农用地膜力学性能试验与分析
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摘要
农用地膜大量残留于土地中对土壤造成严重危害,甚至会引起农作物的减产。当前,农用地膜回收的技术不成熟、回收机械效果不理想,为解决农用地膜回收困难、效率低下的问题,分析影响回收效率的因素至关重要。由于地膜自身的力学性能对机械化回收的效果影响显著,于2016年3月-2017年3月在新疆生产建设兵团农一师六团对不同厚度、不同覆膜时间、不同薄膜厚度、不同耕层深度的地膜进行力学性能试验。结果表明:地表残膜覆膜时间相同时,厚度为0. 018mm的残膜拉伸负载荷最大,0. 014mm的残膜断裂伸长率最大;地膜厚度相同时,90d的残膜拉伸负载荷和断裂伸长率都最大;耕层内残膜厚度相同时,浅层地膜的拉伸负载荷和断裂伸长率都较深层残膜的大;耕层深度相同时,地膜厚度越厚,拉伸负载荷越大,断裂伸长率越小。
A large amount of agricultural film remains in the land and causes serious damage to the soil,and even causes the occurrence of crop production and yield reduction. At present,the technology of membrane recovery in agricultural land is immature and the recovery mechanism is not ideal. In order to solve the problem of difficult and inefficient recoveryof agricultural land membrane,it is very important to analyze the factors that affect the recovery efficiency. The mechanical properties of the membrane itself have a significant impact on the effect of mechanized recovery. From March2016 to March 2017,they were tested in six groups of the first division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The mechanical properties of the films with different thickness,different covering time,different film thickness and different depth of the tillage layer were tested and the results were compared. The results showed that the residual film with the thickness of 0. 018 mm had the largest tensile negative load and the residual film with the maximum fracture elongation of 0. 014 mm had the same time phase. The thickness of the membrane is the same,and the negative tensile load and fracture elongation of the membrane are the largest in 90 d. The thickness of the residual film in the tillage layer is the same,and the tensile negative load and fracture of the shallow ground film are the same.
A large amount of agricultural film remains in the land and causes serious damage to the soil,and even causes the occurrence of crop production and yield reduction. At present,the technology of membrane recovery in agricultural land is immature and the recovery mechanism is not ideal. In order to solve the problem of difficult and inefficient recoveryof agricultural land membrane,it is very important to analyze the factors that affect the recovery efficiency. The mechanical properties of the membrane itself have a significant impact on the effect of mechanized recovery. From March2016 to March 2017,they were tested in six groups of the first division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The mechanical properties of the films with different thickness,different covering time,different film thickness and different depth of the tillage layer were tested and the results were compared. The results showed that the residual film with the thickness of 0. 018 mm had the largest tensile negative load and the residual film with the maximum fracture elongation of 0. 014 mm had the same time phase. The thickness of the membrane is the same,and the negative tensile load and fracture elongation of the membrane are the largest in 90 d. The thickness of the residual film in the tillage layer is the same,and the tensile negative load and fracture of the shallow ground film are the same.
引文
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[14]谢建华,侯书林,张学军,等.基于残膜力学特性的弹齿拾膜接触分析及实验[J].农机化研究,2016,38(1):177-181.
[15]王松林,敬志臣,韩正晟,等.旱地全膜双垄沟残膜回收机的试验研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(3):160-164.
[16]靳伟,张学军,张朝书,等.钉刺式残膜回收机脱膜装置的设计及试验研究[J].农机化研究,2014,36(11):172-175.
[17]王敏,何义川,王序俭,等.基于ADAMS的分流式平地残膜回收机四连杆摇臂机构的研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(2):135-138,144.
[18]谢建华,张凤贤,杨业龙,等.残地膜力学性能试验与分析[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):178-181.
[19]张佳喜,王学农,张丽,等.农田地膜拉伸性能变化对缠绕式回收的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):41-47.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T1040. 3—2006塑料拉伸性能的测定第3部分(薄塑和薄片的试验条件)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[2]陈东城.我国农用地膜应用现状及展望[J].甘蔗糖业,2014(4):50-54.
[3]张丹,王洪媛,胡万里,等.地膜厚度对作物产量与土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):293-301.
[4]许香春,王朝云.国内外地膜覆盖栽培现状及展望[J].中国麻业,2006(1):6-11.
[5]严昌荣,梅旭荣,何文清,等.农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J].农业工程学报,2006(11):269.
[6]董合干,刘彤,李勇冠,等.新疆棉田地膜残留对棉花产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):91-99.
[7]赵岩,陈学庚,温浩军,等.农田残膜污染治理技术研究现状与展望[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):1-14.
[8]张佳喜,谢建华,薛党勤,等.国内外地膜应用及回收装备的发展现状[J].农机化研究,2013,35(12):237-240,272.
[9]金作徽,张若宇,褚宏奎,等.播前残膜清理机收集装置的仿真与试验[J].农机化研究,2018,40(6):132-138.
[10]徐弘博,胡志超,吴峰,等.链齿式残膜回收输送方式对比分析与试验[J].农机化研究,2017,39(5):12-20.
[11]严伟,胡志超,吴努,等.铲筛式残膜回收机输膜机构参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(1):17-24.
[12]靳伟,张学军,张朝书,等.自动卸膜式残膜回收机捡拾齿和滚筒的优化[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(3):96-103.
[13]张丹,胡万里,刘宏斌,等.华北地区地膜残留及典型覆膜作物残膜系数[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(3):1-5.
[14]谢建华,侯书林,张学军,等.基于残膜力学特性的弹齿拾膜接触分析及实验[J].农机化研究,2016,38(1):177-181.
[15]王松林,敬志臣,韩正晟,等.旱地全膜双垄沟残膜回收机的试验研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(3):160-164.
[16]靳伟,张学军,张朝书,等.钉刺式残膜回收机脱膜装置的设计及试验研究[J].农机化研究,2014,36(11):172-175.
[17]王敏,何义川,王序俭,等.基于ADAMS的分流式平地残膜回收机四连杆摇臂机构的研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(2):135-138,144.
[18]谢建华,张凤贤,杨业龙,等.残地膜力学性能试验与分析[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):178-181.
[19]张佳喜,王学农,张丽,等.农田地膜拉伸性能变化对缠绕式回收的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):41-47.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T1040. 3—2006塑料拉伸性能的测定第3部分(薄塑和薄片的试验条件)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.