesium matrix composites with enhanced mechanical properties[J].Sci.Rep.,2016,6:38824
[34]Luo H.Research on the microstructure and properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced aluminum matrix composites[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015(罗昊.石墨烯微片增强铝基复合材料组织与性能的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015)
[2]Feng Y,Chen C,Peng C Q,et al.Research progress on magnesium matrix composites[J].Chin.J.Nonferrous Met.,2017,27:2385)(冯艳,陈超,彭超群等.镁基复合材料的研究进展[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27:2385)
[3]Novoselov K S,Geim A,Morozov S V,et al.Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J].Science,2004,306:666
[4]Li M X,Zhao Y H,Chen L W,et al.Research progress on preparation technology of graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composites[J].Mater.Res.Express,2019,6:032002
[5]Leopold C,Liebig W V,Wittich H,et al.Size effect of graphene nanoparticle modified epoxy matrix[J].Compos.Sci.Technol.,2016,134:217
[6]Li D S,Wu W Z,Qin Q H,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of graphene/Al composites[J].Chin.J.Nonferrous Met.,2015,25:1498(李多生,吴文政,Qin Q H,et al.石墨烯/Al复合材料的微观结构及力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25:1498)
[7]Hu Z,Tong G,Lin D,et al.Graphene-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites-A review[J].Mater.Sci.Technol.,2016,32:930
[8]Kumar H G P,Xavior M A.Graphene reinforced metal matrix composite(GRMMC):A review[J].Proc.Eng.,2014,97:1033
[9]Chen L Y,Konishi H,Fehrenbacher A,et al.Novel nanoprocessing route for bulk graphene nanoplatelets reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites[J].Scr.Mater.,2012,67:29
[10]Wu L Q,Wu R Z,Hou L G,et al.Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear performance of AZ31 matrix composites reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2018,750:530
[11]Rashad M,Pan F S,Zhang J Y,et al.Use of high energy ball milling to study the role of graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes reinforced magnesium alloy[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2015,646:223
[12]Du X,Du W B,Wang Z H,et al.Ultra-high strengthening efficiency of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced magnesium matrix composites[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2018,A711:633
[13]Rashad M,Pan F S,Tang A T,et al.Synergetic effect of graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)and multi-walled carbon nanotube(MW-CNTs)on mechanical properties of pure magnesium[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2014,603:111
[14]Ha H W,Choudhury A,Kamal T,et al.Effect of chemical modification of graphene on mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties of polyimide/graphene nanocomposites[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2012,4:4623
[15]Rashad M,Pan F S,Asif M.Exploring mechanical behavior of Mg-6Zn alloy reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2016,A649:263
[16]Cui X P.The research on the microstructure and process of thixomolding AZ91D magnesium Alloy[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2006(崔晓鹏.AZ91D镁合金半固态触变注射组织与工艺研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006)
[17]Patel H A,Chen D L,Bhole S D,et al.Microstructure and tensile properties of thixomolded magnesium alloys[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2010,496:140
[18]Cheng P,Zhao Y H,Lu R P,et al.Effect of Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2017,A708:482
[19]Mansoor B,Mukherjee S,Ghosh A,et al.Microstructure and porosity in thixomolded Mg alloys and minimizing adverse effects on formability[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2009,A512:10
[20]Chen L W,Zhao Y H,Yan F,et al.Statistical investigations of serpentine channel pouring process parameters on semi-solid ZL101aluminum alloy slurry using response surface methodology[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2017,725:673
[21]Hashimoto Y,Hino M,Mitooka Y,et al.Effects of fixing carbon nanoparticle to AZ91D magnesium alloy chip surface on thixomold forming[J].Mater.Trans.,2016,57:183
[22]Chen L W,Zhao Y H,Hou H,et al.Development of AZ91D magnesium alloy-graphene nanoplatelets composites using thixomolding process[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2019,778:359
[23]Rashad M,Pan F S,Tang A T,et al.Effect of graphene nanoplatelets addition on mechanical properties of pure aluminum using a semi-powder method[J].Prog.Nat.Sci.,2014,24:101
[24]Arsenault R J,Shi N.Dislocation generation due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,1986,81:175
[25]Yuan Q H,Zhou G H,Liao L,et al.Interfacial structure in AZ91alloy composites reinforced by graphene nanosheets[J].Carbon,2018,127:177
[26]Li M,Gao H Y,Liang J M,et al.Microstructure evolution and properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced aluminum matrix composites[J].Mater.Charact.,2018,140:172
[27]Rashad M,Pan F S,Tang A T,et al.Powder metallurgy of Mg-1%Al-1%Sn alloy reinforced with low content of graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)[J].J.Ind.Eng.Chem.,2014,20:4250
[28]Xiang S L,Gupta M,Wang X J,et al.Enhanced overall strength and ductility of magnesium matrix composites by low content of graphene nanoplatelets[J].Composites,2017,100A:183
[29]Seretis G V,Kouzilos G,Polyzou A K,et al.Effect of graphene nanoplatelets fillers on mechanical properties and microstructure of cast aluminum matrix composites[J].Nano Hybr.Compos.,2017,15:26
[30]Qu X N.Study on microstructure and properties of AZ31 magnesium matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes and graphenes[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017(屈晓妮.碳纳米管和石墨烯增强AZ31镁基复合材料的组织和性能研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017)
[31]Nieto A,Bisht A,Lahiri D,et al.Graphene reinforced metal and ceramic matrix composites:A review[J].Int.Mater.Rev.,2016,62:241
[32]Rafiee M A,Rafiee J,Wang Z,et al.Enhanced mechanical properties of nanocomposites at low graphene content[J].ACS Nano,2009,3:3884
[33]Xiang S L,Wang X J,Gupta M,et al.Graphene nanoplatelets induced heterogeneous bimodal structural magnesium matrix composites with enhanced mechanical properties[J].Sci.Rep.,2016,6:38824
[34]Luo H.Research on the microstructure and properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced aluminum matrix composites[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015(罗昊.石墨烯微片增强铝基复合材料组织与性能的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015)