东海陆架盆地大春晓油气田成藏动力学特征及成藏模式
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摘要
油气成藏动力学是动力学研究的前沿,大春晓油气田成藏动力学是东海陆架盆地油气成藏特征研究的热点,也是长期研究薄弱环节。通过井震解释和数值模拟,分析了大春晓油气田成藏动力学三大能量场:温度场、压力场和应力场的成藏动力学要素特征。研究表明区内具有地温梯度高特点,达36～40℃/km,且发现60个岩浆侵入岩,导致局部增温作用促进油气成藏;烃源岩热成熟度不一致性明显,数值模拟结果表明,早期大春晓地区东北部和东南部成熟度高,其中,天外天构造和春晓-断桥构造烃源岩成熟时间最晩,大春晓构造烃源岩晚成熟;早、中期NNE向拉张应力场产生拉张正断层,有利于油气运移和保存;晩期NWW向张剪性应力场所形成平移断层有利于油气保存。区内发育典型超压并存在大型超压囊,提出了超压-压力囊模式,超压与断裂体系促进了油气运移。采用数值模拟技术阐述油气运移的时代、过程与结果。通过大春晓油气田含油气系统关键时刻和事件、成藏动力学机制与过程综合分析,建立了大春晓油气田成藏动力学模式和成藏模式。
The research on the dynamics of hydrocarbon accumulation is a frontier of kinetics research. The study on the dynamics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the large Chunxiao oil and gas field is also a hot topic,but a bottleneck as well,in the study of hydrocarbon accumulation features in the East China Sea Shelf Basin for a long time. Through well-toseismic tie interpretation and numerical simulation,we concluded three energy fields supporting the accumulation in the oil and gas field,including temperature field,pressure field and stress field,the dynamic elements of which were analyzed as well. It's pointed out that the study area is characterized by high geothermal gradient,up to 36 ～ 40 ℃/km,and 60 magmatic intrusive rocks are found therein,leading to the promotion of hydrocarbon accumulation by locally increasing temperature. The thermal maturity of source rocks is significantly inconsistent. The results of numerical simulation show that the maturity is high in degreein northeast and southeast of large Chunxiao area; the Tianwaitian and Chunxiao-Duanqiao structures come to the last in terms of the maturity of their source rocks,and the large Chunxiao structure is also late in this aspect; the NNE-trending tension stress field in the early and middle stages produces tensile normal faults,which are conducive to hydrocarbon migration and preservation. In the later period,the NWW-trending tension-shear stress field forms translational faults,which are also favorable for hydrocarbon preservation. Typical overpressure is developed and a large overpressure sac exists in the area,and an overpressure-pressure sac model is proposed to demonstrate the effect of overpressure and fracture systems on promoting hydrocarbon migration. In addition,the numerical simulation method is used to reveal the era,process and results of hydrocarbon migration. The key moment and events,and dynamic mechanism and process of hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area are integratedly analyzed,leading to the establishment of the dynamic model of hydrocarbon accumulation in large Chunxiao oil and gas field as well as its accumulation model.
The research on the dynamics of hydrocarbon accumulation is a frontier of kinetics research. The study on the dynamics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the large Chunxiao oil and gas field is also a hot topic,but a bottleneck as well,in the study of hydrocarbon accumulation features in the East China Sea Shelf Basin for a long time. Through well-toseismic tie interpretation and numerical simulation,we concluded three energy fields supporting the accumulation in the oil and gas field,including temperature field,pressure field and stress field,the dynamic elements of which were analyzed as well. It's pointed out that the study area is characterized by high geothermal gradient,up to 36 ～ 40 ℃/km,and 60 magmatic intrusive rocks are found therein,leading to the promotion of hydrocarbon accumulation by locally increasing temperature. The thermal maturity of source rocks is significantly inconsistent. The results of numerical simulation show that the maturity is high in degreein northeast and southeast of large Chunxiao area; the Tianwaitian and Chunxiao-Duanqiao structures come to the last in terms of the maturity of their source rocks,and the large Chunxiao structure is also late in this aspect; the NNE-trending tension stress field in the early and middle stages produces tensile normal faults,which are conducive to hydrocarbon migration and preservation. In the later period,the NWW-trending tension-shear stress field forms translational faults,which are also favorable for hydrocarbon preservation. Typical overpressure is developed and a large overpressure sac exists in the area,and an overpressure-pressure sac model is proposed to demonstrate the effect of overpressure and fracture systems on promoting hydrocarbon migration. In addition,the numerical simulation method is used to reveal the era,process and results of hydrocarbon migration. The key moment and events,and dynamic mechanism and process of hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area are integratedly analyzed,leading to the establishment of the dynamic model of hydrocarbon accumulation in large Chunxiao oil and gas field as well as its accumulation model.
引文
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[14]杨传胜,杨长清,杨艳秋,等.东海陆架盆地中生界残留分布特征及其大地构造意义[J].中国海洋大学学报,2017,47(11):86-95.Yang Chuansheng,Yang Changqing,Yang Yanqiu,et al. Residue distribution characteristics and tectonic significance of the Mesozoic in the East China Sea Shelf Basin[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China,2017,47(11):86-95.
[15]杨传胜,杨长清,张剑,等.东海陆架盆地中生界构造样式及其动力学成因探讨[J].海洋通报,2017,36(4):431-439.Yang Chuansheng,Yang Changqing,Zhang Jian,et al. Mesozoic tectonic styles and their dynamics in the East China Sea Shelf Basin[J]. Marine Bulletin,2017,36(4):431-439.
[16]陈琳琳,向昱.西湖凹陷油气成藏史分析[J].海洋石油,2009,29(3):1-6.Chen Linlin,Xiang Yu. Play evolution analysis of Xihu Sag[J]. Oceanic Petroleum,2009,29(3):1-6.
[17]项圣根.东海西湖凹陷春晓构造油气储层特征[J].海洋石油,2001,21(7):21-25.Xiang Shenggen. Characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs in the Chunxiao Formation in Xihu Sag,East China Sea[J]. Oceanic Petroleum,2001,21(7):21-25.
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[19]汪蕴璞.西湖凹陷油气运聚成藏的水文地质论证[J].中国海上油气,1997,11(5):305-312.Wang Yunqi. Hydrogeological verification of hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation in Xihu sag[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,1997,11(5):305-312.
[20]白洁,胡佳庆,王建红.东海西湖凹陷春晓构造各井区含油气性特征[J].上海地质,2002,83(3):27-31.Bai Jie Hu Jia Qing Wang Jian Hong. Syntheitcialy analyzing hydrocarbon bearing character of Well-sections in CHX structure of Xihu Trough,the East China Sea[J]. Shanghaie Gology,2002,83(3):27-31.
[21]王丽顺.西湖凹陷苏堤构造带含油气条件分析[J].中国海上油气,2000,14(6):392-397.Wang Lishun,Analysis of hydrocarbon conditions in Sudi structural belt of Xihu depression[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,2000,14(6):392-397.
[22]李纯洁,李上卿,许红.西湖凹陷中—下始新统宝石组油气地质与勘探潜力[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(4):81-87.Li Chunjie,Li Shangqing,Xu Hong. Petroleum geology and exploration potential of the Middle-Lower eocene gems formation in Xihu depression[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2004,24(4):81-87.
[2]高伟中,孙鹏.东海盆地西湖凹陷地应力场与油气运移关系探讨[J].油气藏评价与开发,2015,5(1):1-6.Gao Weizhong,Sun Peng. Discussion on the relationship between geostress field and hydrocarbon migration in Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2015,5(1):1-6.
[3]周海廷,姜效典.西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带花港组异常压力预测[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(3):80-86.Zhou Haiting,Jiang Xiaodian. Abnormal pressure prediction of Huagang formation in Pinghu slope of Xihu Sag[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China(Science&Technology Edition),2017,47(3):80-86.
[4]苏奥,杜江民.东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖构造带超压系统与油气成藏[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(3):742-750.Su Ao,Du Jiangmin. Overpressure system and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Pinghu structural belt of the Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,48(3):742-750.
[5]陈智远,徐志星.异常高压与油气充注的耦合性——以东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷花港组和平湖组为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(2):186-194.Chen Zhiyuan,Xu Zhixing. Coupling of abnormal high pressure and hydrocarbon charging:A case from the Huagang Formation and the Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experience,2017,39(2):186-194.
[6] Kingston D R,Dishroon C P,Williams P A. Global basin classification system[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1983,683(683):295–301.
[7] Dickinson W R. Basin geodynamics[J]. Basin Research,1993,5(4):195-196.
[8]李思田.盆地动力学与能源资源——世纪之交的回顾与展望[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):1-9.Li Sitian. Basin dynamics and energy resources:Retrospect and prospect of the turn of the century[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):1-9.
[9]李思田.沉积盆地动力学研究的进展、发展趋向与面临的挑战[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):1-8.Li Sitian. Progress,trends,and challenges of sedimentary basin dynamics research[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):1-8.
[10]郝芳,邹华耀,姜建群,等.油气成藏动力学及其研究进展[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):11~22.Hao Fang,Zou Huayao,Jiang Jianqun,et al. Dynamics of hydrocarbon accumulation and its research progress[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):11~22.
[11]许红,赵金海,蔡乾忠,等.东海地球动力学环境与过程的同位素证据及盆地动力学模式[J].地学前缘,2010,17(1)229-237.Xu Hong,Zhao Jinhai,Cai Qianzhong,et al. Isotope evidences of geodynamic environment and processes in the east China Sea and Models of basin dynamics[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(1)229-237.
[12]任建业,李思田.西太平洋边缘海盆地的扩张进程和动力学背景[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):203~214.Ren Jianye,Li Sitian. Spreading and dynamic setting of marginal basins of the western Pacific[J]. Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geosciences,Beijing),2000,7(3):203~214.
[13]刘申叔,赵金海,杨兆宇,等.东海盆地结构与油气勘探,张渝昌著,中国含油气盆地原型分析[M].南京大学出版社,1997,378-396.Liu Shenshu,Zhao Jinhai,Yang Zhaoyu,et al. Structure and oil and gas exploration in the East China Sea Basin[M]. Nanjing University Press,1997,378-396.
[14]杨传胜,杨长清,杨艳秋,等.东海陆架盆地中生界残留分布特征及其大地构造意义[J].中国海洋大学学报,2017,47(11):86-95.Yang Chuansheng,Yang Changqing,Yang Yanqiu,et al. Residue distribution characteristics and tectonic significance of the Mesozoic in the East China Sea Shelf Basin[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China,2017,47(11):86-95.
[15]杨传胜,杨长清,张剑,等.东海陆架盆地中生界构造样式及其动力学成因探讨[J].海洋通报,2017,36(4):431-439.Yang Chuansheng,Yang Changqing,Zhang Jian,et al. Mesozoic tectonic styles and their dynamics in the East China Sea Shelf Basin[J]. Marine Bulletin,2017,36(4):431-439.
[16]陈琳琳,向昱.西湖凹陷油气成藏史分析[J].海洋石油,2009,29(3):1-6.Chen Linlin,Xiang Yu. Play evolution analysis of Xihu Sag[J]. Oceanic Petroleum,2009,29(3):1-6.
[17]项圣根.东海西湖凹陷春晓构造油气储层特征[J].海洋石油,2001,21(7):21-25.Xiang Shenggen. Characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs in the Chunxiao Formation in Xihu Sag,East China Sea[J]. Oceanic Petroleum,2001,21(7):21-25.
[18] Hunt J M. Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1990(74),1-12.
[19]汪蕴璞.西湖凹陷油气运聚成藏的水文地质论证[J].中国海上油气,1997,11(5):305-312.Wang Yunqi. Hydrogeological verification of hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation in Xihu sag[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,1997,11(5):305-312.
[20]白洁,胡佳庆,王建红.东海西湖凹陷春晓构造各井区含油气性特征[J].上海地质,2002,83(3):27-31.Bai Jie Hu Jia Qing Wang Jian Hong. Syntheitcialy analyzing hydrocarbon bearing character of Well-sections in CHX structure of Xihu Trough,the East China Sea[J]. Shanghaie Gology,2002,83(3):27-31.
[21]王丽顺.西湖凹陷苏堤构造带含油气条件分析[J].中国海上油气,2000,14(6):392-397.Wang Lishun,Analysis of hydrocarbon conditions in Sudi structural belt of Xihu depression[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,2000,14(6):392-397.
[22]李纯洁,李上卿,许红.西湖凹陷中—下始新统宝石组油气地质与勘探潜力[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(4):81-87.Li Chunjie,Li Shangqing,Xu Hong. Petroleum geology and exploration potential of the Middle-Lower eocene gems formation in Xihu depression[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2004,24(4):81-87.