从涨退水看鄱阳湖水位-湖面面积关系
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摘要
鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,鄱阳湖水位-面积关系对研究鄱阳湖生态环境的变化具有重要意义。目前研究所建立的鄱阳湖水位-面积关系各异,存在一定的不确定性,其原因在于忽略了涨退水对鄱阳湖水位与面积的影响。在考虑鄱阳湖涨水与退水过程的基础上,利用鄱阳湖2000～2014年实测水位数据与对应的遥感影像数据,分析了鄱阳湖同一水位出现多个水面面积情况下湖泊不同面积的空间分布及其成因,并对鄱阳湖水面面积与水位关系的不确定性进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖水面面积与水位关系存在不确定性,主要受鄱阳湖涨水与退水过程中鄱阳湖水面比降不同的影响;(2)在同一水位条件下,涨水过程中鄱阳湖水面面积往往大于退水过程的水面面积,同时水面面积的增减变化与涨水退水的幅度变化趋势呈一致性;(3)涨水与退水过程对鄱阳湖水位与面积的影响主要表现在中低水位,随着水位增长到高水位时,这种影响会越来越小。
Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. The relationship between the water level and the area of the Poyang Lake is of great significance in studying the changes of the ecological environment in the Poyang Lake. At present, the research on the relationship between Poyang Lake water level and area is different, and there are some uncertainties with ignoring the influence of water fluctuating on the water level and area of the Poyang Lake. Based on the consideration of water fluctuating,this paper analyzed the spatial distribution and causes of different areas of lakes under the condition of multiple surface areas of the same water level in the Poyang Lake, and studied the uncertainty of the relationship between the surface area and water level by using the measured level data of the Poyang Lake during 2000-2014 and the corresponding remote sensing image data. The results show that:(1) The relationship between the surface area and water level in the Poyang Lake is uncertain, which is mainly affected by the different water surface slope in the water fluctuating process in the Poyang Lake;(2) Under the same water level, the surface area of the Poyang Lake in the water rising process is often larger than that in the water falling process, and the changes on the variation of water surface area are consistent with those of the water fluctuating range;(3) The effects of water rising and water falling processes on the water level and area of the Poyang Lake are mainly at the low and middle water level. The water level rises with less impacts.
Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. The relationship between the water level and the area of the Poyang Lake is of great significance in studying the changes of the ecological environment in the Poyang Lake. At present, the research on the relationship between Poyang Lake water level and area is different, and there are some uncertainties with ignoring the influence of water fluctuating on the water level and area of the Poyang Lake. Based on the consideration of water fluctuating,this paper analyzed the spatial distribution and causes of different areas of lakes under the condition of multiple surface areas of the same water level in the Poyang Lake, and studied the uncertainty of the relationship between the surface area and water level by using the measured level data of the Poyang Lake during 2000-2014 and the corresponding remote sensing image data. The results show that:(1) The relationship between the surface area and water level in the Poyang Lake is uncertain, which is mainly affected by the different water surface slope in the water fluctuating process in the Poyang Lake;(2) Under the same water level, the surface area of the Poyang Lake in the water rising process is often larger than that in the water falling process, and the changes on the variation of water surface area are consistent with those of the water fluctuating range;(3) The effects of water rising and water falling processes on the water level and area of the Poyang Lake are mainly at the low and middle water level. The water level rises with less impacts.
引文
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[7]赖格英,张志勇,王鹏,等.拟建鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程对长江干流流量影响的模拟[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(3):521-533.(LAI Geyin, ZHANG Zhiyong, WANG Peng, et al. Simulation of impacts of Poyang Lake hydraulic project on the flow of the Yangtze River using an EFDC model[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2017,29(3):521-533.(in Chinese))
[8]谭国良,郭生练,王俊,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区水文水资源演变规律研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013(TAN Guoliang GUO Shenglian,WANG Jun, et al. Study on Evolution Law of Hydrology and Water Resources in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone[M]. Beijing:China Waterpower Press, 2013.(in Chinese))
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[10]郭华,张奇.近50年来长江与鄱阳湖水文相互作用的变化[J].地理学报,2011,66(5):609-618.(GUO Hua, ZHANG Qi. Changes in hydrological interactions of the Yangtze River and the Poyang Lake in China during 1957-2008[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(5):609-618.(in Chinese))
[11]汪丹,王点,齐述华.鄱阳湖水位-淹水面积关系不确定性的分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(Z1):95-102.(WANG Dan, WANG Dian, QI Shuhua. Analysis of the relationship between water leveland natural water surface in Poyang Lake[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2016,25(Z1):95-102.(in Chinese))
[12]尹宗贤,张俊才.鄱阳湖水文特征(Ⅱ)[J].海洋与湖沼,1987,18(2):208-214.(YIN Zongxian, ZHANG Juncai. The hydrological features of Poyang lake(Ⅱ)[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1987,18(2):208-214.(in Chinese))
[13]熊道光.鄱阳湖湖流特性分析与研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(3):200-207.(XIONG Daoguang. Analyses of the current of Poyang Lake[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1991,22(3):200-207.(in Chinese))
[14]唐玥,谢永宏,李峰,等.1989-2011年东洞庭湖草洲出露面积变化及其与水位响应的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3229-3236.(TANG Yue, XIE Yonghong, LI Feng, et al. Area changes of emergent herbaceous wetlands in relation to water level in east Dongting Lake, China in 1989-2011[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013,24(11):3229-3236.(in Chinese))
[15]刘东,李艳.基于遥感技术的鄱阳湖面积库容估算[J].遥感信息,2012,(2):57-61.(LIU Dong, Li Yan. The calculation of area and storage of Poyang Lake based on remote sensing technology[J].Remote Sensing Information, 2012,(2):57-61.(in Chinese))
[2]李辉,李长安,张利华,等.基于MODIS影像的鄱阳湖湖面积与水位关系研究[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(2):332-337.(LI Hui,LI Changan, ZHANG Lihua, et al. Relationship between water level and water area in Poyang Lake based on MODIS image[J].Quaternary Sciences, 2008,28(2):332-337.(in Chinese))
[3]刘芳,张新,樊建勇,等.鄱阳湖水域面积与湖口水位关系模型的改进[J].气象与减灾研究,2011,34(4):45-49.(LIU Fang, ZHANG Xin, FAN Jianyong,et al. The improvement of water covering model of Poyang Lake[J]. Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research,2011,34(4):45-49.(in Chinese))
[4]张楠楠,王文,王胤.鄱阳湖面积的卫星遥感估计及其与水位关系分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(6):947-953.(ZHANG Nannan,WANG Wen, WANG Yin.Estimate the area of the Poyang Lake using satellite remote sensing data and analyze its relationship with water level[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2012,27(6):947-953.(in Chinese))
[5]李鹏,封志明,姜鲁光,等.鄱阳湖天然湖面遥感监测及其与水位关系研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(9):1556-1568.(LI Peng, FENG Zhiming, JIANG Luguang, et al. Natural water surface of Poyang Lake monitoring based on remote sensing and the relationship with water level[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013,28(9):1556-1568.(in Chinese))
[6]马逸麟,熊彩云,易文萍.鄱阳湖泥沙淤积特征及发展趋势[J].资源调查与环境,2003,24(1):29-37.(MA Yilin,XIONG Caiyun,YI Wenping. Sedimentary characteristics and developing trend of sediments in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi province[J]. Resources Survey&Environment, 2003,24(1):29-37.(in Chinese))
[7]赖格英,张志勇,王鹏,等.拟建鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程对长江干流流量影响的模拟[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(3):521-533.(LAI Geyin, ZHANG Zhiyong, WANG Peng, et al. Simulation of impacts of Poyang Lake hydraulic project on the flow of the Yangtze River using an EFDC model[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2017,29(3):521-533.(in Chinese))
[8]谭国良,郭生练,王俊,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区水文水资源演变规律研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013(TAN Guoliang GUO Shenglian,WANG Jun, et al. Study on Evolution Law of Hydrology and Water Resources in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone[M]. Beijing:China Waterpower Press, 2013.(in Chinese))
[9] Hua Guo, Qi Hu, Qi Zhang, et al. Effects of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River flow and river interaction with Poyang Lake,China:2003-2008[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012,416:19-27.
[10]郭华,张奇.近50年来长江与鄱阳湖水文相互作用的变化[J].地理学报,2011,66(5):609-618.(GUO Hua, ZHANG Qi. Changes in hydrological interactions of the Yangtze River and the Poyang Lake in China during 1957-2008[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(5):609-618.(in Chinese))
[11]汪丹,王点,齐述华.鄱阳湖水位-淹水面积关系不确定性的分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(Z1):95-102.(WANG Dan, WANG Dian, QI Shuhua. Analysis of the relationship between water leveland natural water surface in Poyang Lake[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2016,25(Z1):95-102.(in Chinese))
[12]尹宗贤,张俊才.鄱阳湖水文特征(Ⅱ)[J].海洋与湖沼,1987,18(2):208-214.(YIN Zongxian, ZHANG Juncai. The hydrological features of Poyang lake(Ⅱ)[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1987,18(2):208-214.(in Chinese))
[13]熊道光.鄱阳湖湖流特性分析与研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(3):200-207.(XIONG Daoguang. Analyses of the current of Poyang Lake[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1991,22(3):200-207.(in Chinese))
[14]唐玥,谢永宏,李峰,等.1989-2011年东洞庭湖草洲出露面积变化及其与水位响应的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3229-3236.(TANG Yue, XIE Yonghong, LI Feng, et al. Area changes of emergent herbaceous wetlands in relation to water level in east Dongting Lake, China in 1989-2011[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013,24(11):3229-3236.(in Chinese))
[15]刘东,李艳.基于遥感技术的鄱阳湖面积库容估算[J].遥感信息,2012,(2):57-61.(LIU Dong, Li Yan. The calculation of area and storage of Poyang Lake based on remote sensing technology[J].Remote Sensing Information, 2012,(2):57-61.(in Chinese))