上海市江心水库鲢、鳙年龄结构及生长特性
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摘要
长江口江心水库青草沙地理位置、供排水系统特殊,主要采用鲢、鳙为主的生物操纵技术调控水质。在2015年6月至2017年5月共采集了鲢139、鳙59尾,以鳞片、脊椎骨作为鉴定年龄的材料,并对每个样本的体长、体质量等生物学数据进行了采集,在此基础上研究了它们各自的生长特性。结果表明:青草沙水库鲢由1～10龄组成,其中以3～4龄居多;鳙由1～11龄组成,其中以2～3龄居多。鲢、鳙体长和体质量回归方程分别为W=0.037 9L~(3.027)和W=0.039 0L~(2.946);鲢体长、体质量Von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为:L_t=77.73~([1-e~(-0.183(t+0.60))]),W_t=20 024.3[1-e~(-0.183(t+0.60))]~(3.027),其中t代表鱼的年龄,生长拐点年龄在5.4龄;鳙的体长、体质量Von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为:L_t=92.11[1-e~(-0.172(t+1.27))],W_t=23 875.2[1-e~(-0.172(t+1.27))]~(2.946),生长拐点年龄在5.0龄。建议青草沙水库中的鲢、鳙鱼以5.5龄为起捕年龄。
The Qingcaosha reservoir in the Yangtze River estuary is a special system for water supply and the water quality is mainly controlled through biological manipulation methods by Hypophthalmichthys molitrix( H.molitrix) and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis( H. nobilis). A total of 139 tails of H. molitrix and 59 H. nobilis were collected from June 2015 to May 2017. Their ages were identified through the scales or vertebrae,and their growth characteristics were studied based on ages. The results showed that: the age of H. molitrix ranged from 1 to 10 years old and most of them ranged from 3 to 4 years old; The age of H. nobilis was composed of 1 to 11 years old,most of them were 2 or 3 years old. The formula of body length and weight of H. molitrix and H.nobilis were W = 0. 037 9L~(3. 027) and W = 0. 039 0L~(2. 946) respectively. the functions of Von Bertalanffy in H.molitrix was L_t= 77. 73[1-e~(-0. 183( t + 0. 60))],W_t= 20 024. 3[1-e~(-0. 183( t + 0. 60))]~(3. 027),and that in H. nobilis were: L_t= 92. 11[1-e~(-0. 172( t + 1. 27))],W_t= 23 875. 2[1-e~(-0. 172( t + 1. 27))]~(2. 946),the growth inflection points of H.molitrix and H. nobilis were 5. 24 and 5 years old respectively. So it is recommended that the fishing age of H.nobilis and H. molitrix should be 5. 5 years old respectively.
The Qingcaosha reservoir in the Yangtze River estuary is a special system for water supply and the water quality is mainly controlled through biological manipulation methods by Hypophthalmichthys molitrix( H.molitrix) and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis( H. nobilis). A total of 139 tails of H. molitrix and 59 H. nobilis were collected from June 2015 to May 2017. Their ages were identified through the scales or vertebrae,and their growth characteristics were studied based on ages. The results showed that: the age of H. molitrix ranged from 1 to 10 years old and most of them ranged from 3 to 4 years old; The age of H. nobilis was composed of 1 to 11 years old,most of them were 2 or 3 years old. The formula of body length and weight of H. molitrix and H.nobilis were W = 0. 037 9L~(3. 027) and W = 0. 039 0L~(2. 946) respectively. the functions of Von Bertalanffy in H.molitrix was L_t= 77. 73[1-e~(-0. 183( t + 0. 60))],W_t= 20 024. 3[1-e~(-0. 183( t + 0. 60))]~(3. 027),and that in H. nobilis were: L_t= 92. 11[1-e~(-0. 172( t + 1. 27))],W_t= 23 875. 2[1-e~(-0. 172( t + 1. 27))]~(2. 946),the growth inflection points of H.molitrix and H. nobilis were 5. 24 and 5 years old respectively. So it is recommended that the fishing age of H.nobilis and H. molitrix should be 5. 5 years old respectively.
引文
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[17]熊飞,陈大庆,刘绍平,等.青海湖裸鲤不同年龄鉴定材料的年轮特征[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(2):185-191.XIONG F,CHEN D Q,LIU S P,et al.Annuli characteristics of the different ageing materials of Gymnocypris przewalskii(Kessler)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30(2):185-191.
[18]张国栋.利用鲢鳙鱼及水生植物控制平原水库富营养化的研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2011.ZHANG G D.Study on the eutrophication of the plateau reservoir by using the carp,bighead and aquatic plants[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Technology,2011.
[19]朱峰跃,刘家寿,李钟杰,等.傀儡湖鲢、鳙的生长特性及渔业利用[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(2):32-35.ZHU F Y,LIU J S,LI Z J,et al.The growth performance of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys mobilis in Lake Kuilei and their fisheries utilization[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(2):32-35.
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[21]李思发,王瑞霞.长江、珠江水系鲢、镛的性成熟速度及其遗传分析[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):189-197.LI S F,WANG R X.Maturity speed and genetic analysis of silver carp and bighead from Changjiang and Zhujiang River systems[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,14(3):189-197.
[2]陆晓如.特大型水库综合运行调度平台建设研究与实践[J].净水技术,2014,33(3):111-114.LU X R.Research and practice on integrated platform construction of operation and control for super-huge type reservoir[J].Water Purification Technology,2014,33(3):111-114.
[3]胡忠军,吴昊,陈立侨,等.长江口青草沙水库正式供水前的鱼类群落结构特征[J].水产学报,2012,36(8):1234-1241.HU Z J,WU H,CHEN L Q,et al.Structure of fish assemblages before drinking-water supplies in Qingcaosha Reservoir of Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(8):1234-1241.
[4]高孜娟.西泉眼水库鲢鱼鳙鱼生长及其生态效应研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.GAO Z J.The growth and ecological effects of silver carp and bighead carp in Xiquanyan reservoir[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2012.
[5]段金荣,张宪中,刘凯,等.鲢鳙鱼和藻类治理关系的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(20):327-330.DUAN J R,ZHANG X Z,LIU K,et al.The preliminary study on the ralation between carp fish and algae[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(20):327-330.
[6]XIE P,LIU J K.Practical success of biomanipulation using filter-feeding fish to control cyanobacteria blooms:a synthesis of decades of research and application in a subtropical hypereutrophic lake[J].The Scientific World Journal,2001,1:337-356.
[7]BAUDOUIN M,MARENGO M,PERE A,et al.Comparison of otolith and scale readings for age and growth estimation of common dentex Dentex dentex[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2016,88(2):760-766.
[8]HUANG S Q,WANG Y K,ZHENG X H,et al.Comparative analysis of three methods of making scale specimens for small fish[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2015,98(2):697-703.
[9]张学健,程家骅.鱼类年龄鉴定研究概况[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(1):92-99.ZHANG X J,CHENG J H.Survey on study of the fish age determination[J].Marine Fisheries,2009,31(1):92-99.
[10]李强,胡继飞,蓝昭军,等.利用鱼类钙化组织鉴定年龄的方法[J].生物学教学,2010,35(6):51-52.LI Q,HU J F,LAN Z J,et al.Use of fish calcification to identify age methods[J].Biological Teaching,2010,35(6):51-52.
[11]NEGI R K,MAURYA A.Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Labeo rohita and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix[J].Research Journal of Pharmaceutical,Biological&Chemical Sciences,2015,6(2):1505-1509.
[12]VOLTA P,GIUSSANI G.Weight-length relationships(WLRs)and von Bertalanffy growth function(VBGF)parameters of Alosa agone,Rutilus pigus and the anadromous Salmo trutta from a deep south-alpine lake:Lago Maggiore(northern Italy)[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2010,26(3):474-476.
[13]DE GRAAF G,PREIN M.Fitting growth with the von Bertalanffy growth function:a comparison of three approaches of multivariate analysis of fish growth in aquaculture experiments[J].Aquaculture Research,2005,36(1):100-109.
[14]杨景峰,申玉春,祁宝霞,等.孟家段水库鲢、鳙鱼生长规律的研究[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2002,17(3):277-280.YANG J F,SHEN Y C,QI B X,et al.Study on growth pattern of silver carp and bighead carp in Mengjiaduan reservoir[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities(Natural Sciences),2002,17(3):277-280.
[15]刘明,王仁曾.基于t检验的逐步回归的改进[J].统计与决策,2012(6):16-19.LIU M,WANG R Z.Stepwise regression improvement based on t test[J].Statistics and Decision,2012(6):16-19.
[16]靳庭良,张宝青.回归分析中t检验与F检验关系的进一步探讨[J].统计与决策,2009(21):7-9.JIN T L,ZHANG B Q.Further discussion on the relationship between t test and F test in regression analysis[J].Statistics and Decision,2009(21):7-9.
[17]熊飞,陈大庆,刘绍平,等.青海湖裸鲤不同年龄鉴定材料的年轮特征[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(2):185-191.XIONG F,CHEN D Q,LIU S P,et al.Annuli characteristics of the different ageing materials of Gymnocypris przewalskii(Kessler)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30(2):185-191.
[18]张国栋.利用鲢鳙鱼及水生植物控制平原水库富营养化的研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2011.ZHANG G D.Study on the eutrophication of the plateau reservoir by using the carp,bighead and aquatic plants[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Technology,2011.
[19]朱峰跃,刘家寿,李钟杰,等.傀儡湖鲢、鳙的生长特性及渔业利用[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(2):32-35.ZHU F Y,LIU J S,LI Z J,et al.The growth performance of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys mobilis in Lake Kuilei and their fisheries utilization[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(2):32-35.
[20]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.YIN M C.Fish ecology[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1995.
[21]李思发,王瑞霞.长江、珠江水系鲢、镛的性成熟速度及其遗传分析[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):189-197.LI S F,WANG R X.Maturity speed and genetic analysis of silver carp and bighead from Changjiang and Zhujiang River systems[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,14(3):189-197.